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Liveness detection technology has become an important application in daily life, and it is used in scenarios including mobile phone face unlock, face payment, and remote authentication. However, if attackers use fake video generation technology to generate realistic face-swapping videos to attack the living body detection system in the above scenarios, it will pose a huge threat to the security of these scenarios. Aiming at this problem, four state-of-the-art Deepfake technologies were used to generate a large number of face-changing pictures and videos as test samples, and use these samples to test the online API interfaces of commercial live detection platforms such as Baidu and Tencent. The test results show that the detection success rate of Deepfake images is generally very low by the major commercial live detection platforms currently used, and they are more sensitive to the quality of images, and the false detection rate of real images is also high. The main reason for the analysis may be that these platforms were mainly designed for traditional living detection attack methods such as printing photo attacks, screen remake attacks, and silicone mask attacks, and did not integrate advanced face-changing detection technology into their liveness detection. In the algorithm, these platforms cannot effectively deal with Deepfake attacks. Therefore, an integrated live detection method Integranet was proposed, which was obtained by integrating four detection algorithms for different image features. It could effectively detect traditional attack methods such as printed photos and screen remakes. It could also effectively detect against advanced Deepfake attacks. The detection effect of Integranet was verified on the test data set. The results show that the detection success rate of Deepfake images by proposed Integranet detection method is at least 35% higher than that of major commercial live detection platforms.

The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on degradation of bitumen have received much attention from both academic and industrial points of view. However, quantitative evaluations of bitumen photo-oxidation in pavements have apparently not been determined. In this study, the effects of photo-oxidation of bitumen were investigated by exposing pressed thin films of bitumen. The data for thermal aging only were compared with corresponding data for photo-oxidation from exposure to UV radiation. The levels of aging were evaluated by following increases in the carbonyl functional group, and increases in viscosity. The results indicated that both thermal and UV aging occurred during exposure in the UV radiation oven test for thin bitumen films of both unmodified and SBS-modified bitumen. UV aging had a significant effect on bitumen properties, particularly when the bitumen film thickness was less than 150 [micro]m. Results also showed that the level of UV irradiation intensity had a significant influence on the level of photo-oxidation of the bitumen. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000010 CE Database subject headings: Asphalts; Aging; Ultraviolet radiation; Temperature effects; Laboratory tests. Author keywords: Bitumen; Aging; Ultraviolet radiation; Film thickness; Temperature.

Background: Acute autonomic neuropathy (AAN) is rare disorder with anecdotal report, especially for childhood onset patients. Misdiagnosis or delays in treatment can always be found in clinical practice. We conducted this study to give a description of the manifestations and treatment of AAN in children and therefore help clinicians to make the accurate diagnosis early so that the prognosis of the patients can be improved.Methods: A systematic record from 3 clinical centers was used to identify 11 subject, 3 males and 8 females, with clinical diagnosed AAN.Result: The age ranged from 2 years and 4 months to 14 years and 6 months (mean, 9 ± 3.6 years old) and the course from onset to diagnosis ranged from 7 days to 8 months. All children shared prominent initial symptoms, 7 with frequent vomiting and 4 with motor dysfunctions. The condition of 9 patients improved after treatment of IVIg and intravenous glucocorticoid.Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of AAN are diverse, generalized, and non-specific. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most common initial symptoms. Symptoms of gastrointestinal system and abnormal secretion of glands were severe and more common than other symptoms. The mechanism of AAN remains unknown. Although IVIg and intravenous glucocorticoid can be used in clinical practice, there is still no treatment recommendation and further study is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Infantile spasm (IS) is characterized by spasm seizure, hypsarrhythmia in EEG, and psychomotor retardation. It is refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). As first line therapy for IS, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) has side effects, such as infection and hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of magnesium sulfate combined with ACTH treatment by open-label clinical trial. Methods An open-label clinical study was designed. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, objects were inpatients with IS. A total of 55 patients with IS were enrolled. After clinical data collection, standard magnesium sulfate combined with ACTH was given to the patients for 2 weeks. Efficacy and safety were assessed regularly. The evaluation parameters of efficacy included change of spasm seizure frequency and EEG after treatment. During administration process, vital signs were monitored, laboratory items were tested regularly, and adverse events were daily recorded by guardian. Results After treatment of magnesium sulfate combined with ACTH for 2 weeks, seizure control efficiency was 78.18%(43/55), and the improvement rate of EEG was 55.77% (29/52), wherein 25 patients (45.45%) acquired seizure free, 6 patients (11.54%) presented normal in EEG examination. There were no statistical differences of the effect of different onset ages (⩾ 4 months, > 4 months) on seizure control efficiency rate (χ2 = 0.595, P = 0.441) and EEG improvement rate (χ2 = 1.325, P = 0.250), the effect of different courses of disease (⩽ 2 months, > 2 months) on seizure control efficiency rate (Fisher's exact test: P = 0.735) and EEG improvement rate ( χ 2 = 2.668, P = 0.102), and the effect of different etiologies (idiopathic or cryptogenic IS, symptomatic IS) on seizure control efficiency rate (Fisher's exact test: P = 1.000) and EEG improvement rate ( χ 2 = 2.215, P = 0.145). No adverse events, such as hypertension, occurred. After long-term (1 month, 3 months and 12 months) follow-up for 29 patients, seizure free rate remained roughly unchanged (χ2 = 0.945, P = 0.815). Conclusions For patients with IS, magnesium sulfate combined with ACTH treatment is effective and well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To explore the application effects of whole course high-quality nursing on patients with liver cancer during radiotherapy., Methods: One hundred and five patients with liver cancer who received radiotherapy in Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China from March 2010 to February 2012 were selected and divided into a control group (42 cases with routine nursing) and an experimental group (63 cases with whole course high-quality nursing). The two groups of patients were observed and compared in terms of clinical data and the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) score before and after nursing (1 course of treatment/6 week). The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate and compare the patients' anxiety and depression before and after nursing. Adverse reactions during radiotherapy and nursing satisfactory of patients were observed and compared between the two groups., Results: After nursing, the ADL score and the nursing satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The SDS and SAS scores in the 2 groups before nursing were significantly higher than those after nursing ( P <0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Whole course high-quality nursing can improve the negative emotions, quality of life and nursing satisfaction, and reduce adverse reactions of patients with liver cancer during radiotherapy., (Copyright© Iranian Public Health Association & Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Aim: To preliminarily investigate the prognostic significance of the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC)., Methods: Clinical data of 316 surgical GBC patients were analyzed retrospectively, and preoperative serum platelet and lymphocyte counts were used to calculate the PLR. The optimal cut-off value of the PLR for detecting death was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The primary outcome was overall survival, which was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare the differences in survival. Then, we conducted multivariate Cox analysis to assess the independent effect of the PLR on the survival of GBC patients., Results: For the PLR, the area under the ROC curve was 0.620 (95%CI: 0.542-0.698, P = 0.040) in detecting death. The cut-off value for the PLR was determined to be 117.7, with 73.6% sensitivity and 53.2% specificity. The PLR was found to be significantly positively correlated with CA125 serum level, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, and tumor differentiation. Univariate analysis identified carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125 and CA199 levels, PLR, TNM stage, and the degree of differentiation as significant prognostic factors for GBC when they were expressed as binary data. Multivariate analysis showed that CA125 > 35 U/mL, CA199 > 39 U/mL, PLR ≥ 117.7, and TNM stage IV were independently associated with poor survival in GBC. When expressed as a continuous variable, the PLR was still an independent predictor for survival, with a hazard ratio of 1.018 (95%CI: 1.001-1.037 per 10-unit increase, P = 0.043)., Conclusion: The PLR could be used as a simple, inexpensive, and valuable tool for predicting the prognosis of GBC patients.