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Large-scale application of new energies is a major approach to achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. Conducting research on the safety risk prevention and control strategy of new energy application helps in the establishment of a monitoring, risk prevention, and guarantee system for new energy application and promotes the high-quality development of related industries. Currently, new energy application in China involves various types of emerging infrastructures and faces challenges such as complex causes of safety accidents, incomplete understanding of safety risks, inadequate safety prevention and control technology systems, and lagging construction of a safety regulatory system. This study analyzes the current status and safety situation of new energy application in China and delves into the safety risk prevention and control issues faced by new energy application infrastructures such as charging/swapping stations, energy storage stations, hydrogen fuelling stations, and integrated energy stations. It also summarizes the current situation and experiences abroad regarding safety risk prevention and control. To establish a comprehensive system for preventing and controlling safety accidents before, during, and after they occur, and to enhance the safety risk management and regulatory capabilities of all stakeholders, this study constructs a strategic framework for safety risk prevention and control for new energy application. It clarifies the key tasks in terms of management and technology development and proposes medium- to long-term engineering and technological support projects. Furthermore, we propose development suggestions in terms of top-level design, governance standards, regulatory platforms, technological research and development, talent cultivation, and ecological co-construction, thus to promote the safety research and application of new energies.

The development of hydrogen industry is crucial for realizing the green and low-carbon transformation of terminal energy consumption. The efficiency of hydrogen transportation is key to the development of hydrogen industry. Blending hydrogen in natural gas pipelines can improve the scale and efficiency of hydrogen distribution in a short period of time, and it provides a solution for expanding the scale of hydrogen application. Based on defining the industrial chain of hydrogen blending in natural gas pipelines, the paper discusses the values of developing the blending industry in terms of promoting the hydrogen industry, resolving renewable energy consumption, ensuring energy supply security, realizing the deep carbon reduction of terminal energy consumption, and encouraging energy technology innovation. Moreover, the paper summarizes the international progress and domestic current status of the blending industry. It unravels key issues regarding the hydrogen blending proportion, adaptability of pipes and terminal equipment, and their safety use and technical economy. Furthermore, we propose the following suggestions: (1) strengthening the toplevel design, (2) building a standards system for safety supervision as well as technology and operation management of hydrogen blending in natural gas pipelines, (3) actively deploying demonstration projects through multi-participation, and (4) exploring diversified application scenarios and business models, thereby cultivating a sustainable industrial ecosystem to steadily promote the scaled development of the industry.

The geological hidden disaster-causing bodies such as small-scale faults and collapsed columns may destroy the continuity of the coal seam, which will lead to accidents such as gas outburst and water outburst in the air mining area, and seriously threaten the coal mining safety.Traditional seismic exploration methods are mainly involved with reflected waves that have a limited resolution and cannot effectively identify them.A multi-parameter sparse optimization diffraction separation method in the shot domain is proposed that is based on curvelet sparse transformation and plane-wave decomposition.It can solve the problem of diffraction separation in the interfering or tangency cases and the separated diffractions have a waveform consistency and integrity.The 3D numerical modeling and simulation test results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the shielding effect of strong reflections, separate the complete diffracted/scattered wave, and improve the imaging accuracy of fault edges and scattering points, where the imaging features of polarity reversal can be used to distinguish different types of small-scale geological structures.The field data of Shanxi Yang Erkuang coal mine confirmed that the proposed method can effectively remove the shielding effect of strong reflections from coal seam, and the hyperbolic forms of diffractions in the stacked profile can qualitatively control its reliability.For seismic diffraction interpretation, full-wave field imaging results are generally required to provide a macroscopic geological background and the diffraction imaging results are combined to reveal hidden disaster-induced geological bodies.The diffraction image of collapsed column boundaries and their insider characterization is clearer, and the exhibition of small-scale fractures is more powerful.It is a high-resolution imaging method and has a great potential in detecting hidden disaster geological bodies, which can provide a technical guarantee for coal mine safety and efficient mining in China.

For the prevention of coal and gas outburst hazard during coal mining, a method of high-resolution 3D seismic prediction of coal and gas outburst is established by using the characteristics of large amount of 3D seismic information in coal mines, good lateral continuity of seismic data and small sampling interval, and fusion with borehole logging data in the mining area. In this paper, through laboratory measurement, logging and VSP data analysis of rock elastic characteristics, we can grasp the qualitative and quantitative relationship between coal and rock physical properties parameters and apparent resistivity, natural gamma, gamma gamma, sonic time difference and other logging curves, and logging response characteristics of coal body structure to establish the logging curve recognition model of coal and gas outburst area and method. The high resolution 3d seismic inversion method of coal seam structure constrained by logging curve is researched and developed to realize the fine description of tectonic protruding coal. The three-dimensional three-component converted wave seismic exploration technology in coal mine is studied, and the fast and slow shear waves are separated by the coordinate rotation method, and the development degree of the seam crack is determined by the time difference of the fast and slow shear waves, and the space is precisely located. By studying the variation of seismic wave amplitude in gas-rich blocks, it is found that the seismic amplitude of gas outburst coal seam shows a downward trend with the increase of offset, while the seismic amplitude of non-outburst coal seam shows an upward trend with the increase of offset.

To practice the development concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", and balance mineral development and ecological environment protection, it is urgent to carry out dynamic monitoring and scientific evaluation of the ecological environment in mining areas.Based on the characteristics of the ecological environment in mining areas, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial change characteristics and differences of the ecological environment elements in the mining area, the impact mechanism of the mining and restoration activities on the ecological environment elements, and the cooperative evolution law of each element.Guided by the requirements on ecological environment monitoring and evaluation in mining areas in the new era, a technology framework for quantitative remote sensing-based monitoring and evaluation of the ecological environment in mining areas is proposed from the perspective of 'data-monitoring-evaluation-application'.The framework makes full use of multi-source big data in mining areas with remote sensing images as the main body and takes advantage of the emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantitative remote sensing.This research archives quantitative monitoring and evaluation of the ecological environment elements in the mining areas with the features of high frequency, large-extent, long-term, continuous, all-factor observation and quantitative inversion, which can support the operational applications including mining activity monitoring, ecological environment diagnosis and early warning and restoration effect evaluation in mining areas.Finally, two real-world cases are introduced to illustrate the effectiveness and application flow of the proposed framework.

The organic matter type，abundance of organic matter and maturity of organic matter of hydrocarbon of Shuixigou formation in Shisanjianfang area had been evaluated through the geochemical test data.A hydrocarbon expulsion mode of the study area has been established by hydrocarbon-generated potential method, and the hydrocarbon expulsion characteristics has been determined.The result show that, the northwest of the study area with the thick source rock, the thickness between 350-600 m，the average is 480 m.Higher abundance of organic matter and the thermal evolution stage is between maturation to high maturation, the organic matter types mainly for class Ⅱ and Ⅲ, has a certain hydrocarbon-generating potential.The expulsion threshold depth of coal petrography in the Shuixigou Ground of the study area is 2 000 m, and the biggest hydrocarbon expulsion rate is 530 mg/g.In the 2 500 m, quickly reaching the peak of hydrocarbon expulsion, and the biggest hydrocarbon expulsion rate is 150 mg/(g·hm).The expulsion threshold depth of coaly mudstones in the Shuixigou Ground of the study area is 2 200 m, and the biggest hydrocarbon expulsion rate is 320 mg/g.In the 2 800 m, quickly reaching the peak of hydrocarbon expulsion, indicating that the study area has certain exploration potential.These research results have certain reference significance of the hydrocarbon expulsion study for the area which has the similar geological conditions.

The underground detection environment in coal mines is complex, with numerous interference sources. Traditional ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods suffer from limited detection range, high noise levels, and weak deep signals, making it extremely difficult to accurately identify geological structures without stable feature feedback. During research, it was found that the detection energy of the same target significantly changes with the antenna direction. Based on this phenomenon, this paper proposes a geological radar advanced detection method using spatial scanning. This method overcomes constraints imposed by the underground coal mine environment on detection equipment, enhancing both detection range and accuracy compared to traditional approaches. Experiments using this method revealed pea-shaped response characteristics of planar geological structures in radar images, and the mechanisms behind their formation were analyzed. Additionally, this paper studied the changes in response characteristics under changes in target inclination, providing a basis for understanding the spatial distribution of geological structures. Finally, application experiments in underground coal mine environments explored the practical potential of this method. Results indicate that, compared to drilling data, this method achieves identification accuracies of 91.88%, 90.42%, and 78.72% for the depth and spatial extent of geological structures, providing effective technical support for coal mining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the detection accuracy of soil structure and moisture content in reconstituted soils under complex conditions, this study utilizes a 400 MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to examine a study area consisting of loess, sandy loam, red clay, and mixed soil. The research involves analyzing the single-channel waveforms and two-dimensional images of GPR, preprocessing the data, obtaining envelope information via amplitude envelope detection, and performing a Hilbert transformation. This study employs a least squares fitting approach to the instantaneous phase envelope to ascertain the thickness of various soil layers. By utilizing the average envelope amplitude (AEA) method, a correlation between the radar's early signal amplitude envelope and the soil's shallow dielectric constant is established to invert the moisture content of the soil. The analysis integrates soil structure and moisture distribution data to investigate soil structure characteristics and moisture content performance under diverse soil properties and depths. The findings indicate that the envelope detection method effectively identifies stratification boundaries across different soil types; the AEA method is particularly efficacious in inverting the moisture content of reconstituted soils up to 3 m deep, with an average relative error ranging from 2.81% to 7.41%. Notably, moisture content variations in stratified reconstituted soils are more pronounced than those in mixed soil areas, displaying a marked stepwise increase with depth. The moisture content trends in the vertical direction of the same soil profile are generally consistent. This research offers a novel approach to studying reconstituted soils under complex conditions, confirming the viability of the envelope detection and AEA methods for intricate soil investigations and broadening the application spectrum of GPR in soil studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mining has a certain influence on and causes disturbances in groundwater. To investigate the variation trend of groundwater around the open-pit mine in grassland area, taking Shengli No. 1 open-pit mine as an example, the impact and variation trend of groundwater level in Quaternary aquifer around the mine area was studied by using the data of hydrological monitoring wells. The results show that the water level around the mining area varies from one year to the next. Since 2008, the water level has experienced a process of reduction, stability and increase. Compared with the background water level value, the current water level of each monitoring well is lower than the background water level. The influence radius calculated by Kusakin formula ranges from 94.15 m to 906.80 m, and the aquifer is heterogeneous. On the basis of the correlations between changes in waterline in monitoring wells and the stope distance, the disturbance radius of open-pit mining on surrounding diving water in grassland area is less than 2000 m. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the alteration of diving waterline and its influencing factors, the main factors affecting the variation in the phreatic water level are atmospheric precipitation, evaporation, groundwater usage and dewatering water. All factors act on the diversification of diving water level synthetically. The internal waste dump of an open-pit mine has a positive effect on the surrounding groundwater recovery. The aim of this study is to reveal the impact of open-pit mining on surrounding groundwater and providing scientific basis for future mining in other open-pit mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium sulfate bone cement (CSC) is extensively used as a bone repair material due to its ability to self-solidify, degradability, and osteogenic ability. However, the fast degradation, low mechanical strength, and insufficient biological activity limit its application. This study used magnesium polyphosphate (MPP) and constructed a composite bone cement composed of calcium sulfate (CS), MPP, tricalcium silicate (C3S), and plasticizer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The optimized CS/MPP/C3S composite bone cement has a suitable setting time of approximately 15.0 min, a compressive strength of 26.6 MPa, and an injectability of about 93%. The CS/MPP/C3S composite bone cement has excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic capabilities; our results showed that cell proliferation is up to 114% compared with the control after 5 days. After 14 days, the expression levels of osteogenic-related genes, including Runx2, BMP2, OCN, OPN, and COL-1, are about 1.8, 2.8, 2.5, 2.2, and 2.2 times higher than those of the control, respectively, while the alkaline phosphatase activity is about 1.7 times higher. Therefore, the CS/MPP/C3S composite bone cement overcomes the limitations of CSC and has more effective potential in bone repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]