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The Mappaenre Bunge tradition as a ritual that has been going on for generations has deep meaning for the Bugis people. The community believes that by carrying out this tradition, they will establish a harmonious relationship with their ancestors and the universe. People think that if this tradition is not implemented, then people will be affected by disease. The aim of this research is to explore the Mappaenre Bunge tradition in Bugis community culture; examine people's views on counter-myths in the Mappaenre Bunge tradition in Bugis society; and reveal the influence of the Mappaenre Bunge tradition on the emergence of disease in the Bugis tribe. The research methods used are historical methods and phenomenological methods. The historical method is used to collect data about the origins and development of the Mappaenre Bunge tradition, while the phenomenological method is used to understand the experience and meaning of the Mappaenre Bunge tradition for the Bugis community. The results of this research reveal the aim of this research, namely to find out the origins of the emergence of the Mappaenre Bunge tradition; found 6 myths and 3 counter-myths; The myths present in the Tappale Village Community are stronger than the counter-myths.

Background: Type D personality, which has been related to cognitive factors, makes a person susceptible to psychological and physical disorders. However, cognitive biases specific to this type have not been identified till now, and if identified, it can help to modify cognitive biases of a wide range of problems. Aims: Considering the need to fill the existing gap, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the type D personality’s cognitive biases. Methods: The current research was conducted based on a qualitative approach using a constructive phenomenological method. The target population was the Persian Gulf University’s students of Bushehr in 2022, among them 21 people with type D personality were selected by purposive sampling, and a semi-structured interview, designed by the researchers, was conducted with them. Manifest content analysis and latent content analysis, based on open and axial coding, were also performed in MAXQDA-2020 software. Results: 56 initial codes were found in two themes of “personal bias” and “environmental bias”. Environmental bias included “view about the world” (with sub-themes of “view about the future” and “view about the present situation”) and “view about the others” whereas personal bias included “personal characteristics” (consists of “emotional”, “social”, and “cognitive” characteristics) and “personal life” (consists of “attitude about the present life” and “attitude about the past life”). Finally the initial codes, all themes and sub-themes were attributed to “interpretative bias” as axial coding. Conclusion: The identified interpretation biases can be considered as items of interpretation bias modification scenarios and can be used to modify the mentioned biases in people with type D personality.

Introduction: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) represents the most recent immunotherapy’s innovation to cure some refractory and/or relapsing haematological tumours. However, because of the life-threatening toxicities it might cause such as Cytokine Release Syndrome and Immune Cell Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome, patients are closely monitored by nurses for the early identification of toxicities during the post-infusion phase of CAR-T cell therapy. Exploring the nurses’ experience with respect to any difficulties related to the monitoring is important since these issues can be perceived by patients and affect the nurse-patient’s caring relationship, considered as a shared lived experience between the patient and the nurse. Aim: This study aims to investigate haematology nurses’ lived experience with monitoring CAR-T’s induced toxicities. Materials and methods: A qualitative study following Cohen's phenomenological methodology will be conducted through semi-structured interviews in a sample of Italian nurses working in haematology units, who have had previous experience in the management of patients undergoing CAR-T therapy for at least two months and who have performed the monitoring for the same months of experience; the interviews will be audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Two researchers will carry out the manual analysis and interpretation of the collected data independently, identifying themes and sub-themes. Conclusion: To explore the nurses’ experiences in this field could facilitate the identification of the educational needs, at individual and group level. Despite it is important to consider contextual variables, the findings of this study could contribute to develop evidence supporting advanced and specialized nursing care in the haematological setting.

Background: Type D personality, which has been related to cognitive factors, makes a person susceptible to psychological and physical disorders. However, cognitive biases specific to this type have not been identified till now, and if identified, it can help to modify cognitive biases of a wide range of problems. Aims: Considering the need to fill the existing gap, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the type D personality’s cognitive biases. Methods: The current research was conducted based on a qualitative approach using a constructive phenomenological method. The target population was the Persian Gulf University’s students of Bushehr in 2022, among them 21 people with type D personality were selected by purposive sampling, and a semi-structured interview, designed by the researchers, was conducted with them. Manifest content analysis and latent content analysis, based on open and axial coding, were also performed in MAXQDA-2020 software. Results: 56 initial codes were found in two themes of “personal bias” and “environmental bias”. Environmental bias included “view about the world” (with sub-themes of “view about the future” and “view about the present situation”) and “view about the others” whereas personal bias included “personal characteristics” (consists of “emotional”, “social”, and “cognitive” characteristics) and “personal life” (consists of “attitude about the present life” and “attitude about the past life”). Finally the initial codes, all themes and sub-themes were attributed to “interpretative bias” as axial coding. Conclusion: The identified interpretation biases can be considered as items of interpretation bias modification scenarios and can be used to modify the mentioned biases in people with type D personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional counselors may choose to increase self-awareness and/or engage in self-care through the use of personal therapy. Some counselors may feel reluctant to pursue personal therapy due to stigma related to their professional identity. To date, researchers have paid limited attention to the unique concerns of counselors in personal therapy. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to explore counselors' experiences and decision-making in seeking personal therapy. Participants included 13 licensed professional counselors who had attended personal therapy with a licensed mental health professional within the previous 3 years. We identified six emergent themes through adapted classic phenomenological analysis: presenting concerns, therapist attributes, intrapersonal growth, interpersonal growth, therapeutic factors, and challenges. Findings inform mental health professionals and the field about the personal and professional needs of counselors. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended AbstractAbstractExamining leadership models in today's complex and uncertain conditions suggests that competitive and hierarchical based traditional leadership models do not meet the environmental challenges facing organizations and the need to pay attention to follower-based leadership styles is being felt. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the meaning and fundamental structure of self-sacrificial leadership. The case study includes the operational staff of the emergency organizations (firefighters and medical emergency staff) in Mashhad. Eighteen individuals were chosen in a purposive sampling method to reach the point of theoretical saturation. The present study employs a phenomenological research strategy and Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. Four measures of validity, transferability, dependability, and confirmability were emphasized to ensure the qualitative rigor of the present study. MAXQDA qualitative analysis software was used to classify the qualitative findings of the study. Based on the results of this study, thirteen sub-components were classified into three components. The discovered components of self-sacrificial leadership from the participants' point of view are ignoring material and spiritual assets, ignoring sources of power and self-sacrifice. Finally, based on the obtained components, a description of the meaning and structure of self-sacrificial leadership was provided. From the point of view of the operational forces of rescue organizations, the meaning of self- sacrificial leadership is a management style in which the commander and the operational manager, by emphasizing their ideals, sacrifice material and spiritual assets and sources of power, and finally the level of sacrifice of interests reaches its peak with self-sacrifice.IntroductionLeadership has long been the focus of group and organizational behaviors research (Nabih et al., 2016; Steffens et al., 2020). Since leadership is intertwined with group membership (Steffens et al., 2020), one of the main characteristics of this concept is the emphasis on leaders achieving collective goals rather than personal goals (Braun et al., 2018).According to previous research, one of the most effective ways to meet the needs of followers is self-sacrifice (Choi & Yoon, 2005; Liu et al., 2021). Numerous studies on many leaders, including the heads of associations, political leaders, or military leaders, discuss the leaders’ self-sacrifice in fulfilling others’ interests. Obviously, individuals value such behaviors while motivated by observing self-sacrificial behaviors (Raza Zaidi & Siddiqui, 2021).Although some studies on self-sacrificial leadership have emphasized the unique role of self-sacrificial leadership in critical situations (Halverson et al., 2004) and the role of organizational context in promoting self-sacrificial leadership (Matteson, 2006), these studies are exclusive to business, religious, and military organizations (Matteson, 2006), and the rescue and relief organizations symbolizing self-sacrifice have not been considered. A review of the literature revealed that the quantitative studies are derived from studies on charismatic leadership. On the other hand, the behavioral components of this concept have been neglected in the leadership literature. Accordingly, it is deemed necessary to focus on the behavioral components of self-sacrificial leadership the rescue and relief organizations, which are always involved in a crisis, and whose operations are sacrifice-oriented.Case study The purposive sampling method was used to select the study samples. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Having experienced the considered phenomenon, and (2) having the ability to describe and express one’s experience clearly. The required data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 18 persons from the rescue and relief organizations in Mashhad. Regarding the place of service, 12 persons were working in the fire department, and six individuals were working in medical emergencies. After obtaining the interviewees' consent, the interviews were recorded and fully transcribed to ensure that no information was overlooked. In all the interviews, the participants were asked to express their experiences, thoughts, feelings, and understanding of self-sacrificial leadership and exemplify them. Materials and MethodsThe present study employed descriptive phenomenology using Colaizzi’s framework. Regarding the nature of the phenomenology strategy, the phenomenology research strategy has been used. Considering the descriptive phenomenological strategy (Husserl) is based on the creation of the nature of a specific phenomenon, the explicit expression of the implicit structure, the nature of the phenomenon, and the meaning of human experiences, Husserl's phenomenological approach was used in this study.Discussion and ResultsAfter interviewing 18 firefighters and medical emergency operatives, Colaizzi’s eight-step method was used to extract the codes from the interviews. In the first step, which was done to study the written protocol, the statements obtained from the interview were transcribed. Then each of the transcribed texts was considered separately and read several times. In the second step, important propositions in the interviewees' descriptions were extracted. Then, duplicate sentences were removed from the categorized statements. After removing duplicate and highly similar items, 215 important propositions were extracted from all the interviews. In the third step, i.e., formulation of meanings, the participants’ meanings were extracted from their statements. In the fourth step, the extracted meanings were organized. First, similar compressed units were placed in a set. Then, similar semantic units were checked and labelled. At the end of this step, 215 propositions were classified into 13 sub-components. Finally, after analyzing the data in four step, three components were finalized. In the fifth step, the results were integrated with the form of a comprehensive description. In the sixth step, the comprehensive description of the previous step was formulated as an unambiguous statement to identify the phenomenon's main structure. From the point of view of operational forces of the rescue and relief organizations, the meaning of self-sacrificial leadership is as follows: "It is a management style in which the commander, emphasizing his ideals, gives up material and spiritual possessions and power resources; eventually, he reaches the peak of this trait with self-sacrifice." Finally, in the seventh and eighth steps, the participants were asked again for revalidation, and it was ensured that the descriptive results did not differ from their experiences and that no experience was missed.ConclusionThe present study sought to comprehend the meaning of self-sacrificial leadership from the perspective of operational forces in the rescue and relief organizations. After analyzing the data, 13 subcomponents and three components were identified as the dimensions of self-sacrificial leadership. The main point highlighted by interviewees in this dimension is facilitating the obstacles. According to the interviewees, giving up the power resources with 19 identified instances is the second priority. This component refers to themes expressing the manager's disregard for official authority, the use of organizational structure and rules, and control of knowledge and information. The third identified component was the commitment of leaders. Self-sacrifice is the highest level of sacrifice that is at the heart of such organizations. The active forces in the participating organizations in the present research risk their lives by participating in difficult and breathtaking missions and giving up their lives to put out the fire or to save the patient's life. In addition to being a pioneer in high-risk situations, the commander in such organizations spare efforts to protect the lives of his followers. This implies that one of the hallmarks of self-sacrificial leaders is to undertake risky tasks for the collective good personally.

Logic-Based Therapy and Consultation (LBTC) identifies sets of irrational thinking or "cardinal fallacies" that promote self-defeating emotions, such as depression, anxiety, guilt, and anger. To overcome these fallacies, LBTC enlists philosophical ideas to attain virtue. The latter "guiding virtues" are ideals, never fully achievable, which are thus aspirational in character. Philosophical ideas are considered "uplifting" when they phenomenologically connect the client to such virtues. From this phenomenological perspective, this connection is experienced by the client as a "leading up" or transcendence with a sense of liberation from the suffering generated by the cardinal fallacy. Herein, lies an intensely spiritual experience. For clients who are religious and utilize religious philosophies to aspire to virtue, this experience is deeply religious. For those who embrace non-religious philosophies (those that are not God-centered), this liberating experience is nonetheless spiritual. It is typically described by clients as a sense of freedom or lightness; a deep peace of mind or serenity associated with the guiding virtue of all guiding virtues: metaphysical security. This article provides an analysis of the nature and conditions under which this deeply spiritual experience is attainable during the course of LBTC practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses a social justice model, to explore the lived experiences of people with physical disabilities during their general physical education classes in middle school. In this qualitative study, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 participants to develop themes from participants' experiences through a social justice lens (equality, equity, participation, justice). Description and narrative are presented from the five central themes that developed from the interviews: a.) favouritism of athletes; b.) did not ask my opinion; c.) treated me like I had an intellectual disability; d.) did not know how to deal with me; e.) no equipment/rules modifications. These results support prior research indicating little has changed in the past few decades. The approach used in this research adds to previous literature by looking at experiences through a new lens, and the potential to address these findings in future research to support and accommodate students with physical disabilities in general physical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of digital health, from its early days as eHealth to its current expansive scope, reflects a significant transformation in health care delivery and management. This transition underscores the integration of digital technologies across the health continuum from prevention and diagnosis to treatment and rehabilitation. The emergence of digital health has introduced innovative solutions but also posed challenges, particularly in aligning technological advancements with health needs, human experiences, and ethical considerations. This position paper aims to explore the integration of phenomenology in digital health, advocating for a paradigm that emphasizes the centrality of human experience in the design and implementation of digital health solutions. It specifically seeks to address challenges related to relevance for individuals who "speak" different languages, ensuring long-term use, addressing digital and health literacy, coordinating various sources, and navigating ethical issues in the rapidly evolving digital health landscape. Drawing upon years of research and practical experience in communication technologies and health, this paper uses a reflective approach to examine the intersection of digital health and phenomenology. It reviews the historical development of digital health, identifies the challenges faced during its evolution, and discusses the potential of phenomenological methods to enhance user-centered design and ethical practices in digital health. The integration of phenomenology into digital health facilitates a deeper understanding of user experiences, enabling the development of more responsive and ethical digital health solutions. Participatory design models, informed by phenomenological perspectives, offer a pathway to bridge the gap between technological innovation and human-centric health care. The paper highlights successful practices in digital health development, including mobile apps for vaccination decision-making and platforms for managing chronic conditions, illustrating the benefits of a phenomenological approach. Transitioning perspectives in digital health through phenomenology integration represents a critical step toward realizing the full potential of digital technologies in health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Telemedicine has the potential to remove geographic and temporal obstacles to health care access. Whether and how telemedicine can increase health care access for underserved populations remains an open question. To address this issue, we integrated facilitated telemedicine encounters for the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a highly prevalent condition among people with opioid use disorder (OUD), into opioid treatment programs (OTPs). In New York State, OTPs are methadone-dispensing centers that provide patient-centered, evidence-based treatment for OUD. We investigated the integration and impact of facilitated telemedicine into OTP workflows in these settings. Objective: This study aims to understand OTP staff experiences with integrating facilitated telemedicine for HCV treatment into OTPs, including best practices and lessons learned. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 45 OTP staff members (13 clinical, 12 administrative, 6 physicians, and 14 support staff members) at least one year after the implementation of facilitated telemedicine for HCV management. We used hermeneutic phenomenological analysis to understand OTP staff experiences. Results: We identified 4 overarching themes illustrating the successful integration of facilitated telemedicine for HCV care into OTPs. First, integration requires an understanding of the challenges, goals, and values of the OTP. As OTP staff learned about new, highly effective HCV therapies, they valued an HCV cure as a "win" for their patients and were excited about the potential to eliminate a highly prevalent infectious disease. Second, the integration of facilitated telemedicine into OTPs fosters social support and reinforces relationships between patients and OTP staff. OTP staff appreciated the ability to have "eyes on" patients during telemedicine encounters to assess body language, a necessary component of OUD management. Third, participants described high levels of interprofessional collaboration as a care team that included the blurring of lines between disciplines working toward a common goal of improving patient care. Study case managers were integrated into OTP workflows and established communication channels to improve patient outcomes. Fourth, administrators endorsed the sustained and future expansion of facilitated telemedicine to address comorbidities. Conclusions: OTP staff were highly enthusiastic about facilitated telemedicine for an underserved population. They described high levels of collaboration and integration comparable to relevant integrative frameworks. When situated within OTPs, facilitated telemedicine is a high-value application of telemedicine that provides support for underserved populations necessary for high-quality health care. These experiences support sustaining and scaling facilitated telemedicine in comparable settings and evaluating its ability to address other comorbidities. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02933970; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02933970 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Angles: French Perspectives on the Anglophone World is the property of Societe des Anglicistes de l Enseignement Superieur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The relationship between parents and children is one of the important topics of psychology and sociology, and parenting methods are considered as one of the important topics in this field. The present research examined the values and expectations of parenting among the parents of the deprived class. Method: The present qualitative research was conducted by phenomenological analysis method in 2019 in Tehran. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used with 14 parents of the underprivileged class of Tehran until the data saturation stage. Data analysis was done using MAXQDA 20 software. Results: Based on the findings of this research, five main themes (18 sub-themes) namely parent-centered values (compensation, support, forward-looking, positive communication), and child-centered values (getting an education, obeying the rules, respecting elders, religious values, courtesy, independence), parenting expectations (positive parenting, positive education, positive social role), harmful resources (current injuries, financial problems), and supportive resources (family of origin, wide network of relationships and society, available service providers) were obtained. Conclusion: In summarizing the overall findings of this research, it can be elucidated that challenges arising from adverse economic and social conditions have disproportionately impacted parents facing economic disadvantages in the context of child-rearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is known as one of the most challenging periods in human life, which brings many emotional, social and even educational crises. This course can be faced with more challenges and sufferings for teenagers who are intellectual disability, so the purpose of this research was to explain the lived experience of the challenges of intellectual disability teenagers. The research population included all boys with intellectual disability in the pre-professional and vocational schools of Kashan who were studying in the academic year 1402-1401, among them 9 people were targeted for Research were selected. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the 7-step Colaizzi method. The results indicated the extraction of 3 main themes and 9 secondary themes. The main themes are: 1- social challenge (1- job and career future and worry about it, 2- free time, 3- shame and embarrassment of recognition, 4- concern about marriage), 2- individual challenge (1- acceptance) The negatives were 2- positive acceptance, 3- diseases and the need for medicine, 4- financial independence), 3- family challenges (1- family attitude) which were examined in detail in the research. According to the results, it was determined that it is necessary to deal with the problems and challenges of intellectual disability teenagers, and therefore, providing support and educational services for teenagers and their families can reduce their problems.

Introduction. Unlike classroom education, during clinical placements, much of the day-to-day activities are unplanned and unstructured, hence, learning occurs in a complex environment. While a clinical setting may provide a more authentic learning environment, it however does include many challenges for the students. Identifying the challenges experienced by students is of importance so that appropriate mitigation strategies can be put in place. The aim of the study was to explore the challenges experienced by radiography students during their clinical placements. Methods. A qualitative phenomenological design employing three focus group discussions were conducted with second, third, and fourth-year radiography students. Data were managed in Nvivo 12 and analysed according to Giorgi's phenomenological approach. Results. Six themes overlapping from all three focus groups representing the challenges experienced by students emerged. The themes include financial issues, inadequate equipment, unsatisfactory supervision, disruptive behaviours, COVID-19, and a lack of support. Conclusion. Deliberate strategies to tackle the challenges experienced by students are recommended to create an effective clinical environment for radiography students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this transcendental phenomenological study, we interviewed 10 counselors who have clinical experience working with sex trafficking survivors. Through in-depth individual interviews, participants discussed their lived experiences providing counseling to this population. Our analysis revealed four primary themes: (a) counselor knowledge: "learning curve," (b) counselor skills: "creating a safe space to dive into work," (c) counselor attitudes: "being able to listen to the client's story," and (d) counselor action: "more than just a counselor." The findings indicated that counselors working with sex trafficking survivors needed to understand and address the different aspects of trauma. Our findings also demonstrate that working with sex trafficking survivors requires additional competencies such as recognizing the signs of sex trafficking, vulnerable populations, and the processes by which traffickers force people into sex trafficking. We discuss these findings in more detail and identify implications for counselor training and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the rise of online gambling among department primary teacher education students at Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used is observation or observation and in-depth interviews. The informants in this study were as many as 32 students. Online gambling is popular among students: slot gambling and soccer betting. Then players who play online gambling have several factors that make them play, namely: 1) Lack of understanding of religion, 2) Social factors, 3) Economic factors, 4) Lack of education factor, and 5) The influence of technology. In addition, researchers also found negative impacts from online gambling, namely: 1) Addiction, 2) Mental disorders, 3) Decreased economic level, and 4) Lots of debt. In this study, there are also efforts to prevent someone from online gambling, namely: 1) Looking for busyness, 2) Looking for a new environment, 3) Working well with finances, 4) Socialization, 5) Studying religion, 6) Wise in using the internet. Analisis Fenomenologis Maraknya Judi Online di Kalangan Mahasiswa di Kediri Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis maraknya judi online dikalangan mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi atau pengamatan dan wawancara mendalam. Informan dalam penelitian ini sebayak 32 mahasiswa. Ada dua bentuk judi online yang marak dikalangan mahasiswa yaitu judi slot dan judi bola. Lalu pemain yang bermain judi online memiliki beberapa faktor yang membuat mereka bermain yaitu: 1) Faktor kurangnya pemahaman agama, 2) Faktor pergaulan, 3) Faktor ekonomi, 4) Faktor kurangnya Pendidikan, 5) Pengaruh teknologi. Selain itu peneliti juga menemukan dampak negatif dari judi online yaitu : 1) Kecanduan, 2) Gangguan mental, 3) Penurunan taraf ekonomi, 4) Banyak berhutang. Pada penelitian ini juga terdapat upaya agar seseorang terhindar dari judi online yaitu : 1) Mencari kesibukan, 2) Mencari lingkungan baru, 3) Mengatur keuangan dengan baik, 4) Sosialisasi, 5) Belajar agama, 6) Bijaksana dalam menggunakan internet.

Conceptual model of coping strategies confronted the responsibilities of female-headed households: a phenomenological studyAbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate coping strategies for women heads of households. Welfare was in Tehran. The sampling was first performed as a relative classification of Shemiranat, Shahriyar, Robat Karim and Tehran, then ended with a targeted sampling method of the property within two months until theoretical saturation. Statistical sample (35) of women heads of households, (12) social worker and 6 managers of welfare branches, in total (53) people. The data from the interview were analyzed by open and central coding method. Women's problems: psychological, physical, economic; Child related; Primary, cultural, and supportive families were identified. In addition, the results of 124 concepts, 17 sub-categories, 4 main categories: 1- Individual factors of effective coping strategies (resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, cognitive evaluation, spirituality) 2- Inefficient individual factors (cognitive and emotional distortions, passive style) , Physical-psychological disorders, dysfunctional parenting style) 3- Effective social factors (social participation, social cohesion, social trust) and 4-Inefficient social factors (insufficient participation, insufficient cohesion, insufficient trust and dependent factors)and 2 main themes of effective and ineffective coping strategies were identified. Based on the comprehensive multimodal hierarchical model, The effective components of spirituality, resilience, and the dysfunctional components of lack of trust and social cohesion, as well as the dependent and passive style in the female head of welfare, were more sensitive.. Keywords Conceptual model, coping strategies, confronted, responsibilities of female-headed households, phenomenological

Caregivers have a unique role in the development of children, and this becomes even more important when the children living in residential child care facilities are addressed. The present investigation aimed at exploring the caregivers' experiences in taking care of children living in residential child care facilities (RCCF). In this qualitative study (1401), 19 caregivers were selected using maximum variation sampling. Private and public residential child care facilities in Tehran, Iran, were involved in the study. Unstructured interviews on caregivers' experiences in taking caring of children were employed to collect the data. The interviews were recorded, handwritten, and analyzed according to the "Klaizi" method. The obtained categories included drowning in work (subcategories of the spread of awakened parental feelings to all existence and suffering from children's pains), opportunity for growth (subcategories of opportunity for spiritual growth, care as raising children, opportunity for personal growth and taking caregiving seriously), and main categories of problems of upstream systems (subcategories of problems caused by the macro-social system and problems of the welfare organization system) and problems caused by the nature of the work (with subcategories of working with injured children and communication management difficulty). The experiences of caregivers participating in this study indicated that the job of caretaking, especially with such an audience, is a sensitive situation and easily goes beyond the job and involves all aspects of the caregiver's life. Therefore, supporting the caregivers is inevitable.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting lockdowns triggered social discontent on an unprecedented scale. Descriptive phenomenological studies showed that pregnant women were under intense stress during the COVID-19 outbreak, even though they remained uninfected. The purpose of this study was to report on the experiences of pregnant women affected by mild COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods In this non- interventional qualitative study, we analyzed pregnant women’s experiences using an interpretive phenomenological analysis approach. We conducted semi-structured interviews with women who had had a mild COVID-19 during their pregnancy, and gave birth or planned to give birth in the maternity units of Sorbonne University in Paris, France. Results Participants reported that at the time they had COVID-19, they were not afraid of being seriously ill, but of transmitting COVID-19 to their close relatives. Their main concern was being pregnant and becoming a parent in a world where the pandemic deeply altered social environment. This included uncertainty about the future and an acute feeling of isolation related to lockdown. The idea that their partner might not be allowed to attend childbirth was almost unanimously felt as intolerable. In contrast, women had positive feelings regarding the fact that lockdown resulted in a de facto paternity leave leading to a certain degree of equality in the couple regarding baby care and household chores. Unexpectedly, the pandemic social distancing measures helped participants escaping from behavioral constraints, including the unspoken rule that they should welcome greetings from friends and family, despite being exhausted by the recent birth. Conclusions Our results suggest that avoiding separation from their partner is a key to benevolent medical care for pregnant women in times of health crises. The unexpected benefits women reported in a world of lockdown cast a new light on their expectation regarding parenthood today.

As smart structures are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in our daily life, the need for efficient modeling electromechanical coupling devices is also rapidly advancing. Smart structures are often made of piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which exhibits strong nonlinear behavior known as hysteresis effect under a large applied electric field. There have been numerous modeling techniques that are able to capture such an effect; some techniques are suitable for obtaining physical insights into the micro-structure of the material, while other techniques are better-suited to practical structural analyses. In this paper, we aim to achieve the latter. We propose a simplified phenomenological macroscopic model of a nonlinear ferroelectric actuator. The assumption is based on the direct relation between the irreversible strain and irreversible electric field, and the consequently irreversible polarization. The proposed model is then implemented in a finite element framework, in which the main features such as local return mapping and the tangent moduli are derived. The outcomes of the model are compared and validated with experimental data. Therefore, the development presented in this paper can be a useful tool for the modeling of nonlinear ferroelectric actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is known as one of the most challenging periods in human life, which brings many emotional, social and even educational crises. This course can be faced with more challenges and sufferings for teenagers who are intellectual disability, so the purpose of this research was to explain the lived experience of the challenges of intellectual disability teenagers. The research population included all boys with intellectual disability in the preprofessional and vocational schools of Kashan who were studying in the academic year 1402-1401, among them 9 people were targeted for Research were selected. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the 7-step Colaizzi method. The results indicated the extraction of 3 main themes and 9 secondary themes. The main themes are: 1- social challenge (1- job and career future and worry about it, 2- free time, 3- shame and embarrassment of recognition, 4- concern about marriage), 2- individual challenge (1- acceptance) The negatives were 2- positive acceptance, 3- diseases and the need for medicine, 4- financial independence), 3- family challenges (1- family attitude) which were examined in detail in the research. According to the results, it was determined that it is necessary to deal with the problems and challenges of intellectual disability teenagers, and therefore, providing support and educational services for teenagers and their families can reduce their problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While science and logic are incredible intellectual endeavors, and while reductionist methodologies have led to advances in knowledge, these methods do not tell the whole story of life, world, and reality. There are real phenomena that, due to their experiential and holistic nature, cannot be properly quantified over by limiting oneself to science, logic, or reductive means of explanation and description. Attempting to understand the world and the human condition requires a plethora of epistemic pursuits to more fully quantify over the plurality of phenomena. Existential meaning is, I argue, an experiential and holistic phenomenon, and as such it cannot be quantified over by reductive endeavors, pure logic, or scientific inquiry. Meaning emerges through the relation of a complex structure (human) in relation to the world, and it exists as an irreducible embodied and embedded experience.

Objective: The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the lived experiences of senior high school girls from the challenge of removing hijab on the way to school. Method: it was based on qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method. A semi-structured interview was used to collect the data and thematic analysis was used to analyze the research data. Findings: In this study, ten general themes were placed in three central dimensions, including the incorrect perception of the value of the hijab, resorting to the value of the hijab, and inducing the thinking that the hijab hinders freedom. Also, the dimensions of cultural, social and personal and family contexts based on the facilitation of the phenomenon of hijab and the dimensions of being understood instead of being rejected, the lack of explanation and the desired enlightenment as well as neglecting practical models and sloganeering based on the fact that the phenomenon of hijab is inhibiting were identified. Conclusion: based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that facing the challenge of removing hijab by students on the way to school requires a change in the view of executive bodies on hijab, and it is necessary to avoid taking superficial positions and hasty approaches. It must be replaced by explanation and enlightenment. There is also a need to create culture in the context of the real needs of students and the young generation by the general public and beneficiaries, and to use the potential of social, educational, media and even political institutions. If the existing procedure regarding the phenomenon of students' hijab and the young generation continues and the process of facing it is neglected, It will cause a deeper gap in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: One of the most important factors in adolescents' psychological and behavioral characteristics is how they perceive the relationship with parents. This qualitative study was conducted with the aim of phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of adaptive and maladapted adolescents from the perception of the parent-child relationship. Method: The participants of this study were among the adolescents in the age group of 13 to 19 who were selected based on purpose. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview, which after interviewing 20 people, the participants' responses were saturated. In this study, 115 codes related to research objectives were identified using open coding method. Results: The results showed that adaptive and maladaptive adolescents' perceptions of the parent-child relationship were identified in 6 main themes. Negative perceptions of self, negative perceptions of parents, and negative perceptions of the interactions of the three main themes of maladaptive adolescents and the other three main themes; Positive perceptions of self, positive perceptions of parents, and positive perceptions of interactions related to adaptive adolescents were extracted. Conclusion: The results showed that adaptive adolescents reported more positive perceptions of themselves in relation to parents and also had a more positive and fruitful view of parents and communicating with them, in contrast to maladapted adolescents in interaction with parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social science and religious studies scholars should endeavor to broaden theories, methods, and samples to be more inclusive. Therefore, we have conducted an "equity audit" of the American Families of Faith (AFF) project. We evaluated the diversity, equity, and inclusion of the AFF project's (a) research team, (b) products, and (c) samples. We then discuss the reasoning behind the decisions that resulted in the existing strengths and limitations of the project, the fruits of this and previous evaluations (including a presentation of some narrative accounts from parents and youths across several religious-ethnic communities across the US), opportunities for growth, and future directions for the AFF project and conclude with some thoughts on what other researchers might gain from this audit. Previous reviews have found a lack of diversity among scholars and samples in the field of psychology. Much needs to be done to create truly representative science. We subsequently conducted a diversity, equity, and inclusion audit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to share our perspectives on the key influences of lifespan religious and spiritual development as scholars from across the lifespan (i.e., the four authors are from different generations, including Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Gen Z). Our perspectives are heavily influenced by our combined 60+ years of research experience in examining the connections between religion and family life. Our discussion is organized around Bronfenbrenner's bioecological framework and the process-person-context-time model. Within this framework, the key factors we discuss that influence religious/spiritual development include (a) process (i.e., person-religion mismatch and family processes), (b) person (i.e., age, gender/sexual orientation, mental health, personal agency, and experience), (c) context (i.e., home environment, culture, and community), and (d) time (i.e., historical events and the duration of proximal processes). Where possible, we highlight underrepresented religious and ethnic groups. The key domains that we discuss that are influenced by religious/spiritual development include individual and relational outcomes. Finally, we suggest meaningful directions for future research. Given the significant contemporary dynamism in spiritual and religious identity and involvement, in this article, we discuss research and theory that can inform and assist scholars, religious leaders, parents, as well as youth and emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Church, as an institution, has pioneered ground-breaking interventions, although some of these interventions were also a vehicle for imperial colonisation. Through its missionary activities, the Church has exercised such a form of power over its flock. This article intends to analyse the extent of the knowledge that pastors in Thulamela Municipality, Limpopo Province, have concerning HIV/AIDS and the prejudices associated with the illness. The article applies a qualitative approach in ascertaining the extent of such knowledge as well as the pastoral approaches utilised. In this qualitative phenomenological study, the authors explored the knowledge of these pastors regarding HIV/AIDS. A semi-structured interview guide was used to direct the collection of data. Following thematic analysis, the knowledge of pastors regarding HIV/AIDS emerged as the theme of the study. The findings revealed that difficulties relating to providing pastoral care to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) were exacerbated by a lack of knowledge and limited training offered to pastors. The article will further argue that there is a need for a partnership between the churches and public health services. Contribution: This article strives to expose biblical discourse exhibited by pastors because of a lack of theological formation and to suggest a way forward in collaborating the church as a religious institution and public health institution for combating HIV/AIDS.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting lockdowns triggered social discontent on an unprecedented scale. Descriptive phenomenological studies showed that pregnant women were under intense stress during the COVID-19 outbreak, even though they remained uninfected. The purpose of this study was to report on the experiences of pregnant women affected by mild COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: In this non- interventional qualitative study, we analyzed pregnant women's experiences using an interpretive phenomenological analysis approach. We conducted semi-structured interviews with women who had had a mild COVID-19 during their pregnancy, and gave birth or planned to give birth in the maternity units of Sorbonne University in Paris, France. Results: Participants reported that at the time they had COVID-19, they were not afraid of being seriously ill, but of transmitting COVID-19 to their close relatives. Their main concern was being pregnant and becoming a parent in a world where the pandemic deeply altered social environment. This included uncertainty about the future and an acute feeling of isolation related to lockdown. The idea that their partner might not be allowed to attend childbirth was almost unanimously felt as intolerable. In contrast, women had positive feelings regarding the fact that lockdown resulted in a de facto paternity leave leading to a certain degree of equality in the couple regarding baby care and household chores. Unexpectedly, the pandemic social distancing measures helped participants escaping from behavioral constraints, including the unspoken rule that they should welcome greetings from friends and family, despite being exhausted by the recent birth. Conclusions: Our results suggest that avoiding separation from their partner is a key to benevolent medical care for pregnant women in times of health crises. The unexpected benefits women reported in a world of lockdown cast a new light on their expectation regarding parenthood today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guyana has the highest rate of suicide in the Western Hemisphere. Despite this statistic, a wide gap exists in the literature regarding the exploration of mental wellness in this population. This article shares the first phase in a phenomenological study in which we explored the lived experiences of 30 Guyanese American individuals to understand how mental health is perceived. The analysis of the data revealed that participants initially perceived mental health as negative and then transitioned to a positive perception of mental health. We discuss how these perceptions affect the lived experience of the participants and present recommendations for counselors and counselor educators assisting Guyanese Americans in cultivating mental wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research into homelessness has tended to focus on the demography, survival needs and socio-economic profile of the homeless, almost exclusively adopting the quantitative method. This qualitative study aimed to explore the subjective experience of homelessness from the perspective of one hundred four participants in Kolkata, who had been homeless for several years. Participants were asked to give their accounts during in-depth interviews. The subsequent transcripts were analysed using phenomenological analysis, where superordinate themes were identified: the impact of homelessness and surviving homelessness. Results illustrated that homelessness is impacting self-esteem and feelings of helplessness, insecurity, despair, pain and loss of willingness to work are represented through the narratives of their everyday lives. Participants also revealed their enduring hardships and overcoming adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While virtual care services existed prior to the emergence of COVID-19, the pandemic catalyzed a rapid transition from in-person to virtual care service delivery across the Canadian health care system. Virtual care includes synchronous or asynchronous delivery of health care services through video visits, telephone visits, or secure messaging. Patient advisors are people with patient and caregiving experiences who collaborate within the health care system to share insights and experiences in order to improve health care. Objective: This study aimed to understand patient advisors' perceptions related to virtual care and potential impacts on health care quality. Methods: We adopted a phenomenological approach, whereby we interviewed 20 participants who were patient advisors across Canada using a semistructured interview protocol. The protocol was developed by content experts and medical education researchers. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Data collection stopped once thematic saturation was reached. The study was conducted at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. We recruited 20 participants from 5 Canadian provinces (17 female participants and 3 male participants). Results: Six themes were identified: (1) characteristics of effective health care, (2) experiences with virtual care, (3) modality preferences, (4) involvement of others, (5) risks associated with virtual care encounters, and (6) vulnerable populations. Participants reported that high-quality health care included building relationships and treating patients holistically. In general, participants described positive experiences with virtual care during the pandemic, including greater efficiency, increased accessibility, and that virtual care was less stressful and more patient centered. Participants comparing virtual care with in-person care reported that time, scheduling, and content of interactions were similar across modalities. However, participants also shared the perception that certain modalities were more appropriate for specific clinical encounters (eg, prescription renewals and follow-up appointments). Perspectives related to the involvement of family members and medical trainees were positive. Potential risks included miscommunication, privacy concerns, and inaccurate patient assessments. All participants agreed that stakeholders should be proactive in applying strategies to support vulnerable patients. Participants also recommended education for patients and providers to improve virtual care delivery. Conclusions: Participant-reported experiences of virtual care encounters were relatively positive. Future work could focus on delivering training and resources for providers and patients. While initial experiences are positive, there is a need for ongoing stakeholder engagement and evaluation to improve patient and caregiver experiences with virtual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While science and logic are incredible intellectual endeavors, and while reductionist methodologies have led to advances in knowledge, these methods do not tell the whole story of life, world, and reality. There are real phenomena that, due to their experiential and holistic nature, cannot be properly quantified over by limiting oneself to science, logic, or reductive means of explanation and description. Attempting to understand the world and the human condition requires a plethora of epistemic pursuits to more fully quantify over the plurality of phenomena. Existential meaning is, I argue, an experiential and holistic phenomenon, and as such it cannot be quantified over by reductive endeavors, pure logic, or scientific inquiry. Meaning emerges through the relation of a complex structure (human) in relation to the world, and it exists as an irreducible embodied and embedded experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study uses a strengths-based lens to explore the resilience narratives of five Holocaust survivors and their perspectives on experiences of resilience during and after the Holocaust. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), transcripts of one to one-and-a-half hour interviews were analyzed by a team of three researchers. Overarching emergent themes of meaning included: Definition of Resilience, Adversities, Attitude After Overcoming Adversity, Method of Resilience, Adhering to Cultural Values, and Beliefs About Others' Experience of Resilience. Subthemes and tertiary categories also evolved and are discussed. Findings are interpreted with the acknowledgement of systemic oppression and overcoming, including participants' development of critical consciousness (Freire, 1975/2000), both relevant to the interpretation of recovery from human-created oppression through a social justice lens. Implications for current societal circumstances and issues are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify the causes of malcalligraphye and its solutions. The advances in technology do not reduce handwriting and writing. This research was conducted with the aim of application and quality and in the form of interpretative phenomenology. For this purpose, thirty elementary school teachers in Tehran in 2020 were interviewed to be saturated. The statistical population in this study is elementary school teachers in Tehran whose subjects (20 males and 10 females) were selected using criterion sampling. Then, the interviews were analyzed and coded according to Dickelman's method. The factors of misbehavior and strategies for improvement were investigated. The strategy of data validation was also conducted with the members. The research examines the factors of misbehavior and its solutions from the teachers' perspective and forms the classification of educational, psychological and physical factors with the categories related to the student, related to the families and related issues. The result of the study shows that all three factors teachers, students and family are involved in this problem, which requires the efforts and cooperation of all factors. From the research results, it is also found that psychological factors such as anxiety and stress play an important role in this problem, and solving psychological problems and persuading and coaxing students can play an important role in improving students' handwriting.

Digital storytelling is an important component of early childhood education (ECE) because it can help capture and expand their imagination. The purpose of this study was to explain early childhood teachers' beliefs about the use of digital storytelling in their classrooms. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Phenomenological methods are used to understand and describe these phenomena and the essence of ECE teachers' experiences. The results showed that the experience of ECE teachers in learning using digital storytelling in the classroom had many benefits in improving the quality of learning. This study provides guidelines for ECE teachers on how technology can be integrated into children's learning activities using digital storytelling. The results of this study can also contribute to teachers to better understand the impact of using such technology to improve the development of technological literacy in early childhood education.

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a negative impact on the psychological and mental wellbeing of healthcare workers. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the psychological and emotional challenges that healthcare workers experienced when they contracted COVID-19.An interpretative phenomenological approach was undertaken. In-depth interviews were used to collect data virtually from ten purposefully sampled healthcare workers.The findings of the study revealed that participants experienced negative emotions, overwhelming stress as a result of poor communication of COVID-19 results, self-blame in contracting the infection, fear of dying from COVID-19, infecting others, and reinfection. Furthermore, psychological distress related to uncertainty regarding COVID-19 infection/recovery, uncertainty worsened by lack of institutional support resulting in stress, confusion, shock and frustration. Lastly, stigma and discrimination related to COVID-19 infection were common experiences and were evidenced by rejection by colleagues, stigmatisation of families, and fear of disclosure of the positive COVID-19 results.In conclusion, emphasis is placed on providing comprehensive, differentiated psychosocial support to the healthcare workers who have contracted COVID-19 to enhance their mental wellbeing during and after the pandemic.

Background: The anaesthetic workforce is a scarce resource in South Africa (SA), and the media frequently reports that anaesthetists are leaving the country in search of better opportunities in well-resourced countries. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing the migration intentions of South African anaesthetists. Methods: This study utilised a qualitative methodology in the form of virtual interviews. A total of 23 interviews were conducted on purposefully selected participants using a snowball approach. The interviews were transcribed and coded into emerging themes using MAXQDA version 2022. Thematic content analysis was subsequently performed. Results: The study found that all SA-based participants were considering emigrating, while those who had already emigrated had no plans to return to SA in the near future. Push factors prompted the consideration of emigration, and these were related to unsatisfactory living and working conditions in South Africa, such as a high level of crime and corruption, and the country's overall poor resources and infrastructure. Destination countries were chosen based on their pull factors such as better working conditions and opportunities for professional growth. These pull factors frequently outweighed South Africa's push factors and are therefore critical in the decision to emigrate. The main recommendations from the participants include facilitating collaboration between the public and private sectors, expanding the available sub-specialties in SA, and recognising fellowships in South African hospitals. The study participants were of the view that South African anaesthesiologists would be motivated to stay by a combination of patriotism and hope for the future. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations: The Anaesthetic workforce in South Africa is at critical risk and is unlikely to stabilise soon. Concerted efforts should be made by all concerned to explore ways of retaining the staff, considering the recommendations of the participants. Relevant key stakeholders in training and regulation of anaesthetics practice such as the Health Professions Council of South Africa, South African Society of Anaesthesiologists, and the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa should collaborate and prioritise mechanisms of monitoring emigration and intervening on modifiable professional and socio-political factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Breast cancer is a multidimensional crisis for women and their spouses that affects every aspect of their life. Coping with this disease requires investigating and resolving the challenges faced by all those affected by it. The present study was conducted to clarify these challenges on the basis of lived experiences of the spouses of women with breast cancer. Method: The present qualitative research performed an interpretive phenomenological analysis in Iran. Purposive sampling was employed to select twenty spouses of women with breast cancer. The data collected through unstructured face-to-face interviews were analyzed using van Manen's method. To ensure the rigor of the study, Lincoln and Guba's criteria were evaluated in the qualitative process. Results: Lived experiences of the spouses of the women with breast cancer in coping with challenges included the four themes of emotional confusion, shouldering the burden of care, psychophysical suffering caused by the disease and life without cohesion. Conclusion: Spouses of the women with breast cancer in the Iranian community faced several challenges and issues. The socioeconomic support provided by supporting organizations and medical personnel appear to help moderate these challenges and improve coping in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma is pervasive in the clinical world of counseling. The current literature indicates adverse effects for survivors of a traumatic event and the counselors listening to the details of traumatic events, but there is a gap in research on the adverse effects trauma in counseling has on supervisors. This study aims to understand the lived experiences of supervisors who have dealt with traumatic experiences in clinical work through interviews with current supervisors of those who work with trauma. The results indicate trauma-informed supervision consists of trauma taking many forms, supervisors (and counselors) using the self in their work, supervisors knowing their stance, and developing a “third eye” as a new way of seeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric hospitals and centers have more complex conditions than other hospitals in responding to emergencies, given the differences in the design of their buildings and in non-structural elements. This is a qualitative study aimed at reviewing and investigating the experiences and challenges faced by psychiatric hospital staff in response to different fire incidents. A phenomenological approach was employed to conduct the study, believing that human experiences and beliefs are substances in phenomena and can be understood and examined. The contents of interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were extracted and classified into five categories, 14 themes, and 49 sub-categories. Many psychiatric hospitals in Iran are not ready to respond properly to incidents like fires. The study revealed that in order to ensure appropriate management of incidents and disasters in the hospitals, it is necessary to focus on five areas called the 5s framework, which includes structures, staff, supplies (facilities, equipment etc.), sick persons and systems. This framework is proposed to enhance preparedness, reduce vulnerability, and provoke an effective response to incidents in psychiatric hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tafesse Lamaro Abota,1,2 Fikre Enqueselassie Gashe2 ,† Negussie Deyessa Kabeta2 1Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, South West Ethiopia; 2School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia†Professor Fikre Enqueselassie Gashe passed away on October 28, 2019.Correspondence: Tafesse Lamaro Abota Email lamaro.tafesse@yahoo.comObjective: Perinatal intimate partner violence affects the health and safety of postpartum women and their infants. However, it has not been well recognized and addressed in the study setting. Hence, this study aimed to explore postpartum women’s lived experiences of perinatal intimate partner violence and its contributing factors in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A phenomenological study approach was used to explore postpartum women’s lived experiences of perinatal partner violence from January to March 2020. A total of twenty-two postnatal women and five health extension workers (HEWs) were interviewed. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim in local languages, and then translated into English. Data were analyzed thematically, using deductive and inductive coding. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (CORE-Q) checklist was followed to report the findings.Results: Results indicated that postpartum women had experienced recurrent violence before, during, and after pregnancy from their husbands, with 16 out of 22 women being subjected to perinatal intimate partner violence. A majority of the participants delineated their exposure to perinatal physical violence next to perinatal psychological violence. Many of the interviewed women noted that violence during pregnancy was exacerbated and increased during postpartum. Moreover, the interviewees revealed that some partners were not only a serious threat to their wives, but also their infants during the postpartum period. Four of the participants stated that their newborns were hit and thrown by their father and became unconscious. Participants linked husbands’ perinatal violence with suspicion about the newborn, male-child preference, partner infidelity and jealousy, contraceptives usage, alcohol consumptions, indifference to shortages on household necessities, improper parenting, and financial problems.Conclusion: This study highlights that postpartum women are experiencing continuous and severe forms of perinatal IPV in the study setting. Thus, community-level interventions that minimize perinatal partner violence against postnatal women and their infants are needed.Keywords: postpartum women, perinatal, violence, phenomenological, Ethiopia

Objective: Breast cancer is a multidimensional crisis for women and their spouses that affects every aspect of their life. Coping with this disease requires investigating and resolving the challenges faced by all those affected by it. The present study was conducted to clarify these challenges on the basis of lived experiences of the spouses of women with breast cancer. Method: The present qualitative research performed an interpretive phenomenological analysis in Iran.Purposive sampling was employed to select twenty spouses of women with breast cancer. The data collected through unstructured face-to-face interviews were analyzed using van Manen’s method. To ensure the rigor of the study, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were evaluated in the qualitative process. Results: Lived experiences of the spouses of the women with breast cancer in coping with challenges included the four themes of emotional confusion, shouldering the burden of care, psychophysical suffering caused by the disease and life without cohesion. Conclusion: Spouses of the women with breast cancer in the Iranian community faced several challenges and issues. The socioeconomic support provided by supporting organizations and medical personnel appear to help moderate these challenges and improve coping in this group.

The present paper is a practical supplement to an earlier theoretical work by the author, published in a preceding issue, on methodological foundations of the European philosophizing in the aspect of sophical synthesis. Building upon understanding of general philosophical methodologies (methodological attitudes) and their ‘epochal’ implementations as presented there, the author makes use of a cross-cutting example, to show ‘zones of responsibility’ and onto-gnoseo-epistemological limits for every mentioned ‘way towards the thing.’ Six marker packages (by the number of methodologies and variants of sophical viz. life-knowledge synthesis) should be of special professional interest as proposed by the author to identify methodological attitudes and ‘edge’ cases ranging from Antiquity to nowadays. Validity of each and all of these packages has been illustrated with proper textual material, i. e. fragments from essays by renowned European philosophers. In § 1, the naturalistic methodological attitude is considered, as focused on the proper vital aspect of sophical synthesis; its characteristic reliance on experience, fact, belief, opinion, and authority, and thereby on the rhetorical aspect of philosophizing, is explained. In § 2, the phenomenological methodological attitude is considered, as focused on the proper knowledge aspect of sophical synthesis; its characteristic reliance on knowledge and sense beyond any non-essential per se factual ways things are given, is explained. In § 3, the transcendental methodological attitude is considered, as focused on the synthesis of knowledge and life by means of knowledge in the aspect of logos of the logos per se; its characteristic reliance on sense being a sense in the making, and on fact as the bearer of a sense, with their integration in a common logical-conceptual thing structure, is explained. In § 4, the dialectic methodological attitude is considered, as focused on the synthesis of knowledge and life by means of knowledge in the aspect of logos of the eidos; its characteristic reliance on intelligent thing as a unit of sense and a product of senseful self-development wherein not only the thing is posited, but the entire otherness as defined by it as well, is explained. In § 5, the mythological methodological attitude is considered, as focused on the synthesis of knowledge and life in the aspect of their integral arrangement as vivid mind; its characteristic reliance on intelligent thing as a real and self-evident in its unicity live being, is explained. In § 6, the hermeneutical (= onomatological and overall symbolic) methodological attitude, as focused on the synthesis of knowledge and life in the aspect of its naming as an intelligent expression of thing for the other; its characteristic reliance on the name and text as a full expression of sense and a full knowledge of fact being revealed in the truth of thing, is explained.