136 results on '"Park, Byung Bae"'
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2. Litterfall and element fluxes in secondary successional forests of South Korea
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Carayugan, Mark Bryan, An, Ji Young, Han, Si Ho, and Park, Byung Bae
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- 2023
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3. Ecosystem Services Synergies and Trade-Offs from Tree Structural Perspectives: Implications for Effective Urban Green Space Management and Strategic Land Use Planning.
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Hintural, Wencelito Palis, Woo, Hee-Gyu, Choi, Hyeongwon, Lee, Hyo-Lim, Lim, HaSu, Youn, Woo Bin, and Park, Byung Bae
- Abstract
Urban green spaces (UGSs) are critical in providing essential ecosystem services (ESs) that enhance the quality of life of urban communities. This study investigated the synergies and trade-offs between structural characteristics of urban trees and their ecosystem services and their implications for urban park management within Yurim Park, Daejeon, South Korea, using the i-Tree Eco tool. The study specifically focused on regulating and supporting services, assessing diversity, air pollution removal, carbon sequestration, and avoiding runoff. A systematic review of urban park management practices complemented the empirical analysis to provide comprehensive management recommendations. The findings of a total of 305 trees from 23 species were assessed, revealing moderate species diversity and significant variations in structural attributes, such as diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf area index (LAI), and crown width (CW). These attributes were found to be strongly correlated with ES outcomes, indicating that healthier and larger trees with extensive canopies are more effective in providing benefits such as pollution removal, runoff reduction, and carbon sequestration. However, the study also identified trade-offs, particularly regarding volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, which can contribute to ground-level ozone formation despite the trees' pollution removal capabilities, sensitivity to water stress, requirements for shade and cooling effects, and impacts on water yield. The results highlight the importance of strategic management practices to balance these trade-offs, such as selecting low-emitting species and employing incremental pruning to enhance pollutant removal while minimizing VOC emissions. Additionally, the findings underscore the significance of tree placement and landscape patterns in optimizing year-round benefits, particularly in reducing urban heat island effects and enhancing energy efficiency in adjacent buildings. The study concludes that while urban parks like Yurim Park offer substantial ecological and environmental benefits, continuous monitoring and adaptive management are essential to maximize synergies and mitigate trade-offs. The insights provided on species selection, tree placement, and landscape design offer valuable guidance for urban planners and landscape architects aiming at enhancing the effectiveness of urban parks as nature-based solutions for sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services of Urban Trees: A Case Study of a Green Space at Chungnam National University Using i-Tree Eco.
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Hintural, Wencelito Palis, Jeon, Hee Jeong, Kim, Seo Young, Go, San, and Park, Byung Bae
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CARBON offsetting ,SUSTAINABILITY ,URBAN ecology ,URBAN trees ,REGIONAL development - Abstract
Urban green spaces (UGSs) provide numerous ecosystem services (ESs) that are essential to the well-being of the residents. However, these services are often neglected in regional urban development and spatial planning. This study quantified the ESs of a 10.25 ha UGS at Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, comprising 27 species with 287 tree individuals, using i-Tree Eco. Key regulating ESs investigated included air pollution removal, carbon storage and sequestration, oxygen production, energy use reduction, avoidance of surface runoff, and replacement and functional values. Results revealed significant annual environmental benefits: 131 kg air pollutants removed (USD 3739.01 or ₩5.16 M), 1.76 Mg carbon sequestered, which is equivalent to 0.18 Mg CO
2 ha−1 yr−1 (USD 289.85 or ₩0.40 M), 2.42 Mg oxygen produced, energy savings (including carbon offset) valued at USD 391.29 (₩0.54 M), and 203 m3 reduction in surface runoff (USD 413.09 or ₩0.57 M). The annual total benefits of these urban trees amounted to USD 4833.86 (₩6.67 M), USD 16.83/tree, or USD 0.089/capita. Additionally, these trees had replacement and functional values estimated at USD 311,115.17 (₩429.3 M). The study underscores that species selection and abundance of urban trees are fundamental for maximizing the ES delivery in urban areas, highlighting the role of UGSs in ecological and economical sustainability in cities. These insights are valuable for urban planners and policymakers to optimize benefits of UGSs in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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5. Research Geographical Distribution, Strategies, and Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors Influencing the Success of Land-Based Restoration: A Systematic Review.
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Hernandez, Jonathan O., Cortes, Damcelle T., and Park, Byung Bae
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The effectiveness of restoration programs may differ in terms of environmental and socioeconomic metrics, depending on the strategies employed and ecological settings. Thus, we synthesized different restoration strategies and discussed the environmental and socioeconomic factors influencing restoration success. In the present systematic review, we examined peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2024 that discussed strategies and factors impacting land-based restoration. Only 227 of 55,229 articles from ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases met the inclusion criteria. China, Brazil, and India are more active in conducting studies about land restoration compared to other regions, particularly in megadiverse countries in Asia with high degradation rates. There is a strong emphasis on practical and adaptive restoration strategies, including soil and water management (e.g., agroforestry), the use of native plant species, and weed and invasive species management. The prevalence of Acacia, Leucaena, and Eucalyptus species in restoration programs can inform decisions about effective species selection. Here, a holistic understanding of the complex ecological processes is crucial for the development of effective restoration strategies. Although policy frameworks have received less attention in restoration research, their incorporation into restoration projects can help address policy implications for land-based restoration. Overall, successful restoration necessitates a thorough understanding of the optimal strategies and environmental and socioeconomic factors impacting restoration success. Future restoration initiatives can leverage such an understanding to ensure successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Democratic innovations as a party tool: A comparative analysis of nuclear energy public participation in Taiwan and South Korea
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Huang, Gillan Chi-Lun, Chen, Rung-Yi, and Park, Byung-Bae
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- 2021
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7. Variation in Root Biomass and Distribution Based on the Topography, Soil Properties, and Tree Influence Index: The Case of Mt. Duryun in Republic of Korea.
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Carvalho, Julia Inacio, Carayugan, Mark Bryan, Tran, Lan Thi Ngoc, Hernandez, Jonathan O., Youn, Woo Bin, An, Ji Young, and Park, Byung Bae
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TOPOGRAPHY ,ENVIRONMENTAL soil science ,BIOMASS ,SOIL topography ,SOIL depth - Abstract
Root biomass and distribution are influenced by abiotic factors, such as topography and soil physicochemical properties, determining belowground productivity. Hence, we investigated the variation in root biomass and vertical root distribution based on the topography, soil physicochemical properties, and tree influence index, and their relationships, across soil depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm) and topographical gradients in a warm-temperate forest in Mt. Duryun, Republic of Korea. Two contrasting research sites were established: a lower slope oriented at ≤3° and an upper slope with a slope of 30°. Each site comprised eleven 400 m
2 sampling plots from which root samples from various diameter classes (<2 mm, 2–5 mm, 5–10 mm, and >10 mm) were collected. While the bulk density increased with soil depth in the lower slope, the organic matter, available phosphorus, Ca2+ , and Mg2+ showed a reversed pattern. Linear mixed-effects models generally revealed significant negative correlations between root biomass and soil pH, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity, particularly in small roots (βstd = −1.03 to −1.51) and coarse roots (βstd = −6.30). Root biomass exhibited a 10–15% increase in the upper slope compared to the lower slope, particularly in fine (median = 52.0 g m2 –65.64 g m2 ) and medium roots (median = 56.04 g m2 –69.52 g m2 ) at a 0–20 cm soil depth. While no significant correlation between root biomass and the tree influence index was found on the lower slope, a different pattern was found on the upper slope. Our results indicate that the variation in root biomass and distribution can also be explained by the differences in the soil environment and topographical positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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8. Effects of wood ash and N fertilization on soil chemical properties and growth of Zelkova serrata across soil types
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An, Ji Young and Park, Byung Bae
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- 2021
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9. Effects of torrefied wood chip and vermicompost application on vegetation growth and nutrient uptake in the Saemangeum reclaimed land
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Aung, Aung, Seo, Jeong Min, Han, Si Ho, An, Ji Young, Dao, Huong Thi Thuy, Youn, Woo Bin, and Park, Byung Bae
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- 2020
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10. Fine-Root Distribution and Soil Physicochemical Property Variations in Four Contrasting Urban Land-Use Types in South Korea.
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Tran, Lan Thi Ngoc, An, Ji Young, Carayugan, Mark Bryan, Hernandez, Jonathan O., Rahman, SK Abidur, Youn, Woo Bin, Carvalho, Julia Inacio, Jo, Min Seon, Han, Si Ho, Nguyen, Hai-Hoa, and Park, Byung Bae
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FOREST litter ,FOREST conversion ,BROADLEAF forests ,SOIL stabilization ,DECIDUOUS forests ,PLATEAUS - Abstract
Urbanization and associated forest conversions have given rise to a continuum of native (forest fragments) and modified (artificial grasslands and perennial ecosystems) land-use types. However, little is known about how these shifts affect soil and fine-root compartments that are critical to a functioning carbon and nutrient circulation system. In this study, soil physicochemical properties, fine-root mass, and vertical distribution patterns were investigated in four representative urban land-use types: grassland (ZJ), perennial agroecosystem (MP), broadleaf deciduous forest patch (QA), and coniferous evergreen forest patch (PD). We quantified the fine-root mass in the upper 30 cm vertical profile (0–30 cm) and at every 5 cm depth across three diameter classes (<2 mm, 2–5 mm, and <5 mm). Soil physicochemical properties, except for phosphorus, nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and sodium cations, varied significantly across land-use types. The total root biomass (<5 mm) decreased in the order of QA (700.3 g m
−2 ) > PD (487.2 g m−2 ) > ZJ (440.1 g m−2 ) > MP (98.3 g m−2 ). The fine-root mass of ZJ and MP was correlated with soil nutrients, which was attributed to intensive management operations, while the fine-root mass of QA and PD had a significant relationship with soil organic matter due to the high inputs from forest litter. Very fine roots (<2 mm) presented a distinct decremental pattern with depth for all land-use types, except for MP. Very fine roots populated the topmost 5 cm layer in ZJ, QA, and PD at 52.1%, 49.4%, and 39.4%, respectively. Maintaining a woody fine-root system benefits urban landscapes by promoting soil stabilization, improving ground infiltration rates, and increasing carbon sequestration capacity. Our findings underscore the importance of profiling fine-root mass when assessing urban expansion effects on terrestrial ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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11. Influence of Irrigation on Biomass Partitioning in Above- and Belowground Organs of Trees Planted in Desert Sites of Mongolia.
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Byambadorj, Ser-Oddamba, Park, Byung Bae, Lkhagvasuren, Sarangua, Tsedensodnom, Enkhchimeg, Byambasuren, Otgonsaikhan, Khajid, Altankhundaga, Chiatante, Donato, and Nyam-Osor, Batkhuu
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CARBON sequestration in forests ,DESERT plants ,TREE planting ,BIOMASS ,PLANT biomass ,PLANTATIONS - Abstract
Planting trees is considered a crucial factor in mitigating the increase in carbon emissions in the atmosphere by generating plant biomass. In addition to advancing our understanding of how tree biomass is allocated in desert environments, we explore potential variations in biomass partitioning based on the irrigation regimes (4, 8, and 12 L h
−1 ) supporting the growth of these trees. Specifically, this study compares the pattern of biomass distribution between above-ground and belowground organs of 11-year-old trees (U. pumila, E. moorcroftii, and T. ramosissima) planted in a desert site in Mongolia. An interesting result of this study is the demonstration that biomass partitioning among roots of different diameter classes differs between the tree species tested, suggesting that each tree species establishes its own type of root/soil interaction. The differences in biomass partitioning in roots could determine specificity in the strength of anchorage and efficiency of nutrition for the trees. We also demonstrate that the presence of plantations influences certain chemical properties of the desert soil, with differences depending on the tree species planted. In addition to presenting a method for planting trees in desert sites, this study underscores that a reliable evaluation of atmospheric carbon sequestration in trees must necessarily include root excavation to obtain an accurate measurement of biomass stored in belowground structures. Assessing the overall biomass produced by these trees allows us to determine the potential for carbon sequestration achievable through plantations established in desert sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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12. Impatiens horizontalis M. M. Latt, B. B. Park & Nob. Tanaka 2023, sp. nov
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Latt, Myo Min, Tanaka, Nobuyuki, and Park, Byung Bae
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Tracheophyta ,Magnoliopsida ,Balsaminaceae ,Impatiens horizontalis ,Biodiversity ,Plantae ,Impatiens ,Taxonomy ,Ericales - Abstract
Impatiens horizontalis M.M. Latt, B.B. Park & Nob. Tanaka, sp. nov. (Figs 4 & 5) Type: — MYANMAR. Sagaing Region: Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Khamti Township, Khamthi District, ca. 173–196 m elevation, N 25 33 59 and E 95° 49’ 40” on 6 January 2021, Myo Min Latt MY5939 (holotype-RAF, isotype-TNS). Diagnosis: Impatiens horizontalis is morphologically similar to Impatiens stenantha Hook. f. but can be distinguished by being horizontally creeping stem on the surface of gravel soil along the stream, elliptic to linear leaf, coriaceous, serrate margin with bristles, axillary inflorescence and pure golden yellow flower without marks; in spite of similar creeping habit, it is distinguished from I. prostrata Hook. f. by having narrowly elliptic to linear leaf, serrate, antrorse bristle between teeth, glandular stipulate, twisted spur with abruptly capitate tip, linear and glabrous ovary and spheroid, ex-arillate, glabrous seed; from I. repens Moon by having not succulent and stout stem and racemose inflorescence; from I. procumbens Franch and I. reptans Hook. f. having not erect stem and branches, narrowly elliptic to linear, glabrous leaf, glandular stipulate, oblong sepals, deeply bucciniform lower sepal, twisted spur with abruptly capitate tip, lanceolate, twisted, obtuse lower later petal, triangular upper lateral petal, linear ovary, oblanceolate—linear fruit (Fig-4&5). ...continued on the next page Rheophyte creeping on gravel stony island in the stream. Stem horizontally creeping, 1 m or longer, red, slender, glabrous, glandular on the streak line on stem, internode up to 5 cm long, 3 mm in diam.; roots from each node, glabrous, pink. Leaves alternate, petiolate 1–1.5 cm long, glandular stipulate, glabrous, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic to linear, 0.8–1 × 12–13.5 cm, margin serrate, dark purple antrorse bristle at the ends of lateral veins between the teeth, mid and lateral veins conspicuous on abaxial surface, tip acuminate, attenuate; petiole dull red, glabrous, up to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, raceme, up to 8.5 cm long, 2–5 flowers, indefinite, peduncle glabrous, dull red, swollen at the base, tapering to tip, up to 5.5 cm long, 2.5 mm in diam. at base, 1 mm in diam. at top. Flower golden yellow, up to 4 cm long, up to 2.5 cm across; 2 floral bracts, elliptic, acuminate, 0.5 x 1.5mm, glabrous; pedicel up to 2 cm long, glabrous, dull red. Lateral sepals 2, persistent, dull red, oblong, 2 × 5 mm, acuminate, both surfaces glabrous, united at base each other. Lower sepal bucciniform, 3.5 cm long, 6 × 8 mm across the mouth, funnel 1.5 cm long, cuspidate, tongue at mouth, pointed, 3 × 3 mm, yellow, distal part gradually tapering into a twisted spur with curved end, dull red tip, capitate. United lateral petals connate, asymmetric, distorted and twisted, lobes free; lower petal golden yellow, red mark at base, like a pair of rabbit’s ears, knife shape, lanceolate, twisted, asymmetrical, 4 × 25 mm, margin undulate, obtuse, both surface glabrous, united with upper petal, veins clear; Upper petal golden yellow, liver shape or triangular, asymmetrical, 5 × 17 mm, margin undulate, acuminate, base united with base of lower petal, both surface glabrous. Dorsal petal golden yellow with red marks on abaxial surface, obovate to orbicular, 7 × 7 mm, round tip, tapering base, both surface glabrous. Androecium erect, yellow styles, 1 mm long, united base. Gynoecium ca. 3 mm long, yellow stigma. Ovary green, 2 mm long, 1 mm in diam. Fruit straight, slender, oblanceolate to linear, 5 lobed, tapering to base, swollen tip, green with dull red strikes, glabrous, 2.5 cm long, 3 mm in diameter. Seeds spheroid like chickpea, ex-arillate, glabrous, 2–3 seeds, occupy at top of fruit. Habitat and ecology: Impatiens horizontalis horizontally grow and a creeper on gravel stony island frequently flooded along the perennial stream in evergreen forest and is light demander. It hardly survives on other types of soil. Phenology: Flowering in January–February before summer season. Distribution: Myanmar. Thus far, limited populations were found on less than 5 gravel islands only along the Nam Phet La stream in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary. Vernacular name: “Nam-phet-la Dan-pan”, meaning Dan-pan of Nam-pha-lar stream. Note: Impatiens horizontalis is assignable to subgenus Impatiens sect. Racemosae Hook. f. based on its racemose inflorescence, linear capsule and 4 lateral sepals with 2 reduced inner ones. We proposed the local name of the species as “Nam-phet-la Dan-pan” because it was firstly found only along Nam Phet La stream in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary. IUCN Red Data Category: Impatiens horizontalis could be seriously threatened due to the gold mining along the stream of the habitat (Fig-3-E). Therefore, based on the latest IUCN criteria, Impatiens horizontalis is proposed to be Critically Endangered (CR) (IUCN, 2022). Hooker (1872) noted that there were two varieties under I. stenantha and one of them perhaps a different species. I. horizontalis is also allied to I. prostrata Hook. f., I. repens Moon, I. procumbens Franch and I. reptans Hook. f.. However, I. horizontalis distinctly differ from all such four species by the key characters described in several literatures (Moon, 1824; Wight, 1840; Arechaveleta, et al., 1886; Franchet, 1887; Trimen, 1893; Hooker, 1908; Hooker, 1913; Wu, et al., 2007)(Table 2)., Published as part of Latt, Myo Min, Tanaka, Nobuyuki & Park, Byung Bae, 2023, Two New species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Myanmar, pp. 141-152 in Phytotaxa 583 (2) on pages 146-151, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.583.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7609266, {"references":["IUCN (2022) Guidelines for usinf the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 23 May 2022)","Hooker, J. D. (1872) The flora of British India: Part I, Ranunculaceae to Polygaleae. The Authority of the secretary of state for India in Council, London, pp. 440 - 483.","Moon, A. (1824) Catalogue of the indigenous and exotic Plants growing in Ceylon. The Weslevan Mission Press, Colombo.","Wight, R. (1840) Illustration of Indian botany or figures illustrative of each of the natural orders of Indian plants, Volume I. J. B. Pharoah, Madras. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9603","Franchet, A. R. (1887) Lettres Botaniques AND Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 33: 444 - 449.","Trimen, H. (1893) A hand-book to the flora of Ceylon, Part I. Ranunculaceae-Anacardiaceae. Dulau and Co., 37 Soho Square, W. The authority of the government of Ceylon, London, pp. 200 - 212.","Hooker, J. D. (1908) Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle ser. 4 10: 253.","Hooker, J. D. (1913) An epitome of the British Indian species of Impatiens: Records of the botanical survey of India Volume IV. Calcutt, Calcutta superintendent government printing, India."]}
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- 2023
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13. Impatiens yinyinkyii M. M. Latt, B. B. Park & Nob. Tanaka 2023, sp. nov
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Latt, Myo Min, Tanaka, Nobuyuki, and Park, Byung Bae
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Tracheophyta ,Magnoliopsida ,Balsaminaceae ,Impatiens yinyinkyii ,Biodiversity ,Plantae ,Impatiens ,Taxonomy ,Ericales - Abstract
Impatiens yinyinkyii M.M. Latt, B.B. Park & Nob. Tanaka, sp. nov. (Figs. 2 & 3) Type: — MYANMAR. Sagaing Region: Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, along high humid rocky stream, ca. 138–159 m elevation, N 25°16’25” and E 95° 20’ 08 on 29 November 2020, Myo Min Latt MY5938 (holotype-RAF, isotype-TNS). Diagnosis: Impatiens yinyinkyii is morphologically similar to I. masonii Hook. f. but can be distinguished by having asymmetric flowers with three dark purple blotches in center of flower, specifically at base of dorsal and upper petals of lateral united petals, round apex dorsal petals, monochasial simple cymose inflorescence, lanceolate bract, pink anther, longer incurved spur and ovate and compressed seed (Table 1). Perennial herb, terrestrial or lithophyte. Stems up to 60 cm heigh, erect, cylindrical, tapering up, glabrous, dull purple, nodes swollen, up to 7 mm in diameter, internodes glabrous, up to 3 am long, up to 5 cm in diameter, root fibrous at up to 5 th node, having small white tubers, sometimes node touch ground produce small root, very branching, succulent. Leaves 0.8–1 × 10.5–11 cm, opposite decussate arranged, glabrous, linear, tip acuminate, base attenuate, margin serrate, antrorse bristles at the top of teeth, venation clear, up to 6 veins, 45 degrees with mid-vein, tapering to margin, abaxial surface dark green, abaxial surface pale green, petiole 7 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence axillary, monochasial simple racemes, 5 cm long, 2 flowered, peduncle glabrous, purple, 2 cm long. Flowers zygomorphic, pinkish purple with dark purple blotches at the center, glabrous; pedicels slender, up to 1.5 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diam., dull purple. Bracts ca. 1 × 2 mm, narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate, base cuneate, green, glabrous. Lateral sepals 2, lanceolate, transparent, green, dull purple blotch at base on abaxial surface, 1 × 4 mm, acuminate tip, broad base. Lower sepal navicular, pale purple, broadly elliptic mouth, white with dark purple blotch at base, acuminate apex, 5 × 7 mm, yellow base, spur curved, glabrous, tapering, up to 4.5 cm long Dorsal petal orbicular, 9 × 9 mm, curved like boat, 4 mm deep, pinkish purple with dark blotch at base, 2 crests on abaxial surface, margin entire, apex and base rounded. United lateral petals connate, asymmetric, lobes free; upper petals 7 × 8 mm, orbicular, apex rounded to truncate, pinkish purple with round dark purple block at base; lower petals ovate, asymmetric pinkish purple, 8 × 10 mm, apex acute, oblique, base rounded, auricle yellow with claw or projection, 1 mm long, vein on abaxial surface, overlap and connect to upper petal with whitish petioloide auricle. Androecium Stamens pink, 3 mm long, 1 mm width, narrow base, green, 5 lobed, persistent above ovary after over flowering. Gynoecium Ovary green, 3 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, glabrous. Fruits fusiform dehiscent capsules, asymmetric, slightly curved, tapering both ends, 1.2 cm long, up to 5 mm in diameter, glabrous, 5 lobes, dark green upper 3 lobes, pale green lower 2 lobes. Seeds ovoid like sesame seed, compressed, apex pointed, round base, brown, covered by white nets, ca. 1.5 mm long, up to 6 per capsule Habitat and ecology: Impatiens yinyinkyii grows on the ever-moist rock and rocky wall of the perennial stream under the sunlight. It is light demander but very sensitive to high temperature and drought. This species is very common and many populations can be found on the rock along streams throughout the Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary. Phenology: Flowering in November to January before summer season. Distribution: Myanmar. Thus far known only from the type locality. Vernacular name: “Yin Yin Kyi Dan-pan” (proposed here). “Dan-pan” is a local name of Imapatiens in Myanmar. Etymology: The specific epithet is an honor to Yin Yin Kyi (1947–2021), a Myanmar taxonomist at Forest Research Institute, for her contribution to the Myanamar local flora. She published “A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers of Myanmar ” by revising the original works by J. H. Lace “List of trees, shrubs, herbs and principal climbers, etc. recorded from Burma ” in cooperating with the Smithsonian Institution. Note: Impatiens yinyinkyii is assignable to subgenus Impatiens, sect. Uniflorae Hook.f. & Thomson based on its fascicled inflorescence, and short fusiform capsules. IUCN Red Data Category: This species seems to prefer wet and cold rock along the bank of the stream. It cannot survive on alluvial sediment and dry rock. We observed that some died off because of cover by sediment and camping along the stream. In addition to such impacts, cutting the trees along the stream should be prohibited to reduce the soil erosion and to regulate riparian ecosystem. Therefore, based on the latest IUCN criteria, Impatiens yinyinkyii is proposed to be Near Threatened (NT) (IUCN, 2022). Key different characteristics between Impatiens yinyinkyii and I. masonii are mentioned in Table.1.
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- 2023
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14. Effects of Thinning Intensity on Litterfall Production, Soil Chemical Properties, and Fine Root Distribution in Pinus koraiensis Plantation in Republic of Korea.
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Han, Si Ho, An, Ji Young, Hernandez, Jonathan O., Yang, Hee Moon, Kim, Eun-Sook, Noh, Nam Jin, Seo, Jeong Min, and Park, Byung Bae
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PINUS koraiensis ,CHEMICAL properties ,PLANTATIONS ,SOIL depth ,SOIL chemistry ,PINACEAE - Abstract
It is crucial to evaluate the effects of thinning on litterfall production, soil chemical properties, and fine root dynamics when implementing thinning as a silvilcultural technique to enhance tree growth and timber yield in Pinus koraiensis plantations. Thus, we determined the 10-year effects (2007–2017) of different thinning intensities on litterfall production, soil chemical properties, and fine root biomass and necromass within a P. koraiensis plantation in South Korea. The soil chemical parameters and fine root biomass and necromass were also compared across three soil depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm). Three thinning treatments were employed: no thinning (CON), light thinning (32% removed, LT), and heavy thinning (64% removed, HT). Results revealed that litterfall was consistent across all thinning treatments, but broadleaf species had considerably higher litterfall production at HT stands than at CON/LT stands. Soil chemical properties, except exchangeable K
+ , were generally lower at LT stands, particularly at a depth of 20–30 cm soil. After ten years, there was a decrease in fine root biomass and necromass with increasing soil depth. Over 80% of fine roots were found in the upper layer (0–20 cm), while very fine roots (0–1 mm) consisted mainly of 47% pine and 53% other species and were concentrated in the 0–10 cm soil depth in HT. In conclusion, different thinning intensities had diverse effects on the parameters measured within the plantation. Future studies can explore how the effects of thinning intensities on litterfall production, soil chemistry, and fine root dynamics affect species diversity, carbon storage, and understory vegetation in P. koraiensis plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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15. Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on the Morpho-Physiological Traits of Populus sibirica Hort. Ex Tausch and Ulmus pumila L. In the Semi-arid Steppe Region of Mongolia
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Byambadorj, Ser-Oddamba, Park, Byung Bae, Hernandez, Jonathan O., Tsedensodnom, Enkhchimeg, Byambasuren, Otgonsaikhan, Montagnoli, Antonio, Chiatante, Donato, and Nyam-Osor, Batkhuu
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plant_sciences - Abstract
Desertification is impeding the implementation of reforestation efforts in Mongolia. Many of these efforts have been unsuccessful due to lack of technical knowledge on water and nutrient management strategies, limited financial support, and short-lived rainfall events. We investigated the effects of irrigation and fertilization on the morpho-physiological traits of Populus sibirica Hort. Ex Tausch and Ulmus pumila L. and to suggest irrigation and fertilization strategies for reforestation. Different irrigation and fertilizer treatments were applied: no irrigation, 2 L h-1, 4 L h-1 and 8 L h-1 of water; no fertilizer, 2 L h-1 + NPK, 4 L h-1 + NPK, and 8 L h-1 + NPK; and no compost, 2 L h-1 + compost, 4 L h-1 + compost, and 8 L h-1 + compost. The leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of both species responded positively to 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1. Results also showed that the addition of either NPK or compost to 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 irrigation resulted in a higher LA, SLA, and leaf biomass (LB). Total chlorophyll content decreased with irrigation in both species. The same pattern was detected when a higher amount of irrigation was combined with fertilizers. Lastly, we found that both diurnal and seasonal leaf water potential of plants grown in 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 were significantly higher than in control plots. Therefore, 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 with either NPK or compost has shown to be the optimal irrigation and fertilization strategy for the species in an arid and semi-arid region of Mongolia. Results should provide us with a better understanding of tree responses to varying amounts of irrigation with or without fertilizer in pursuit of sustainable forest management in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
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- 2021
16. Politics of urban cultural preservation and regeneration: the case of South Korea and Taiwan.
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Park, Byung-Bae, Leng, Tse-Kang, and Wu, Kuan-Hsuan
- Subjects
BUREAUCRACY ,CULTURAL maintenance ,MUNICIPAL government ,POLITICS & culture ,STATE power ,POLITICAL elites ,DIGITAL preservation ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper compares the cases of Seoul, Taipei and Keelung to illustrate the dynamics of the local state in leading the process of cultural preservation. We argue that political ambitions of local leaders, driven by economic and political incentives to boost local development, create policy networks centered around local bureaucracies. Various actors, such as local political elites, local bureaucracies, civic groups and developers, are involved in the process of political and economic entangling. The cultural preservation projects are thus the reflection of the political interpretation of memory, as well as the realization of local state power to implement innovative goals of urban rebranding and regeneration. The Korean and Taiwanese cases demonstrate that political functions, such as regime legitimacy and the formation of new identities, have been instrumental in the process of urban regeneration. This paper brings the "politics" back into local developmentalism in the democratic societies of South Korea and Taiwan. This paper also argues that central-local relationship matters as well. The local developmental states are not totally isolated from political entanglements at the central level. Policy supports from the central level are mainly out of political concerns to legitimize ongoing efforts of historical reconstruction and re-interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Measured and modelled differences in nutrient concentrations between rhizosphere and bulk soil in a Norway spruce stand
- Author
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Yanai, Ruth D., Majdi, Hooshang, and Park, Byung Bae
- Published
- 2003
18. Prioritizing Choices in the Conservation of Flora and Fauna: Research Trends and Methodological Approaches.
- Author
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Hernandez, Jonathan O., Buot Jr., Inocencio E., and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
SPECIES distribution ,BOTANY ,PRINCIPAL components analysis - Abstract
Here, we synthesized the research trends in conservation priorities for terrestrial fauna and flora across the globe from peer-reviewed articles published from 1990 to 2022, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results showed India to have the highest number of studies (i.e., 12) about the topic. Contrarily, most of the megadiverse and biodiversity hotspot countries have only 1–3 studies. Flora studies are more documented than faunal studies. The bio-ecological attributes are the most frequently used criteria for prioritizing choices in the conservation of fauna (i.e., 55.42%) and flora species (i.e., 41.08%). The climatic/edaphic and the taxonomic/genetic variables for flora had the lowest frequency (i.e., <5%). For fauna, the lowest value (i.e., <10%) was observed in socioeconomic and climatic/edaphic criteria. Moreover, the point scoring method (PSM), was the most frequently used in conservation prioritization, followed by conservation priority index (CPI), correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), species distribution model, and rule-based method. The present review also showed multiple species as the most frequently used approach in prioritizing conservation choices in both flora and fauna species. We highlight the need to increase not only the conservation prioritization studies but also the scientific efforts on improving biodiversity-related information in hotspot regions for an improved prioritization methodology, particularly in faunal aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Tree Species Composition and Forest Community Types along Environmental Gradients in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Myanmar: Implications for Action Prioritization in Conservation.
- Author
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Latt, Myo Min and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
COMMUNITY forests ,WILDLIFE refuges ,FOREST biodiversity ,FOREST dynamics ,WILDLIFE conservation ,SPECIES diversity ,FOREST soils - Abstract
The identification of forest community types is essential for prioritizing choices and targets in species and community conservation purposes amid climate change impacts on forest community dynamics. Here, we determined the tree species composition, species diversity, and the forest community types across contrasting topographic and edaphic conditions in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary (HWS), Myanmar. All tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm were recorded in 66 plots (625 m
2 ), from which the species diversity, density, frequency, dominance, and importance value (IV) of each tree species were measured. The soil hardness (Hd), bulk density (BD), moisture content (MC), organic matter content (OM), texture, pH, total N, and available P, K, Ca, Na, and Mg concentrations were also analyzed. The elevation (ELV) and slope (SLP) were also measured as the topographic factors. Cluster analysis resulted in five distinct forest communities and the soil Ca, Mg, clay proportion, soil hardness, and elevation were the major influencing factors. The species diversity in HWS ranged from low to very high relative values, with 209 tree species belonging to 119 genera and 55 families. Identification of these community types and understanding the diversity levels and major factors influencing the community structure may play a key role in the planning, prioritization, and implementation of species and community conservation strategies amid the unpredictable impacts of climate change on forest community dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Leaf Trichome, Venation, and Mesophyll Structural Traits Play Important Roles in the Physiological Responses of Oak Seedlings to Water-Deficit Stress.
- Author
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Hernandez, Jonathan O. and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
- *
WATER efficiency , *SEEDLINGS , *PRINCIPAL components analysis - Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of water-deficit stress on the leaf anatomical traits, physiological traits, and stem starch content in Quercus acutissima Carruth and Quercus serrata Murray by subjecting their seedlings to well-watered (WW) and water-deficit stress (WS) treatments. The water stress-induced changes in trichome density, trichome-to-stomata ratio, mesophyll thickness, vein density, vein distance, vein loopiness, vessel diameter, transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), and starch content were analyzed between two time points. While trichome density did not vary between treatments in Q. acutissima, it dramatically increased in Q. serrata (62.63–98.96 trichomes mm−2) at the final week. The WS-treated seedlings had a thicker palisade mesophyll (162.85–169.56 µm) than the WW-treated samples (118.56–132.25 µm) in both species. The vein density and loopiness increased significantly in the WS-treated Q. serrata seedlings. Small-sized vessels (10–50 µm) were more frequent in the WS than the WW in Q. serrata. The E, gs, WUE, and starch content declined significantly in the WS-treated seedlings compared with WW-treated samples in both species. Further, principal component analysis revealed significant relationships between anatomical and physiological traits, particularly in the WS-treated seedlings of Q. serrata. The coordinated changes in leaf anatomical traits, physiological traits, and stem starch content indicate an important role in the survival of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata seedlings in water-deficit stress environments, although Q. serrata may show higher survivability under prolonged water stress than Q. acutissima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Recent studies on pinene and its biological and pharmacological activities
- Author
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Park, Byung Bae, An, Ji Young, and Park, Sang Un
- Subjects
β-pinene ,α-pinene ,biological activities ,pharmacological activities ,Letter to the Editor - Abstract
EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc812; ISSN 1611-2156
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Short-term effects of organic waste amendments on soil biota: responses of soil food web under eggplant cultivation
- Author
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Eo, Jinu, Park, Kee-Choon, and Park, Byung-Bae
- Subjects
Soil amendments -- Chemical properties -- Environmental aspects -- Identification and classification -- Composition ,Microbial colonies -- Environmental aspects ,Organic wastes -- Chemical properties -- Environmental aspects -- Identification and classification ,Soil microbiology -- Research ,Agricultural industry ,Earth sciences - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of reusable organic wastes on soil organisms, with a focus on changes in the soil food web. Bone meal, de-oiled cake, and oyster shell were applied at 5 t ha (1), and the abundance and biomass of soil organisms were measured at 4, 8, and 13 weeks after treatment in soil under eggplant cultivation. The abundance of microflora and fauna was higher in the soils treated with bone meal or de-oiled cake than in untreated soils, suggesting that soil organisms are affected by the quality of applied organic wastes. Increases in the abundance of bacterivorous nematodes were observed under treatment with bone meal or de-oiled cake, but there was little change in the abundance of predatory nematodes. A positive response of microarthropods in the Collembola and Oribatida was apparent, and these organisms are involved as secondary consumers in the soil food web, but the predaceous Gamasida were relatively unaffected. The abundance of protozoa, microbivorous nematodes, Collembola, and Oribatida was correlated with the abundance of bacteria and fungi, indicating that both bacteria- and fungi-based food webs formed. The abundance of the secondary consumers was not significantly correlated with that of the predators. The study suggested that, in the short-term, organic waste alters the primary and secondary consumers but its effect may not extend to predators. Additional keywords: Collembola, decomposition, nematode, phospholipid fatty acid, Oribatida, recycling., Introduction The disposal of organic waste from households and the food industry results in both economic cost and environmental problems. Many organic wastes contain nutrients that can be reused for [...]
- Published
- 2012
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23. Effects of Torrefied Wood Chips and Vermicompost on Tree Growth and Weed Biomass: Implications for the Sustainable Management of Salt-Affected Reclaimed Lands.
- Author
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An, Ji Young, Aung, Aung, Hernandez, Jonathan Ogayon, Seo, Jeong Min, Han, Si Ho, and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
WOOD chips ,TREE growth ,BIOMASS ,SOIL amendments ,WEEDS - Abstract
A harsh environment, slow tree growth, nutrient deficiencies, and competition between trees and weeds can impede forest establishment on reclaimed lands. We investigated the effects of torrefied wood chips (TWC) and vermicompost (VC) soil amendments on the growth of Populus euramericana Guinier, weed biomass, and soil chemical properties on reclaimed land in Saemangeum. The 2.5 Mg ha
−1 and 5.0 Mg ha−1 TWC had a similar effect on tree diameter and height growth (i.e., 2.5 = 5.0 > 0 TWC) and tended to have similar, higher effect on the total biomass of P. euramericana than the 0 Mg ha−1 . The 2.5 Mg ha−1 TWC resulted in a significantly larger root biomass than the 5.0 Mg ha−1 TWC. The weed biomass was significantly larger at the 2.7 Mg ha−1 VC (i.e., 730.5–810.5 g m−2 ) than the control (605.1–610.6 g m−2 ), but VC alone was not effective for tree growth and soil amelioration. The TWC had no effect on weed biomass. Thus, the TWC and VC had contrasting effects on tree growth and weed biomass when they were used as soil amendments on salt-affected reclaimed land. VC application may promote weed proliferation, whereas TWC application may potentially increase the growth of P. euramericana and control weed growth on reclaimed lands. Our results enhance the existing knowledge on tree and weed responses to torrefied wood chips and vermicompost amendments for the sustainable management of salt-affected reclaimed lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Fine Root Dynamics and Forest Production Across a Calcium Gradient in Northern Hardwood and Conifer Ecosystems
- Author
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Park, Byung Bae, Yanai, Ruth D., Fahey, Timothy J., Bailey, Scott W., Siccama, Thomas G., Shanley, James B., and Cleavitt, Natalie L.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Growth of Deciduous and Evergreen Species in Two Contrasting Temperate Forest Stands in Korea: An Intersite Experiment.
- Author
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Park, Byung Bae, Ko, Youngtak, Hernandez, Jonathan O., Byambadorj, Ser-Oddamba, and Han, Si Ho
- Abstract
Poor seedling establishment and growth can be a result of the limitation of light and soil resources in the forest understory. Here, we investigate the interacting effects of stand and soil characteristics on the seedling growth of deciduous species (Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Zelkova serrata) and evergreen species (Pinus koraiensis) through a 3-year intersite experiment in two contrasting forest stands. Seedlings were grown in both oak and pine stands using two different soil types, i.e., gray-brown forest soil (GB) and red-yellow forest soil (RY). Soil physicochemical properties, light intensity, tree-seedling height, root-collar diameter (RCD), and biomass growth were analyzed between two stands and/or soil types. Light availability was generally more abundant in the pine stand (mean: 1074.08 lx or 20.25%) than the oak stand (mean: 424.33 lx or 9.20%) throughout the year. The height and RCD growth of fast-growing and deciduous F. rhynchophylla and Z. serrata were higher in the pine than in the oak stand, particularly in GB soil. The growth of the slow-growing and evergreen P. koraiensis was not affected by the forest stand, except for its higher root growth in the oak stand and RY soil. Therefore, abundant light availability can enhance the growth and seedling establishment of F. rhynchophylla and Z. serrata in the pine-stand understory. Contrarily, P. koraiensis may be planted in the understory regardless of light condition, but with a slower growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Wood ash effects on plant and soil in a willow bioenergy plantation
- Author
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Park, Byung Bae, Yanai, Ruth D., Sahm, James M., Lee, Don K., and Abrahamson, Lawrence P.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Morpho-Anatomical Traits and Soluble Sugar Concentration Largely Explain the Responses of Three Deciduous Tree Species to Progressive Water Stress.
- Author
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Hernandez, Jonathan O., An, Ji Young, Combalicer, Marilyn S., Chun, Jong-Pil, Oh, Sang-Keun, and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
DECIDUOUS plants ,WATER efficiency ,PLANT-water relationships ,SOIL moisture ,SPECIES ,TREE growth - Abstract
A better understanding of plant drought responses is essential to improve plant water use efficiency, productivity, and resilience to ever-changing climatic conditions. Here, we investigated the growth, morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical responses of Quercus acutissima Carruth., Quercus serrata Murray, and Betula schmidtii Regel to progressive water-stress. Seedlings were subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions while regularly monitoring the soil volumetric water content, stem diameter (SD), height, biomass, stomatal conductance (g
s ), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ), and leaf relative water content (RWC). We also investigated the variation in stomatal pore (SP) area, specific leaf area (SLA), root xylem vessel diameter (VD), and total soluble sugar (TSS) concentration between treatments. After 2 months, WS significantly suppressed SD growth of Q. acutissima and B. schmidtii but had no impact on Q. serrata. Total biomass significantly declined at WS-treated seedlings in all species. WS resulted in a smaller SLA than WW in all species. The SP of WS-treated seedlings of Q. acutissima and B. schmidtii significantly decreased, whereas it increased significantly with time in Q. serrata. Larger vessels (i.e., >100 to ≤ 130) were more frequent at WS for Q. acutissima and B. schmidtii , whereas smaller vessels (i.e., >40 to ≤ 90) were more frequent at WS than at WW for Q. serrata after 8 weeks. Tylosis was more frequent at WS than WW for Q. serrata and B. schmidtii at eighth week. WS seedlings showed lower gs , Ci , and RWC compared with WW-treated ones in Q. acutissima and B. schmidtii. TSS concentration was also higher at WS-treated seedlings in two Quercus species. Overall, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that SLA and SP are associated with WS seedlings of Q. serrata and B. schmidtii and the tylosis frequency, TSS, and VD are associated with WS seedlings of Q. acutissima. Therefore, water-stressed plants from all species responded positively to water stress with increasing experimental duration and stress intensity, and that is largely explained by morpho-anatomical traits and soluble sugar concentration. The present study should enhance our understanding of drought-induced tree growth and short-term tree-seedling responses to drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Root Biomass Distribution of Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila Afforestation Stands Is Affected by Watering Regimes and Fertilization in the Mongolian Semi-arid Steppe.
- Author
-
Nyam-Osor, Batkhuu, Byambadorj, Ser-Oddamba, Park, Byung Bae, Terzaghi, Mattia, Scippa, Gabriella Stefania, Stanturf, John A., Chiatante, Donato, and Montagnoli, Antonio
- Subjects
AFFORESTATION ,BIOMASS ,STEPPES ,SOIL degradation ,FERTILIZERS ,FOREST soils ,FERTILIZER application - Abstract
Desertification of the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia is advancing very rapidly, motivating afforestation efforts. The "Green Belt" joint project (Government of Mongolia and Republic of Korea), which aims to mitigate soil degradation and develop agroforestry activities through the planting of a forest shelterbelt, is one such response. In these plantations, tree growth has been supported by different watering regimes (no watering, 2, 4, and 8 L h
−1 ) and by two types of soil fertilization (NPK and Compost). The present paper analyses the effect of these techniques on soil chemistry and root biomass partitioning of Populus sibirica (Horth ex Tausch) and Ulmus pumila (L.) tree species. In July 2019, at the plantation site in Lun Soum, Tuv province (Mongolia), six trees were excavated by hand in each treatment, the root system was divided into taproot and five diameter classes (0–2; 2–5; 5–10; 10–20; > 20 mm), and the biomass was measured. Soil organic matter, macronutrients, and pH were also measured. The addition of fertilizers in the long-term did not enhance the soil chemical properties. The build-up of root biomass in both species correlated positively with increasing levels of the watering, while the application of fertilizers led to root growth suppression. For most of the root classes and both species, an irrigation level of 4 L h−1 was sufficient to yield the highest biomass and could be recommended for afforesting the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia. The root biomass of P. sibirica was more dependent on the watering regimes and of U. pumila was more negatively influenced by the application of fertilizers, indicating that U. pumila , due to the its lower water need, could be suitable for afforesting semi-arid environments. Our experiments suggest that afforestation practices in the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia should be supported by a prior analysis of plants' needs, soil type, dose, and type of fertilizers to be applied. Knowledge of the root response to the supporting techniques is necessary for choosing the best one for the plantation and, thus, to develop a sustainable and successful strategy to restore these degraded lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. LEAF ARCHITECTURE AND PETIOLE ANATOMY OF PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPUS SPECIES (DIPTEROCARPACEAE).
- Author
-
HERNANDEZ, JONATHAN O., MALDIA, LERMA S. J., PULAN, DENNIS E., BUOT JR., INOCENCIO E., and PARK, BYUNG BAE
- Subjects
PLANT anatomy ,PETIOLES ,DIPTEROCARPACEAE ,FOREST reserves ,ANATOMY ,SPECIES - Abstract
The study investigated the leaf architecture and petiole anatomy of eight Dipterocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae) species growing in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) in the Philippines to delineate the species, especially during their non-flowering phase. Leaf and petiole samples from MMFR were examined following the manual on leaf architecture studies. Freehand technique was used to examine the stomata and petiole characters. A UPGMA phenogram was then generated to determine the relationships among Dipterocarpus species using 26 leaf and petiole characters. The most useful characters to delineate Dipterocarpus species are the presence of trichomes, the arrangement of vascular bundles (medullary and outer vascular bundles), areolation, fimbrial vein, and leaf size. Other characters viz., the laminar ratio, blade class, laminar shape, base shape, margin type, and intersecondary, and layers and shape of parenchyma and collenchyma cells were useful as unifying characters. Therefore, certain characters of the leaf architecture and petiole anatomy may be used as taxonomic markers to delineate and correlate the Dipterocarpus species in the Philippines particularly during the nonflowering phase of the species. However, further investigations using samples from the wild populations of the species and molecular techniques may be done to elucidate the taxonomic use of the characters presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Biochar effects on the seedling quality of Quercus serrata and Prunus sargentii in a containerized production system.
- Author
-
Aung, Aung, Han, Si Ho, Youn, Woo Bin, Meng, Loth, Cho, Min Seok, and Park, Byung Bae
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Torrefied wood effects on the seedling quality of Zelkova serrata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in a containerized production system.
- Author
-
Han, Si Ho, Meng, Loth, Rahman, Afroja, Ko, Youngtak, Cho, Min Seok, and Park, Byung Bae
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Effects of three biomaterials mixed with growing media on seedling quality of Prunus sargentii
- Author
-
Aung, Aung, Youn, Woo Bin, Seo, Jeong Min, Dao, Huong Thi Thuy, Han, Si Ho, Cho, Min Seok, and Park, Byung Bae
- Abstract
AbstractQuality of produced seedlings relies mainly on the substrate on which it grows and develops. In this study, three common biomaterials – pine bark, carbonized rice husk and mushroom sawdust, were mixed with growing media in two ratios (10% and 20%) to assess their effects on growth and seedling quality of Prunus sargentiiseedlings in containerized production system. Generally, 10% pine bark treatment showed the highest results among others in some parameters of seedling growth – height and root collar diameter. For total biomass, 10% rice husk treatment was highest, followed by 10% pine bark treatment. Seedling quality index at 10% rice husk treatment resulted highest (24% increase compared to control) followed by 10% pine bark treatment (20% increase compared to control). Our results suggested that both rice husk and pine bark can be used in 10% mixed ratio to growing media to gain the qualified P. sargentiiseedlings in forest nurseries, which in turn, will help to establish successful reforestation in the field.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Characteristics of soil carbon and nutrient stocks across land use types in a forest region of central Korea.
- Author
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Han, Si Ho, Meng, Loth, Park, Gwan Soo, Kim, Se Bin, Cho, Min Seok, and Park, Byung Bae
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Litterfall production and fine root dynamics in cool-temperate forests.
- Author
-
An, Ji Young, Park, Byung Bae, Chun, Jung Hwa, and Osawa, Akira
- Subjects
- *
TEMPERATE forests , *CONIFEROUS forests , *NUTRIENT cycles , *BIOMASS , *DECIDUOUS forests - Abstract
Current understanding of litterfall and fine root dynamics in temperate forests is limited, even though these are the major contributors to carbon and nutrient cycling in the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated litterfall and fine root biomass and production in five deciduous and four coniferous forests at the Gwangneung Experimental Forest in Korea. We used ingrowth cores to measure fine root production and root turnover rate. The litterfall was separated into leaves, twigs, and others, and then leaves were further separated according to species. Annual litterfall mass was not significantly different between the years, 360 to 651 g m-2 in 2011 and 300 to 656 g m-2 in 2012. Annual fine root (<5 mm) production was significantly higher in 2012 (421 to 1342 g m-2) than in 2011 (99 to 872 g m-2). Annual litterfall mass was significantly different among the stands, while fine root production did not statistically differ among the stands. The average fine root turnover rate, calculated by dividing the annual fine root production by the maximum standing fine root biomass, was 1.65 for deciduous forests and 1.97 for coniferous forests. Fine root production constituted 18–44% of NPP, where NPP was the sum of woody biomass production, litterfall production, and fine root production. Belowground production was a greater fraction of NPP in more productive forests suggesting their greater carbon allocation belowground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The effects of biochars on the growth of Zelkova serrata seedlings in a containerized seedling production system.
- Author
-
Cho, Min Seok, Meng, Loth, Song, Ji-Hye, Han, Si Ho, Bae, Kikang, and Park, Byung Bae
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Biochar effects on the seedling quality of Quercus serrataand Prunus sargentiiin a containerized production system
- Author
-
Aung, Aung, Han, Si Ho, Youn, Woo Bin, Meng, Loth, Cho, Min Seok, and Park, Byung Bae
- Abstract
AbstractBiochars are used to improve soil quality and crop productivity as well as to increase carbon sequestration in soil. However, it is important to identify the characteristics of biochar prior to its application because of the positive and negative effects on soil and crop productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of charcoals on the growth and seedling quality of Quercus serrataand Prunus sargentiiin a containerized seedling production system. Two of the charcoals used in our research were from oak tree; one produced at 1200 °C and the other at 700 ∼ 800 °C, and a bamboo charcoal produced at about 800 °C. Three charcoals were mixed with artificial soil (peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite with a ratio of 1:1:1 (v/v/v)), and applied commercial fertilizer at two concentrations; 0.5 and 1.0 g L−1. Growth parameters, such as height, root collar diameter, and dry weight, were decreased in charcoal treatments compared to control. However, charcoal treatments significantly increased the quality index of seedlings by 8.3% in Q. serrataand by 19.9% in P. sargentii. Our results suggested that charcoal can be applied to improve seedling quality in the containerized Q. serrataand P. sargentiiseedling production system.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Torrefied wood effects on the seedling quality of Zelkova serrataand Fraxinus rhynchophyllain a containerized production system
- Author
-
Han, Si Ho, Meng, Loth, Rahman, Afroja, Ko, Youngtak, Cho, Min Seok, and Park, Byung Bae
- Abstract
ABSTRACTBiochar can be used as a kind of soil amendment in crop production, but there are few studies on containerized seedling production in forestry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of torrefied wood to mix with growing medium for Zelkova serrataand Fraxinus rhynchophyllaseedling production in a containerized system. We used torrefied wood made from chips of Quercus accutissima, which was mixed with growing medium by 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% in volume. We applied two levels of 0.5 g/L (1×) and 1.0 g/L (2×) commercial fertilizer for fertilization treatment. Generally, growth parameters such as height, root collar diameter, and dry weight were comparable among 0%, 10%, and 20% mixed ratios, but those at 30% and 40% mixed ratio were lower than other mixed ratios. The 2× fertilization significantly increased height by 29%, root collar diameter by 18%, total dry weight by 52%, and quality index by 31.4% compared to the 1× fertilization across mixed ratios. Our results suggest that torrefied wood can be substitutable for 20% of the growth medium in total volume in containerized Zelkova serrataand Fraxinus rhynchophyllaseedling production systems.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The effects of biochars on the growth of Zelkova serrataseedlings in a containerized seedling production system
- Author
-
Cho, Min Seok, Meng, Loth, Song, Ji-Hye, Han, Si Ho, Bae, Kikang, and Park, Byung Bae
- Abstract
ABSTRACTBiochar has been used for soil improvement in agriculture; however, there are few studies of its uses in forestry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar, made from diverse feedstocks on the growth and chlorophyll content of Zelkova serrataseedlings, to identify optimal feedstocks in a containerized seedling production. Five resources were used for biochar: woodchips of Pinus densifloraand Quercus acutissima; cones of Pinus koraiensis; rice husks; and crab shells. The biochar was mixed with growing medium by 20% in volume and two levels of fertilization were applied. The height and root collar diameter of Z. serratatreated with wood chips of P. densifloraand Q. acutissimaand rice husk were each significantly greater than those treated with pine cones and crab shells. The biomass responses and quality indexes were similar to those of height and root collar diameter. There were no significant differences in growth between fertilization levels. This study shows that biochar made from woodchips of P. densifloraand Q. acutissimaand rice husk can be substituted for growing medium by 20% in a containerized seedling production system.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on the Morphophysiological Traits of Populus sibirica Hort. Ex Tausch and Ulmus pumila L. in the Semiarid Steppe Region of Mongolia.
- Author
-
Byambadorj, Ser-Oddamba, Park, Byung Bae, Hernandez, Jonathan O., Tsedensodnom, Enkhchimeg, Byambasuren, Otgonsaikhan, Montagnoli, Antonio, Chiatante, Donato, and Nyam-Osor, Batkhuu
- Subjects
ARID regions ,IRRIGATION ,FOREST management ,PLANT-water relationships ,DESERTIFICATION ,WATER management ,POPLARS ,REFORESTATION - Abstract
Desertification is impeding the implementation of reforestation efforts in Mongolia. Many of these efforts have been unsuccessful due to a lack of technical knowledge on water and nutrient management strategies, limited financial support, and short-lived rainfall events. We investigated the effects of irrigation and fertilization on the morphophysiological traits of Populus sibirica Hort. Ex Tausch and Ulmus pumila L. and to suggest irrigation and fertilization strategies for reforestation. Different irrigation and fertilizer treatments were applied: no irrigation, 2 L h
−1 , 4 L h−1 , and 8 L h−1 of water; no fertilizer, 2 L h−1 + NPK, 4 L h−1 + NPK, and 8 L h−1 + NPK; and no compost, 2 L h−1 + compost, 4 L h−1 + compost, and 8 L h−1 + compost. The leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of both species responded positively to 4 and 8 L h−1 . Results also showed that the addition of either NPK or compost to 4 or 8 L h−1 irrigation resulted in a higher LA, SLA, and leaf biomass (LB). Total chlorophyll content decreased with irrigation in both species. The same pattern was detected when a higher amount of irrigation was combined with fertilizers. Lastly, we found that both diurnal and seasonal leaf water potential of plants grown in 4 or 8 L h−1 were significantly higher than those of plants grown in control plots. Therefore, 4 or 8 L h−1 with either NPK or compost has shown to be the optimal irrigation and fertilization strategy for the species in an arid and semiarid region of Mongolia. Results should provide us with a better understanding of tree responses to varying amounts of irrigation with or without fertilizer in pursuit of sustainable forest management in arid and semiarid ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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40. Effects of Shade and Planting Methods on the Growth of Heracleum moellendorffii and Adenophora divaricata in Different Soil Moisture and Nutrient Conditions.
- Author
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Youn, Woo Bin, Hernandez, Jonathan Ogayon, and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
COMPETITION (Biology) ,TREE crops ,UNDERSTORY plants ,PLANTING ,PLANT growth - Abstract
In this study, the interacting effects of shade and planting methods on the growth and competitive ability of two understory plants Heracleum moellendorffii Hance and Adenophora divaricata Franch. & Sav. were investigated under different soil moisture and nutrient conditions. One-year-old seedlings were subjected to different light levels (0%, 35%, and 55% shade) and planting methods (monoculture and mixed) under contrasting soil moisture (1.2 L/m
2 and 2.3 L/m2 of water) and soil nutrient conditions (unfertilized and fertilized). Here, shading significantly improved the height growth of H. moellendorffii (10–20 cm increase) in unfertilized and fertilized plots and at high soil moisture conditions. Contrarily, A. divaricata seedlings planted singly at full sunlight yielded a higher aboveground biomass growth (8–17 g plant−1 ), compared with those shaded and intercropped seedlings (0.9–3.9 g plant−1 ). The increased competitiveness of H. moellendorffii suppressed the growth of A. divaricata across different light conditions when planted together. The amount of light, soil moisture, and nutrients and their interactions significantly affected the growth of the seedlings, resulting in asymmetric interspecific competition between the two species. Results provide us with a better understanding of the environmental factors affecting plant growth for forest farming in the understory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
41. A Decade's Change in Vegetation Productivity and Its Response to Climate Change over Northeast China.
- Author
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Yan, Min, Xue, Mei, Zhang, Li, Tian, Xin, Chen, Bowei, Dong, Yuqi, and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
VEGETATION dynamics ,CLIMATE change ,STANDARD deviations ,TREE-rings ,SOLAR radiation - Abstract
In this study, we simulated vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) using the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) between 2003 and 2012 over Northeast China, a region that is significantly affected by climate change. The NPP was then validated against the measurements that were calculated from tree ring data, with a determination coefficient (R
2 ) = 0.84 and the root mean square error (RMSE) = 42.73 gC/m2 ·a. Overall, the NPP showed an increasing trend over Northeast China, with the average rate being 4.48 gC/m2 ·a. Subsequently, partial correlation and lag analysis were conducted between the NPP and climatic factors. The partial correlation analysis suggested that temperature was the predominant factor that accounted for changes in the forest NPP. Solar radiation was the main factor that affected the forest NPP, and the grass NPP was the most closely associated with precipitation. The relative humidity substantially affected the annual variability of the shrub and crop NPPs. The lag time of the NPP related to precipitation increased with the vegetation growth, and it was found that the lag period of the forest was longer than that of grass and crops, whereas the cumulative lag month of the forest was shorter. This comprehensive analysis of the response of the vegetation NPP to climate change can provide scientific references for the managing departments that oversee relevant resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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42. The Use of Deep Container and Heterogeneous Substrate as Potentially Effective Nursery Practice to Produce Good Quality Nodal Seedlings of Populus sibirica Tausch.
- Author
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Park, Byung Bae, Han, Si Ho, Hernandez, Jonathan O., An, Ji Young, Nyam-Osor, Batkhuu, Jung, Mun Ho, Lee, Peter Sang-Hoon, and Lee, Sang Ick
- Subjects
SEEDLING quality ,PLANT nurseries ,SOIL depth ,ROOT growth ,SURFACE preparation ,TROPICAL dry forests ,POPLARS - Abstract
Nursery practices are considered major factors influencing seedling quality, which are likely to be maintained in the early establishment phase in the field. Here, we investigated the effects of container depth and substrate heterogeneity on the growth of Populus sibirica nodal seedlings to suggest an effective nursery practice for producing quality seedlings appropriate for forest establishment in a dry environment. We used two substrate heterogeneities (homogeneous and heterogeneous) and two container depth treatments (30 and 60 cm). Variations in root collar diameter (RCD) growth, height growth, stem and root biomass, root to stem ratio, and root mass in the first 15 cm depth from the soil surface across the treatments were computed. Results revealed that both substrate heterogeneity and container depth had no significant effects on the RCD and height growth of P. sibirica seedlings but significantly improved their root and stem biomass. Seedlings in the 60 cm containers generally accumulated higher root biomass than those in the 30 cm containers. There was an interaction effect of container depth and substrate heterogeneity treatments on root and total dry mass, such that seedlings grown in the 60 cm container using heterogeneous substrate resulted in the highest root and total biomass. Analyses of proportional root growth in the upper 15 cm of the containers compared to the total indicated that both the main effects of deeper containers (60 cm) and heterogeneous substrate have fewer roots at this depth, indicating a greater root density in the bottom of the deeper containers. Therefore, deeper containers and heterogeneous substrate may be used as an effective nursery practice to produce seedlings with root traits potentially suitable for harsh conditions, such as arid and semi-arid environments. However, further studies using other seedling morphological traits in conjunction with field-trial tests are needed for a definitive assessment of the effectiveness of deeper containers and heterogeneous substrate in producing good quality seedlings potentially suitable in a dry environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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43. Anthropogenic Pressure on Tree Species Diversity, Composition, and Growth of Balanites aegyptiaca in Dinder Biosphere Reserve, Sudan.
- Author
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Mohammed, Elmugheira M. I., H., Elhag A. M., Ndakidemi, Patrick A., Treydte, Anna C., Maldia, Lerma SJ, and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
BIOSPHERE reserves ,SPECIES diversity ,FOREST biodiversity ,FOREST density ,WILDLIFE conservation - Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances, such as illegal harvesting and livestock browsing, often affect natural forests. However, the resulting tree species diversity, composition, and population structure have rarely been quantified. We assessed tree species diversity and importance value indices and, in particular, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. population structure, across 100 sample plots of 25 m × 40 m in disturbed and non-disturbed sites at the Dinder Biosphere Reserve, Sudan, from April 2019 to April 2020. We found that the tree species diversity in non-disturbed sites was more than double that of disturbed sites (p < 0.001, T = 32.6), and seedlings and saplings comprised more than 72% of the entire tree population (F
2,48 = 116.4, p = 0.034; F2,48 = 163.2, p = 0.021, respectively). The tree density of B. aegyptiaca in the disturbed site was less than half that of the non-disturbed site (p = 0.018, T = 2.6). Balanites aegyptiaca was seven times more aggregated in disturbed sites compared to more regularly spaced trees in non-disturbed sites (T = 39.3 and p < 0.001). The poor B. aegyptiaca population status of the disturbed site shows that the conservation of this vulnerable species is essential for a sustainable management and utilization scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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44. Climate-Driven Plant Response and Resilience on the Tibetan Plateau in Space and Time: A Review.
- Author
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Bhattarai, Prakash, Zheng, Zhoutao, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Adhikari, Yagya Prasad, Zhang, Yangjian, and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
VEGETATION dynamics ,BIOLOGICAL extinction ,CLIMATE change ,PLANT communities - Abstract
Climate change variation on a small scale may alter the underlying processes determining a pattern operating at large scale and vice versa. Plant response to climate change on individual plant levels on a fine scale tends to change population structure, community composition and ecosystem processes and functioning. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on plant response and resilience to climate change in space and time at different scales on the Tibetan Plateau. We report that spatiotemporal variation in temperature and precipitation dynamics drives the vegetation and ecosystem function on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), following the water–energy dynamics hypothesis. Increasing temperature with respect to time increased the net primary productivity (NPP) on most parts of the Tibetan Plateau, but the productivity dynamics on some parts were constrained by 0.3 °C decade
−1 rising temperature. Moreover, we report that accelerating studies on plant community assemblage and their contribution to ecosystem functioning may help to identify the community response and resilience to climate extremes. Furthermore, records on species losses help to build the sustainable management plan for the entire Tibetan Plateau. We recommend that incorporating long-term temporal data with multiple factor analyses will be helpful to formulate the appropriate measures for a healthy ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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45. Research Trends and Methodological Approaches of the Impacts of Windstorms on Forests in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Zones: Where Are We Now and How Should Research Move Forward?
- Author
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Hernandez, Jonathan O., Maldia, Lerma S.J., and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
TROPICAL forests ,WINDSTORMS ,TREE mortality ,FOREST management ,COMMUNITY forests ,BIOLOGICAL invasions ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation - Abstract
Windstorm is one of the destructive natural disturbances, but the scale-link extent to which recurrent windstorms influenced forests ecosystems is poorly understood in a changing climate across regions. We reviewed the synergistic impacts of windstorms on forests and assessed research trends and methodological approaches from peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2020 in tropical (TRF), subtropical (SUF), and temperate (TEF) forests/zones, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, the majority of the reviewed studies were conducted in TRF (i.e., 40%), intermediate in SUF (i.e., 34%), and the lowest in TEF (i.e., 26%). Among the four levels of biological organization, the species-population and community-ecosystem levels had the highest number of study cases, while the molecular-cellular-individual and landscape levels had the lowest study cases in all forest types. Most of the articles reviewed dealt largely on tree mortality/survival and regeneration/succession for TRF, tree mortality/survival and species composition/richness/diversity for SUF, and stem density, gap dynamics, and regeneration/succession for TEF. However, research on the effects of windstorms on mycorrhizal symbioses, population genetics, and physiological adaptation, element fluxes via litterfall, litter decomposition, belowground processes, biological invasion, and tree health are less common in all forest types. Further, most of the studies were conducted in permanent plots but these studies mostly used observational design, while controlled studies are obviously limited. Consequently, more observational and controlled studies are needed on the topic reviewed, particularly studies at the molecular-cellular-individual and landscape levels, to help inform forest management decision-making about developing sustainable and resilient forests amid climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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46. Effective Placement Methods of Vermicompost Application in Urban Tree Species: Implications for Sustainable Urban Afforestation.
- Author
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Dao, Huong Thi Thuy, Seo, Jeong Min, Hernandez, Jonathan O., Han, Si Ho, Youn, Woo Bin, An, Ji Young, and Park, Byung Bae
- Abstract
Knowledge on growth and nutrient uptake characteristics of urban trees and effective strategies to grow trees can help accomplish the goal of urban afforestation initiatives in a sustainable way. Thus, the study investigated the effects of different vermicompost (VC) application placements on the growth and nutrient uptake of three contrasting tree species (fast-growing Betula platyphylla and Larix kaempferi and slow-growing Chamaecyparis obtusa) to provide implications for growing tree stocks for sustainable urban afforestation programs. Five placement methods were used in the greenhouse trial: no fertilization (CON), surface placement (VC
s ), subsurface placement at 6-cm depth (VCc ), bottom placement (35-cm depth (VCb )), and mixed with soil (VCm ). We measured the growth parameters such as height, root collar diameter (RCD), and biomass and analyzed foliar nutrient concentrations in response to different placement treatments of VC. Relative height growth was the highest at VCc (132% (B. platyphylla), 114% (L. kaempferi)) and VCs ((57%) C. obtusa). Significant improvement in aboveground and belowground biomass growth of all species at VCs and VCc compared to the other treatments was also observed. Generally, VC treatments significantly increased N concentration compared to CON in all species. In conclusion, fertilizing the fast- and slow-growing urban tree species using VCs and/or VCc is relevant to growing high quality planting stocks for sustainable urban afforestation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Comparison of Allometric Equation and Destructive Measurement of Carbon Storage of Naturally Regenerated Understory in a Pinus rigida Plantation in South Korea.
- Author
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Han, Si Ho and Park, Byung Bae
- Subjects
ALLOMETRIC equations ,PLANT biomass ,NUTRIENT cycles ,PLANTATIONS ,CARBON cycle ,BIOMASS - Abstract
The forest understory plays an important role in the carbon and nutrient cycling and forest stability, but cost-efficient quantification of its biomass remains challenging. Most of the existing biomass allometric equations have been developed and designed only for mature forest trees (i.e., Diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm), and those for trees with DBH less than 10 cm are not readily available. In this study, we compared the biomass by plant component (i.e., foliage, branch, and stem) measured by a destructive method with those estimated by the existing biomass allometric equations for understory trees with DBH less than 10 cm in a Pinus rigida plantation. We also developed an allometric biomass equation for the identified understory tree species, namely, Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, and Carpinus laxiflora. The estimated biomass using allometric equations for foliage, branch, and stem was lower than the values obtained using the destructive method by 64%, 41%, and 18%, respectively. The biomass allometric equations developed in this study showed high coefficients of determination (mean R
2 = 0.970) but varied depending on species and tree part (range: 0.824–0.984 for foliage, 0.825–0.952 for branch, and 0.884–0.999 for the stem, respectively). The computed biomass of the understory vegetation was 22.9 Mg ha−1 , representing 12.0% of the total biomass of the P. rigida plantation. The present study demonstrates that understory trees with DBH less than 10 cm account for a considerable portion of carbon stock in forest ecosystems, and therefore suggests that more biomass allometric equations should be optimized for small-DBH trees to improve forest carbon stock estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Carbon and Nutrient Inputs by Litterfall in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests in Korea.
- Author
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Park, Byung Bae, Rahman, Afroja, Han, Si Ho, Youn, Woo Bin, Hyun, Hwa Ja, Hernandez, Jonathan, and An, Ji Young
- Subjects
FORESTS & forestry ,MIXED forests ,PLANT nutrients ,FOREST microclimatology ,FOREST reserves ,NUTRIENT cycles ,DECIDUOUS forests ,ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen - Abstract
Knowledge about carbon and nutrient fluxes by litterfall is important for understanding nutrient cycling in geologically unique ecosystems. However, the determination of forest litterfall production patterns is difficult due to many biophysical factors influencing the process. In this study, we (1) quantified the litterfall production and carbon and nutrient fluxes in warm-temperate evergreen forest stands in Jeju Gotjawal and (2) compared these values to those of a typical cool-temperate deciduous forest stand by forest types and climate differences. Litterfall from evergreen broadleaved forests at Cheongsu (CS) and Seonheul (SH
b ), a mixed forest at Seonheul (SHm ) in Jeju Gotjawal, and a deciduous broadleaved forest at Chungnam National University Forest (CNU) was collected for a full two years using litter traps. Samples were sorted into leaves, twigs, barks, seeds, and unidentified materials, and then weighed and measured for C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg fluxes by litterfall. Results showed that the mean annual litterfall (846.3 g m−2 , average of CS, SHb , and SHm ) at Jeju Gotjawal was similar to that of CNU (885.5 g m−2 ), but varied by site in Jeju Gotjawal: CS (933.1 g m−2 ) was significantly higher than the average of SHb and SHm (802.9 g m−2 ). Seasonal patterns of litterfall production differed by forest types; evergreen broadleaved forests showed a bimodal peak in fall and spring while deciduous broadleaved forests showed a unimodal peak in fall. Jeju Gotjawal had significantly higher total macronutrient concentrations and contents (except for K) than CNU and they also varied by site in Jeju Gotjawal: CS had higher N, P, Ca, and Mg contents than SHb and SHm . We conclude that litterfall production and nutrient fluxes differed by forest stand as influenced by forest types and climate. Further, our findings are important for understanding carbon and nutrient dynamics in the geologically unique ecosystem of Jeju Gotjawal and other areas with similar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Metabolic Analysis of Four Cultivars of Liriope platyphylla.
- Author
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Park, Chang Ha, Morgan, Abubaker Mohammed Awad, Park, Byung Bae, Lee, Sook Young, Lee, Sanghyun, Kim, Jae Kwang, and Park, Sang Un
- Subjects
CAFFEIC acid ,PHENOLIC acids ,TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry ,CULTIVARS ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,QUINIC acid ,CHLOROGENIC acid - Abstract
Liriope platyphylla (Liliaceae), a medical plant distributed mainly in China, Taiwan, and Korea, has been used traditionally for the treatment of cough, sputum, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study involved the metabolic profiling of this plant and reports spicatoside A accumulation in four different varieties of L. platyphylla (Cheongyangjaerae, Seongsoo, Cheongsim, and Liriope Tuber No. 1) using HPLC and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOFMS). A total of 47 metabolites were detected in the different cultivars using GC–TOFMS-based metabolic profiling. The resulting data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for determining the whole experimental variation, and the different cultivars were separated by score plots. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering, Pearson's correlation, and partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) were subsequently performed to determine significant differences in the various metabolites of the cultivars. The HPLC data revealed that the presence of spicatoside A was detected in all four cultivars, with the amount of spicatoside A varying among them. Among the cultivars, Liriope Tuber No. 1 contained the highest amount of spicatoside A (1.83 ± 0.13 mg/g dry weight), followed by Cheongyangjaerae (1.25 ± 0.01 mg/g dry weight), Cheongsim (1.09 ± 0.04 mg/g dry weight), and Seongsoo (1.01 ± 0.02 mg/g dry weight). The identification of spicatoside A was confirmed by comparing the retention time of the sample with the retention time of the standard. Moreover, the Cheongsim cultivar contained higher levels of phenolic compounds—including vanillic acid, quinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and benzoic acid—than those of the other two cultivars. On the other hand, the levels of amino acids were higher in the Seongsoo cultivar. Therefore, this study may help breeders produce new varieties with improved nutraceutical and nutritional qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Leaf morpho-physiological traits of Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila in different irrigation regimes and fertilizer types.
- Author
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Byambadorj SO, Hernandez JO, Lkhagvasuren S, Erma G, Sharavdorj K, Park BB, and Nyam-Osor B
- Subjects
- Fertilizers, Plant Leaves, Chlorophyll, Water physiology, Ulmus, Populus
- Abstract
Background: The impacts of climate change, such as increased soil dryness and nutrient deficiency, highlight the need for environmentally sustainable restoration of forests and groundwater resources. However, it is important to consider that extensive afforestation efforts may lead to a depletion of groundwater supply due to higher evapotranspiration rates, exacerbating water scarcity issues. Consequently, we conducted a study to examine how the fast-growing tree species Populus sibirica (Horth ex Tausch) and Ulmus pumila (L.) respond morpho-physiologically to varying watering regimes and types of fertilizers, aiming to better understand their specific water and nutrient requirements., Methods: We used two-year-old nursery-growth seedlings ( N = 512) of P. sibirica and U. pumila with initial root collar diameter (RCD) and the height of 0.51 ± 0.02 mm and 68 ± 2.94 cm and 0.33 ± 0.01 mm and 51 ± 1.14 cm, respectively. The leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance (g
s ), chlorophyll fluorescence, and predawn and midday leaf water potential were measured across treatments. Four different irrigation regimes and two different fertilizer types were applied: no irrigation (control, 0 L h-1 ), 2 L h-1 = 0.25 mm m-2 , 4 L h-1 = 0.5 mm m-2 , 8 L h-1 = 1.0 mm m-2 and 120 g and 500 g tree-1 of NPK and compost (COMP). Twelve plots (600 m2 ) were established in the study site for each species and treatments., Results: During the first growing season (2021), the LA of P. sibirica was larger in the 4-8 L h-1 without fertilizer, but it was smaller in the 4 L h-1 + COMP during the second growing season (2022). The 2 L h-1 without fertilizer and 2 L h-1 + NPK had larger LA compared with the control (CONT) for the first and second growing seasons, respectively, for U. pumila. P. sibirica seedlings at 4 L h-1 without fertilizer had the highest SLA for 2021 and at 2 L h-1 + NPK for 2022, whereas CONT and 4 L h-1 had the highest SLA than the other treatments for 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, respectively, for U. pumila. The chlorophyll concentration of P. sibirica seedlings in the first year was generally higher in CONT, while the 2 L h-1 without any fertilizer yielded a significantly higher chlorophyll concentration of U. pumila. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (PIABS and Fm ) were generally lower in CONT with/without NPK or COMP for both species. The CONT with NPK/COMP generally had a higher gs compared with the other treatments in both experimental periods for U. pumila, whereas CONT and 2 L h-1 + NPK-treated P. sibirica seedlings had a significantly greater gs during the first year and second year, respectively. The predawn and midday leaf water potentials of both species were generally the lowest in CONT, followed by 2 L h-1 + NPK/COMP during the first growing season, but a different pattern was observed during the second growing season. Overall, the morpho-physiological traits of the two species were affected by watering and fertilizer treatments, and the magnitude of the effects varied depending on growing season, amount of irrigation, and fertilizer type, and their interactions., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2023 Byambadorj et al.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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