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7. Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Wintertime Vitamin D Supplementation on Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Healthy Children.

Author

Aglipay, Mary, Birken, Catherine S, Parkin, Patricia C, Loeb, Mark B, Thorpe, Kevin, Chen, Yang, Laupacis, Andreas, Mamdani, Muhammad, Macarthur, Colin, Hoch, Jeffrey S, Mazzulli, Tony, and Maguire, Jonathon L

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Complementary and Integrative Health, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Pediatric, Prevention, Nutrition, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Infection, Administration, Oral, Child, Preschool, Common Cold, Dietary Supplements, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Influenza, Human, Male, Nose, Respiratory Tract Infections, Virus Diseases, Vitamin D, Vitamins, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

ImportanceEpidemiological studies support a link between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and a higher risk of viral upper respiratory tract infections. However, whether winter supplementation of vitamin D reduces the risk among children is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether high-dose vs standard-dose vitamin D supplementation reduces the incidence of wintertime upper respiratory tract infections in young children.Design, setting, and participantsA randomized clinical trial was conducted during the winter months between September 13, 2011, and June 30, 2015, among children aged 1 through 5 years enrolled in TARGet Kids!, a multisite primary care practice-based research network in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.InterventionsThree hundred forty-nine participants were randomized to receive 2000 IU/d of vitamin D oral supplementation (high-dose group) vs 354 participants who were randomized to receive 400 IU/d (standard-dose group) for a minimum of 4 months between September and May.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of laboratory-confirmed viral upper respiratory tract infections based on parent-collected nasal swabs over the winter months. Secondary outcomes included the number of influenza infections, noninfluenza infections, parent-reported upper respiratory tract illnesses, time to first upper respiratory tract infection, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at study termination.ResultsAmong 703 participants who were randomized (mean age, 2.7 years, 57.7% boys), 699 (99.4%) completed the trial. The mean number of laboratory-confirmed upper respiratory tract infections per child was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.91-1.19) for the high-dose group and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.90-1.16) for the standard-dose group, for a between-group difference of 0.02 (95% CI, -0.17 to 0.21) per child. There was no statistically significant difference in number of laboratory-confirmed infections between groups (incidence rate ratio [RR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.80-1.16). There was also no significant difference in the median time to the first laboratory-confirmed infection: 3.95 months (95% CI, 3.02-5.95 months) for the high-dose group vs 3.29 months (95% CI, 2.66-4.14 months) for the standard-dose group, or number of parent-reported upper respiratory tract illnesses between groups (625 for high-dose vs 600 for standard-dose groups, incidence RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.16). At study termination, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 48.7 ng/mL (95% CI, 46.9-50.5 ng/mL) in the high-dose group and 36.8 ng/mL (95% CI, 35.4-38.2 ng/mL) in the standard-dose group.Conclusions and relevanceAmong healthy children aged 1 to 5 years, daily administration of 2000 IU compared with 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation did not reduce overall wintertime upper respiratory tract infections. These findings do not support the routine use of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in children for the prevention of viral upper respiratory tract infections.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01419262.

Published
2017

13. DO IT Trial: vitamin D Outcomes and Interventions in Toddlers –a TARGet Kids! randomized controlled trial

Author

Maguire, Jonathon L, Birken, Catherine S, Loeb, Mark B, Mamdani, Muhammad, Thorpe, Kevin, Hoch, Jeffrey S, Mazzulli, Tony, Borkhoff, Cornelia M, Macarthur, Colin, and Parkin, Patricia C

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Nutrition, Lung, Pediatric, Prevention, Asthma, Complementary and Integrative Health, Respiratory, Canada, Child, Preschool, Dietary Supplements, Disease Progression, Humans, Infant, Respiratory Tract Infections, Seasons, Treatment Outcome, Vitamin D, Vitamins, Vitamin D deficiency, Vitamin D supplementation, Toddler, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Pediatrics, Paediatrics, Midwifery
Abstract

BackgroundVitamin D levels are alarmingly low (

Published
2014

19. Statistical haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia across the lifecycle

Author

Braat, Sabine, Fielding, Katherine, Han, Jiru, Jackson, Victoria E., Zaloumis, Sophie, Xu, Jessica Xu Hui, Moir-Meyer, Gemma, Blaauwendraad, Sophia M., Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., Gaillard, Romy, Parkin, Patricia C., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Keown-Stoneman, Charles D.G., Birken, Catherine S., Maguire, Jonathon L., Bahlo, Melanie, Davidson, Eliza, and Pasricha, Sant-Rayn

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Detection of anaemia is critical for clinical medicine and public health. Current WHO values that define anaemia are statistical thresholds (5 (th) centile) set over 50 years ago, and are presently

Published
2023

24. Defining Anaemia across the Lifecycle in Healthy Reference Populations: An Analysis for Guideline Development

Author

Fielding, Katherine L, primary, Braat, Sabine, additional, Davidson, Eliza, additional, Moir-Meyer, Gemma, additional, Zaloumis, Sophie, additional, Xu Hui Xu, Jessica, additional, Blaauwendraad, Sophia M, additional, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., additional, Gaillard, Romy, additional, Parkin, Patricia C, additional, Borkhoff, Cornelia M, additional, Keown-Stoneman, Charles D., additional, Birken, Catherine S, additional, Maguire, Jonathon L, additional, and Pasricha, Sant-Rayn, additional

Published
2022
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27. Evaluation of Bronchiolitis-Related Emergency Department Visits From 2004 to 2018: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Author

Brunet, Justin, Gill, Peter J., Imsirovic, Haris, Parkin, Patricia C., To, Teresa, Schuh, Suzanne, and Mahant, Sanjay

Subjects
Cohort Studies, Research Letter, Bronchiolitis, Humans, Infant, Emergency Service, Hospital, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

This cohort study analyzes the patterns of emergency department use, hospitalization, revisit, and mortality rates associated with bronchiolitis in children younger than 2 years.

Published
2022

30. The impact of daycare attendance on outdoor free play in young children

Author

Carsley, S., Liang, L.Y., Chen, Y., Parkin, P., Maguire, J., Birken, C.S., Abdullah, Kawsari, Anderson, Laura N., Birken, Catherine S., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Carsley, Sarah, Chen, Yang, Katz-Lavigne, Mikael, Kavikondala, Kanthi, Lee, Grace Jieun, Maguire, Jonathon L., Mason, Dalah, Omand, Jessica, Parkin, Patricia C., Persaud, Navindra, van den Heuvel, Meta, Zabih, Weeda, Baker, Jillian, Barozzino, Tony, Bonifacio, Joey, Campbell, Douglas, Cheema, Sohail, Chisamore, Brian, Danayan, Karoon, Das, Paul, Derocher, Mary Beth, Do, Anh, Dorey, Michael, Freeman, Sloane, Fung, Keewai, Guiang, Charlie, Handford, Curtis, Hatch, Hailey, Jacobson, Sheila, Kiran, Tara, Knowles, Holly, Kwok, Bruce, Lakhoo, Sheila, Lam-Antoniades, Margarita, Lau, Eddy, Leung, Fok-Han, Loo, Jennifer, Mahmoud, Sarah, Moodie, Rosemary, Morinis, Julia, Naymark, Sharon, Neelands, Patricia, Owen, James, Peer, Michael, Perlmutar, Marty, Persaud, Navindra, Pinto, Andrew, Porepa, Michelle, Ramji, Nasreen, Ramji, Noor, Rosenthal, Alana, Saunderson, Janet, Saxena, Rahul, Sgro, Michael, Shepherd, Susan, Smiltnieks, Barbara, Taylor, Carolyn, Weisdors, Thea, Wijayasinghe, Sheila, Wong, Peter, Ying, Ethel, and Young, Elizabeth

Published
2017
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31. Prevalence of Choroidal Abnormalities and Lisch Nodules in Children Meeting Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Author

Flores Pimentel, Mariana, primary, Heath, Anna, additional, Wan, Michael J., additional, Hussein, Rowaida, additional, Leahy, Kate E., additional, MacDonald, Heather, additional, Tavares, Erika, additional, VandenHoven, Cynthia, additional, MacNeill, Katelyn, additional, Kannu, Peter, additional, Parkin, Patricia C., additional, Heon, Elise, additional, Reginald, Arun, additional, and Vincent, Ajoy, additional

Published
2022
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36. Consumption of non-cow's milk beverages and serum vitamin D levels in early childhood

Author

Lee, Grace J., Birken, Catherine S., Parkin, Patricia C., Lebovic, Gerald, Chen, Yang, L'Abbe, Mary R., and Maguire, Jonathon L.

Subjects
Beverages -- Consumption data -- Analysis -- Surveys, Alfacalcidol -- Consumption data -- Analysis -- Surveys, Calcifediol -- Consumption data -- Analysis -- Surveys, Vitamin D -- Consumption data -- Analysis -- Surveys, Health
Abstract

Background: Vitamin D fortification of non-cow's milk beverages is voluntary in North America. The effect of consuming non-cow's milk beverages on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children is unclear. We studied the association between non-cow's milk consumption and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy preschool-aged children. We also explored whether cow's milk consumption modified this association and analyzed the association between daily non-cow's milk and cow's milk consumption. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited children 1-6 years of age attending routinely scheduled well-child visits. Survey responses, and anthropometric and laboratory measurements were collected. The association between non-cow's milk consumption and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels was tested using multiple linear regression and logistic regression. Cow's milk consumption was explored as an effect modifier using an interaction term. The association between daily intake of non-cow's milk and cow's milk was explored using multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 2831 children were included. The interaction between non-cow's milk and cow's milk consumption was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Drinking non-cow's milk beverages was associated with a 4.2-nmol/L decrease in 25-hydroxyvitamin D level per 250-mL cup consumed among children who also drank cow's milk (p = 0.008). Children who drank only non-cow's milk were at higher risk of having a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level below 50 nmol/L than children who drank only cow's milk (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 4.7). Interpretation: Consumption of non-cow's milk beverages was associated with decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in early childhood. This association was modified by cow's milk consumption, which suggests a trade-off between consumption of cow's milk fortified with higher levels of vitamin D and non-cow's milk with lower vitamin D content., Goat's milk and plant-based milk alternatives made from soy, rice, almonds, coconut, hemp, flax or oats (herein called 'non-cow's milk') are increasingly available on supermarket shelves. Many consumers may be [...]

Published
2014
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38. Additional file 1 of Reference intervals for hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume in an ethnically diverse community sample of Canadian children 2 to 36 months

Author

Jemila S. Hamid, Eshetu G. Atenafu, Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Birken, Catherine S., Maguire, Jonathon L., Bohn, Mary Kathryn, Adeli, Khosrow, Abdelhaleem, Mohamed, and Parkin, Patricia C.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table A1. Sample size, skewness and p-values from a normality test for each of the partitions each corresponding to Table 2. Table A2. Methods used for estimating the lower and upper limits of the reference intervals provided in Table 2, where P, NP and R represent the parametric, non-parametric and robust methods. The methods are selected according to sample size and distributional investigations provided in Table A1. Table A3. Sample size, skewness and p-values from a normality test for each of the partitions each corresponding to Table 3. Table A4. Methods used for estimating the lower and upper limits of the reference intervals provided in Table 3, where P, NP and R represent the parametric, non-parametric and robust methods. The methods are selected according to sample size and distributional investigations provided in Table A3. Table A5. Sample size, skewness and p-values from the test of normality corresponding to partitions used in Table 4. Table A6. Methods used for estimating the lower and upper limits of the reference intervals provided in Table 4, where P, NP and R represent the parametric, non-parametric and robust methods. The methods are selected according to sample size and distributional investigations provided in Table A5. Table A7. Sample size for monthly age partitions for females and males.

Published
2021
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41. Additional file 1 of The association between screen time and cardiometabolic risk in young children

Author

Harunya Sivanesan, Vanderloo, Leigh M., Keown-Stoneman, Charles D. G., Parkin, Patricia C., Maguire, Jonathon L., and Birken, Catherine S.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Linear GEE regression model for association between handheld screen time (h/day) and total cardiometabolic risk score and individuals risk factors, n = 1706. Supplemental Table 2. Linear GEE regression model for association between Non-handheld screen time (h/day) and total cardiometabolic risk score and individuals risk factors, n = 1706. Supplemental Table 3. Linear GEE regression model for association between screen time (h/day) and total cardiometabolic risk score and individuals risk factors, n = 1706.

Published
2020
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42. Vaccine-related pain: randomised controlled trial of two injection techniques

Author

Ipp, Moshe, Taddio, Anna, Sam, Jonathan, Gladbach, Morton, and Parkin, Patricia C.

Subjects
Vaccination -- Physiological aspects, Vaccination -- Methods, Acute pain -- Physiological aspects, Acute pain -- Research, Injections, Intramuscular -- Methods, Injections, Intramuscular -- Research
Published
2007

43. Blastomycosis in Ontario, 1994-2003

Author

Morris, Shaun K., Brophy, Jason, Richardson, Susan E., Summerbell, Richard, Parkin, Patricia C., Jamieson, Frances, Limerick, Bill, Wiebe, Lyle, and Ford-Jones, E. Lee

Subjects
Blastomycosis -- Case studies, Blastomycosis -- Development and progression, Osteomyelitis -- Case studies, Osteomyelitis -- Development and progression
Abstract

We describe a case of blastomycosis in an 8-year-old boy with Blastomyces-associated osteomyelitis and possible pulmonary involvement. We also identify 309 cases of blastomycosis in Ontario that were seen during [...]

Published
2006

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