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Electrochemically induced deposition or ECiD can be defined as the deposition of compound films on a surface, as the result of chemical reactions in the near surface region between a precursor present in the bulk solution and an electrochemically generated precursor, mediator, or catalyst near that surface. The ECiD process has evolved from an odd curiosity into a thriving new branch in electrodeposition science. The library of materials synthesized by ECiD has been greatly expanded, along with the number of precipitation triggering knobs or tricks. Together with the breadth of possibilities and applications, the science behind the process has also accelerated. This article introduces the principle of the ECiD process for the electrodeposition of oxides, hydroxides, and compounds such as metal phosphates and metal-organic frameworks. The article discusses the mechanisms of these electrochemically induced deposition reactions as well as the pro-bases used to trigger the deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study highlights the first time use of hybrid synergy electrocatalysis to design a cost effective, non-enzymatic ethanol sensor. The nanohybrid has been synthesized by decorating platinum palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt-PdNPs) on graphene nanosheets (G/Pt-PdNPs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements and UV-Vis spectrophotometry have been used to characterize the nanocomposite. An ethanol oxidation current of 332 [micro]A was obtained with the use of G/Pt- PdNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) that is 167 times higher than that of bare GCE in cyclic voltammetry studies with a potential scan rate of 50 mV/s in 0.1 M NaOH as the supporting electrolyte. Chronoamperometry studies have shown a distinct increase in the current for increasing concentration of ethanol with a wide range of linearity extending from 5 mM to 3 M and a detection limit of 1 mM with the use of G/Pt- PdNPs. Quantum mechanical modeling using density functional theory was used to arrive at the minimization energies of G/Pd, G/Pt and G/Pt-Pd in the presence and absence of ethanol. The improved catalytic activity of G/Pt-PdNPs nanocomposite for ethanol detection is on account of the cooperative effects of Pt and PdNPs, coupled with the high conducting nature of graphene. Keywords: ethanol sensor, graphene, palladium, platinum DOI: 10.1134/S1061934818030073, Ethanol determination plays an important role in medicine, forensic science, brewing, food fermentation, beverage industry, clinical laboratory and traffic safety [1]. Therefore development of a sensitive and selective ethanol sensor [...]