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RESUMEN La raza Holstein es la que más contribuye a la producción láctea en Ecuador. Sin embargo, no existen datos de parámetros genéticos que describan las características de los hatos lecheros del país. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la variabilidad genética de bovinos registrados de la raza Holstein en el cantón Cuenca, Ecuador. Para ello se analizaron los marcadores microsatélites CSRM60, INRA083, CSSM66, ETH3, HEL9, TGLA53, BM1818, LSTS006, BM2113, ETH225, TGLA122, ETH10, TGLA227, INRA032 y SPS115 en 52 bovinos, de acuerdo a lo sugerido por la FAO para la caracterización genética de poblaciones de animales domésticos. Se encontró en promedio 8,4 ± 1,88 alelos y una frecuencia de 0,08 ± 0,056 de alelos nulos. Los valores de heterocigosidad observada y esperada alcanzaron 0,68 ± 0,13 y 0,82 ± 0,07, respectivamente. El contenido de información polimórfica osciló entre 0,70 y 0,88, y el coeficiente de endogamia varió entre -0,38 y 0,45. De los 15 locis analizados, solamente el CSSM66 presentó equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, y 4 de ellos mostraron un alto nivel de endogamia. Se concluye que los loci estudiados muestran una alta variabilidad genética y alto polimorfismo. Esto ofrece amplia información para los estudios de paternidad e identidad. No obstante, de acuerdo al nivel de consanguinidad debe considerarse la selección de una alta diversidad de toros para los programas de inseminación artificial. ABSTRACT Holstein cattle account for most of the dairy production in Ecuador. However, there are no data on genetic parameters that describe the characteristics of the country's dairy herds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of registered Holstein cattle in Cuenca district, Ecuador. For this, the microsatellite markers CSRM60, INRA083, CSSM66, ETH3, HEL9, TGLA53, BM1818, LSTS006, BM2113, ETH225, TGLA122, ETH10, TGLA227, INRA032 and SPS115 were analyzed in 52 bovines, according to the guidelines on genetic characterization of domestic animal species suggested by FAO. It was found an average of 8.4 ± 1.88 alleles and a frequency of 0.08 ± 0.056 of null alleles. The observed and expected heterozygosity values reached 0.68 ± 0.13 and 0.82 ± 0.07, respectively. The polymorphic information content ranged between 0.70 and 0.88, while the inbreeding coefficient varied between -0.38 and 0.45. Of the 15 loci analyzed, only CSSM66 had a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and 4 of them showed a high level of inbreeding. It is concluded that the loci studied show high genetic variability and polymorphism. This provides ample information for paternity and identity studies. However, according to the consanguinity level, high genetic diversity should be considered when selecting bulls for artificial insemination programs.

Maternal supplementation with hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenol present in olive leaves and fruits, is a highly promising strategy to improve the oxidative and metabolic status of fetuses at risk of intrauterine growth restriction, which may diminish the appearance of low-birth-weight neonates. The present study aimed to determine whether hydroxytyrosol, by preventing lipid peroxidation, may influence the fat accretion and energy homeostasis in the liver, as well as the fatty acid composition in the liver and muscle. The results indicate that hydroxytyrosol treatment significantly decreased the energy content of the fetal liver, without affecting fat accretion, and caused significant changes in the availability of fatty acids. There were significant increases in the amount of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6, which are highly important for adequate fetal tissue development. However, there were increases in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and the desaturation index, which make further studies necessary to determine possible effects on the pro/anti-inflammatory status of the fetuses., The experimental work was supported by funds from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project AGL2013–48121-C3-R and AGL2016–79321-C2–2-R), co-funded by FEDER. MVG, CGC, ZP and AHM were backed by the Spanish Government (MVG: FPU National Program Grant Number FPU014/01285. CGC: FPI National Program Grant Number BES-2014-070464. ZP and AHM: FPI National Program Grant Number BES-2017-081486 and BES-2017-080541, respectively).

This paper presents an improved tool for data validation and reconstruction of flowmeters. These sensors are installed in the Catalonia regional water network from Barcelona (Spain). Here a new time series model with exogenous variable is proposed with excellent results for data validation. It is postulated that the integration of the electronics alarms, along with other tests about the daily data accumulated and a later analysis of the data reconstruction allow to improve the results of the existing tools. This is accomplished by decreasing the false alarms and missing alarms of more than 6000 hourly data retrieved from more than 200 flowmeters each day. This new tool provides reliable information daily reliable information of the state of the water network. This information could potentially contribute to optimally control and manage this large and complex water network.