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1. Progress Toward Poliovirus Containment Implementation — Worldwide, 2019–2020

Author

Moffett, Daphne B., Llewellyn, Anna, Singh, Harpal, Saxentoff, Eugene, Partridge, Jeffrey, Boualam, Liliane, Pallansch, Mark, Wassilak, Steven, Asghar, Humayun, Roesel, Sigrun, Grabovac, Varja, Rey-Benito, Gloria, Barnor, Jacob, Theo, Andros, Swan, Joseph, Iakovenko, Maria, Baig, Najam, Gurung, Santosh, Pandel, Ekkehart, and Zaffran, Michel

Published
2020

3. Certifying the interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the WHO African region on the turbulent journey to a polio-free world

Author

Fomban Leke, Rose Gana, King, Arlene, Pallansch, Mark A, Tangermann, Rudolf H, Mkanda, Pascal, Chunsuttiwat, Supamit, Jack, Abdoulie, Kaboré, B Jean, Kane, Ibrahima, Khomo, Ngokoana Esther, Lopes-Feio, Raul Jorge, Maiga, Zakaria Mahamadine, Matuja, William Bahati Pungu, Kironde, Naddumba Edward, Kouassi, Beugré, Sadrizadeh, Bijan, and Tomori, Oyewale

Published
2020
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4. Increase in Acute Flaccid Myelitis — United States, 2018

Author

McKay, Susannah L., Lee, Adria D., Lopez, Adriana S., Nix, W. Allan, Dooling, Kathleen L., Keaton, Amelia A., Spence-Davizon, Emily, Herlihy, Rachel, Clark, Thomas A., Hopkins, Sarah E., Pastula, Daniel M., Sejvar, James, Oberste, M. Steven, Pallansch, Mark A., Patel, Manisha, and Routh, Janell A.

Published
2018

5. Progress in poliovirus containment--worldwide, 2019-2020/Progres du confinement des poliovirus dans le monde, 2019-2020

Author

Moffett, Daphne B., Llewellyn, Anna, Singh, Harpal, Saxentoff, Eugene, Partridge, Jeffrey, Boualam, Liliane, Pallansch, Mark, Wassilak, Steven, Asghar, Humayun, Roesel, Sigrun, Grabovac, Varja, Rey-Benit, Gloria, Barnor, Jacob, Theo, Andros, Swan, Joseph, Iakovenko, Maria, Baig, Najam, Gurung, Santosh, Pandel, Ekkehart, and Zaffran, Michel

Subjects
Disease eradication, Government, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Introduction Since 1988, when WHO Member States and partners launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), the number of wild poliovirus (WPV) has decreased from 350 000 cases in 125 [...]

Published
2020

6. Update on vaccine-derived Polioviruses--worldwide, January 2018-June 2019/Le point sur les poliovirus derives d'une souche vaccinale dans le monde, janvier 2018-juin 2019

Author

Jorba, Jaume, Diop, Ousmane M., Iber, Jane, Henderson, Elizabeth, Zhao, Kun, Quddus, Arshad, Sutter, Roland W., Vertefeuille, John F., Wenger, Jay, Wasilak, Steven G.F., Pallansch, Mark A., and Burns, Cara C.

Subjects
Vaccines, Disease eradication, Vaccination, Poliomyelitis, Government, Health
Abstract

Global eradication of indigenous wild poliovirus type 2 was certified in 2015 and that of type 3 in 2019. Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in [...]

Published
2019

12. Characterization of a Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Author

Rota, Paul A., Oberste, M. Steven, Monroe, Stephan S., Nix, W. Allan, Campagnoli, Ray, Icenogle, Joseph P., Peñaranda, Silvia, Bankamp, Bettina, Maher, Kaija, Chen, Min-hsin, Tong, Suxiong, Tamin, Azaibi, Lowe, Luis, Frace, Michael, DeRisi, Joseph L., Chen, Qi, Wang, David, Erdman, Dean D., Burns, Cara, Ksiazek, Thomas G., Rollin, Pierre E., Sanchez, Anthony, Liffick, Stephanie, Holloway, Brian, Limor, Josef, McCaustland, Karen, Olsen-Rasmussen, Melissa, Fouchier, Ron, Günther, Stephan, Drosten, Christian, Pallansch, Mark A., Anderson, Larry J., and Bellini, William J.

Published
2003

13. Outbreak of Poliomyelitis in Hispaniola Associated with Circulating Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus

Author

Kew, Olen, Morris-Glasgow, Victoria, Landaverde, Mauricio, Burns, Cara, Shaw, Jing, Garib, Zacarias, André, Jean, Blackman, Elizabeth, Freeman, C. Jason, Jorba, Jaume, Sutter, Roland, Tambini, Gina, Venczel, Linda, Pedreira, Cristina, Laender, Fernando, Shimizu, Hiroyuki, Yoneyama, Tetsuo, Miyamura, Tatsuo, van der Avoort, Harrie, Oberste, M. Steven, Kilpatrick, David, Cochi, Stephen, Pallansch, Mark, and de Quadros, Ciro

Published
2002

20. First Confirmed Cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection in the United States, Updated Information on the Epidemiology of MERS-CoV Infection, and Guidance for the Public, Clinicians, and Public Health Authorities — May 2014

Author

Bialek, Stephanie R., Allen, Donna, Alvarado-Ramy, Francisco, Arthur, Ray, Balajee, Arunmozhi, Bell, David, Best, Susan, Blackmore, Carina, Breakwell, Lucy, Cannons, Andrew, Brown, Clive, Cetron, Martin, Chea, Nora, Chommanard, Christina, Cohen, Nicole, Conover, Craig, Crespo, Antonio, Creviston, Jeanean, Curns, Aaron T., Dahl, Rebecca, Dearth, Stephanie, Alfred, DeMaria, Echols, Fred, Erdman, Dean D., Feikin, Daniel, Frias, Mabel, Gerber, Susan I., Gulati, Reena, Hale, Christa, Haynes, Lia M., Heberlein-Larson, Lea, Holton, Kelly, Ijaz, Kashef, Kapoor, Minal, Kohl, Katrin, Kuhar, David T., Kumar, Alan M., Kundich, Marianne, Lippold, Susan, Liu, Lixia, Lovchik, Judith C., Madoff, Larry, Martell, Sandra, Matthews, Sarah, Moore, Jessica, Murray, Linda R., Onofrey, Shauna, Pallansch, Mark A., Pesik, Nicki, Pham, Huong, Pillai, Satish, Pontones, Pam, Poser, Sarah, Pringle, Kimberly, Pritchard, Scott, Rasmussen, Sonja, Richards, Shawn, Sandoval, Michelle, Schneider, Eileen, Schuchat, Anne, Sheedy, Kristine, Sherin, Kevin, Swerdlow, David L., Tappero, Jordan W., Vernon, Michael O., Watkins, Sharon, and Watson, John

Published
2014

21. Multifacility outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Author

Assiri, Abdullah, Abedi, Glen R., Saeed, Abdulaziz A. Bin, Abdalla, Mutwakil A., Masry, Malak al-, Choudhry, Abdul Jamil, Lu, Xiaoyan, Erdman, Dean D., Tatti, Kathleen, Binder, Alison M., Rudd, Jessica, Tokars, Jerome, Miao, Congrong, Alarbash, Hussain, Nooh, Randa, Pallansch, Mark, Gerber, Susan I., and Watson, John T.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Medical personnel -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel betacoronavirus associated with a broad spectrum of respiratory illness; infection results in death in ≅35%-40% of cases (1). Since the [...]

Published
2016
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23. Health care worker contact with MERS patient, Saudi Arabia

Author

Hall, Aron J., Tokars, Jerome I., Badreddine, Samar A., Saad, Ziad Bin, Furukawa, Elaine, Masri, Malak Al, Haynes, Lia M., Gerber, Susan I., Kuhar, David T., Miao, Congrong, Trivedi, Suvang U., Pallansch, Mark A., Hajjeh, Rana, and Memish, Ziad A.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health care industry -- International economic relations -- Health aspects, Medical personnel -- Health aspects, Health care industry, Health
Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was initially isolated in September 2012 from a 60-year-old man from Bisha, Saudi Arabia (1). In June 2012, this index case-patient was hospitalized for [...]

Published
2014
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26. Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak — United States, December 31, 2019–February 4, 2020

Author

Patel, Anita, Jernigan, Daniel B., Abdirizak, Fatuma, Abedi, Glen, Aggarwal, Sharad, Albina, Denise, Allen, Elizabeth, Andersen, Lauren, Anderson, Jade, Anderson, Megan, Anderson, Tara, Anderson, Kayla, Bardossy, Ana Cecilia, Barry, Vaughn, Beer, Karlyn, Bell, Michael, Berger, Sherri, Bertulfo, Joseph, Biggs, Holly, Bornemann, Jennifer, Bornstein, Josh, Bower, Willie, Bresee, Joseph, Brown, Clive, Budd, Alicia, Buigut, Jennifer, Burke, Stephen, Burke, Rachel, Burns, Erin, Butler, Jay, Cantrell, Russell, Cardemil, Cristina, Cates, Jordan, Cetron, Marty, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, Chatham-Stevens, Kevin, Chea, Nora, Christensen, Bryan, Chu, Victoria, Clarke, Kevin, Cleveland, Angela, Cohen, Nicole, Cohen, Max, Cohn, Amanda, Collins, Jennifer, Dahl, Rebecca, Daley, Walter, Dasari, Vishal, Davlantes, Elizabeth, Dawson, Patrick, Delaney, Lisa, Donahue, Matthew, Dowell, Chad, Dyal, Jonathan, Edens, William, Eidex, Rachel, Epstein, Lauren, Evans, Mary, Fagan, Ryan, Farris, Kevin, Feldstein, Leora, Fox, LeAnne, Frank, Mark, Freeman, Brandi, Fry, Alicia, Fuller, James, Galang, Romeo, Gerber, Sue, Gokhale, Runa, Goldstein, Sue, Gorman, Sue, Gregg, William, Greim, William, Grube, Steven, Hall, Aron, Haynes, Amber, Hill, Sherrasa, Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer, Hunter, Jennifer, Ionta, Christopher, Isenhour, Cheryl, Jacobs, Max, Slifka, Kara Jacobs, Jernigan, Daniel, Jhung, Michael, Jones-Wormley, Jamie, Kambhampati, Anita, Kamili, Shifaq, Kennedy, Pamela, Kent, Charlotte, Killerby, Marie, Kim, Lindsay, Kirking, Hannah, Koonin, Lisa, Koppaka, Ram, Kosmos, Christine, Kuhar, David, Kuhnert-Tallman, Wendi, Kujawski, Stephanie, Kumar, Archana, Landon, Alexander, Lee, Leslie, Leung, Jessica, Lindstrom, Stephen, Link-Gelles, Ruth, Lively, Joana, Lu, Xiaoyan, Lynch, Brian, Malapati, Lakshmi, Mandel, Samantha, Manns, Brian, Marano, Nina, Marlow, Mariel, Marston, Barbara, McClung, Nancy, McClure, Liz, McDonald, Emily, McGovern, Oliva, Messonnier, Nancy, Midgley, Claire, Moulia, Danielle, Murray, Janna, Noelte, Kate, Noonan-Smith, Michelle, Nordlund, Kristen, Norton, Emily, Oliver, Sara, Pallansch, Mark, Parashar, Umesh, Patel, Manisha, Pettrone, Kristen, Pierce, Taran, Pietz, Harald, Pillai, Satish, Radonovich, Lewis, Reagan-Steiner, Sarah, Reel, Amy, Reese, Heather, Rha, Brian, Ricks, Philip, Rolfes, Melissa, Roohi, Shahrokh, Roper, Lauren, Rotz, Lisa, Routh, Janell, Sakthivel, Senthil Kumar, Sarmiento, Luisa, Schindelar, Jessica, Schneider, Eileen, Schuchat, Anne, Scott, Sarah, Shetty, Varun, Shockey, Caitlin, Shugart, Jill, Stenger, Mark, Stuckey, Matthew, Sunshine, Brittany, Sykes, Tamara, Trapp, Jonathan, Uyeki, Timothy, Vahey, Grace, Valderrama, Amy, Villanueva, Julie, Walker, Tunicia, Wallace, Megan, Wang, Lijuan, Watson, John, Weber, Angie, Weinbaum, Cindy, Weldon, William, Westnedge, Caroline, Whitaker, Brett, Whitaker, Michael, Williams, Alcia, Williams, Holly, Willams, Ian, Wong, Karen, Xie, Amy, and Yousef, Anna

Subjects
Health (social science), Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Immigration, 030230 surgery, 01 natural sciences, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, State (polity), Health Information Management, Interim, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Infection control, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Full Report, media_common, Transmission (medicine), Health Policy, General Medicine, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Public Health, Medical emergency, Epidemiological Monitoring, Coronavirus Infections, Mainland China, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease cluster, Health(social science), Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, 0101 mathematics, China, Pandemics, Health policy, Infection Control, Transplantation, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, Outbreak, medicine.disease, United States, Family medicine, Reports from the Cdc: MMWR, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S, business
Abstract

On December 31, 2019, Chinese health officials reported a cluster of cases of acute respiratory illness in persons associated with the Hunan seafood and animal market in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, in central China. On January 7, 2020, Chinese health officials confirmed that a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was associated with this initial cluster (1). As of February 4, 2020, a total of 20,471 confirmed cases, including 2,788 (13.6%) with severe illness,* and 425 deaths (2.1%) had been reported by the National Health Commission of China (2). Cases have also been reported in 26 locations outside of mainland China, including documentation of some person-to-person transmission and one death (2). As of February 4, 11 cases had been reported in the United States. On January 30, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General declared that the 2019-nCoV outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.† On January 31, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary declared a U.S. public health emergency to respond to 2019-nCoV.§ Also on January 31, the president of the United States signed a "Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus," which limits entry into the United States of persons who traveled to mainland China to U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents and their families (3). CDC, multiple other federal agencies, state and local health departments, and other partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States (4,5). These measures require the identification of cases and their contacts in the United States and the appropriate assessment and care of travelers arriving from mainland China to the United States. These measures are being implemented in anticipation of additional 2019-nCoV cases in the United States. Although these measures might not prevent the eventual establishment of ongoing, widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare health care systems and the general public to be ready if widespread transmission with substantial associated illness occurs; and 3) better characterize 2019-nCoV infection to guide public health recommendations and the development of medical countermeasures including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Public health authorities are monitoring the situation closely. As more is learned about this novel virus and this outbreak, CDC will rapidly incorporate new knowledge into guidance for action by CDC and state and local health departments.

Published
2020

37. Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses: current state of knowledge

Author

Kew Olen M., Wright Peter F., Agol Vadim I., Delpeyroux Francis, Shimizu Hiroyuki, Nathanson Neal, and Pallansch Mark A.

Subjects
Poliovirus/genetics, Poliovirus/isolation and purification, Poliovirus vaccine, Oral/adverse effects, Poliomyelitis/etiology, Poliomyelitis/chemically induced, Poliomyelitis/prevention and control, Immunization programs, Disease outbreaks/Review literature, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Within the past 4 years, poliomyelitis outbreaks associated with circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have occurred in Hispaniola (2000-01), the Philippines (2001), and Madagascar (2001-02). Retrospective studies have also detected the circulation of endemic cVDPV in Egypt (1988-93) and the likely localized spread of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)-derived virus in Belarus (1965-66). Gaps in OPV coverage and the previous eradication of the corresponding serotype of indigenous wild poliovirus were the critical risk factors for all cVDPV outbreaks. The cVDPV outbreaks were stopped by mass immunization campaigns using OPV. To increase sensitivity for detecting vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), in 2001 the Global Polio Laboratory Network implemented additional testing requirements for all poliovirus isolates under investigation. This approach quickly led to the recognition of the Philippines and Madagascar cVDPV outbreaks, but of no other current outbreaks. The potential risk of cVDPV emergence has increased dramatically in recent years as wild poliovirus circulation has ceased in most of the world. The risk appears highest for the type 2 OPV strain because of its greater tendency to spread to contacts. The emergence of cVDPVs underscores the critical importance of eliminating the last pockets of wild poliovirus circulation, maintaining universally high levels of polio vaccine coverage, stopping OPV use as soon as it is safely possible to do so, and continuing sensitive poliovirus surveillance into the foreseeable future. Particular attention must be given to areas where the risks for wild poliovirus circulation have been highest, and where the highest rates of polio vaccine coverage must be maintained to suppress cVDPV emergence.

Published
2004

38. Search for poliovirus carriers among people with primary immune deficiency diseases in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and the United Kingdom

Author

Halsey Neal A., Pinto Jorge, Espinosa-Rosales Francisco, Faure-Fontenla María A., Silva Edson da, Khan Aamir J., Webster A.D.B., Minor Philip, Dunn Glynis, Asturias Edwin, Hussain Hamidah, Pallansch Mark A., Kew Olen M., Winkelstein Jerry, and Sutter Roland

Subjects
Poliovirus/isolation and purification, Carrier state, Poliomyelitis/chemically induced, Poliomyelitis/transmission, Poliovirus vaccine, Oral/adverse effects, IgA deficiency, IgG deficiency, Common variable immunodeficiency, Agammaglobulinemia, United States, Mexico, Brazil, United Kingdom, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the rate of long-term poliovirus excretors in people known to have B-cell immune deficiency disorders. METHODS: An active search for chronic excretors was conducted among 306 persons known to have immunoglobulin G (IgG) deficiency in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, and 40 people with IgA deficiency in the United States. Written informed consent or assent was obtained from the participants or their legal guardians, and the studies were formally approved. Stool samples were collected from participants and cultured for polioviruses. Calculation of the confidence interval for the proportion of participants with persistent poliovirus excretion was based on the binomial distribution. FINDINGS: No individuals with long-term excretion of polioviruses were identified. Most participants had received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and almost all had been exposed to household contacts who had received OPV. Polioviruses of recent vaccine origin were transiently found in four individuals in Mexico and Brazil, where OPV is recommended for all children. CONCLUSION: Although chronic poliovirus excretion can occur in immunodeficient persons, it appears to be rare.

Published
2004

41. Emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2004-2011

Author

Gumede, Nicksy, Lentsoane, Olivia, Burns, Cara C., Pallansch, Mark, de Gourville, Esther, Yogolelo, Riziki, Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean Jacques, Puren, Adrian, Schoub, Barry D., and Venter, Marietjie

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Analysis, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, EPUB (Standard), Genomics -- Analysis, Paralysis -- Analysis, Vaccines -- Analysis, Pharmaceutical industry -- Analysis, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Indigenous wild-type poliovirus (WPV) remains endemic to 3 countries: Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (1). Poliovirus (PV) circulation has been sustained in several African countries after importation from a PV-endemic country, [...]

Published
2013
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