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Pachyotoma primamexicana Palacios-Vargas & Arbea sp. nov. Figs. 1–35 Type locality. Popocatépetl Volcano, Puebla, Morelos (Mexico), 19°01′20″N 98°37′40″W. Material type. Holotype: female, collection number FC-UNAM:LESM-AC:22584, on moss, pine forest, 3,600 m asl. R. Iglesias col. Paratypes: 19 females and 3 males, 2 juveniles FC-UNAM:LESM-AC:22585-22608 and about 2100 specimens in alcohol, same data as holotype (Fig. 1). All specimens were collected in Popocatepetl Volcano at forest. Type material and alcoholic specimens are deposited in seniors author institution, except for two paratypes which are deposited at Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales at Madrid, Spain (MNCN). Description. Body length of females (n= 15) 1.4 mm (range 1.0–1.85 mm); length of males (n = 2) 1.2 mm, length of juveniles from 0.7 to 0.9 mm. Colour. Very dark purple including appendages (Figs 1, 2), with a pattern of several circular or elliptical paler patches on head body and legs (Fig. 3); eyes patch black. Integument. With subcuticular reticulation (Fig. 4) and large secondary granulation all over the tergites; secondary granulation also present on appendages (Figs 5, 6) but without inner reticulation. Dorsal setae short (Fig. 4). Head. Ommatidia 8+8, subequal, G slightly smaller than others (Fig. 7). PAO oval (Fig. 8), without distinct constriction but elliptical, no inner denticles, shorter than nearest eyes, and smaller than basal width of Ant. 1; with 2 guard setae along its outer margin (Figs 8, 29). Maxillary palps bifid, maxillary outer lobe with 4 sublobal hairs (Fig. 27). Labral formula 4/5, 5, 4 (Figs 9, 27). Clypeus with about 20 setae, those closer to labrum stronger (Fig. 27). Labium with 3+3 proximal and 4+4 basomedian setae (Fig. 11). Hypopharynx, mandible and maxilla normal (Fig. 10, 12). Ventral side of head along linea ventralis with 3+3 or 4+4 setae. Ant. I with 2 bms, dorsal and ventral, and 2 ventral s (Fig. 25); Ant. II with 2 bms and 1 latero-distal s; Ant. III with 5 distal s (2 inner, 2 outer and 1 lateral) and without bms; inner sensilla of Ant. Org III elongate, shorter than guard sensilla, which are slightly shorter than common setae on Ant. III (Fig. 5). Several sensilla present on Ant. IV, curved and shorter than ordinary setae (Figs 6, 24), subapical organ small. Body chaetotaxy. (Figs 30, 31, 32, 36). End of Abd. VI with 1+1 macrosetae, 2 times longer than common setae and almost equal in length to mucro. Most of body sensilla slightly shorter than common setae except those on Abd. IV, which are more curved than those on other body segments and relatively longer than common setae on the same segment (Figs 14, 15). Tergites of Th. II–Abd. V with numerous sensilla along p-row and on their medial and lateral parts. Sensilla and common setae along p-rows of the segments alternating with setae as in Fig. 16. Sensillar and microsensillar formula respectively as 25–28, 29–33/ 17–20, 28–31, 24–29, 51–57, 26–29(s) and 1, 1/1, 1, 1(ms) (Fig. 21). Axial setae (common setae along median line on each side) of Th. II–Abd. II–V: 6–9, 6–8/5–7, 5–7, 5–7, 8 (Figs 14, 15). Th. III with 45–48 setae in p-row. Thorax without ventral setae. Ventral tube with latero-distal 6+6 setae and posterior setae 9.Ventral Abd. II with 5 setae m (14 specimens), 6 (2), 7 (1). Anal valves completely in ventral position, each lateral valve with about 23 setae. Appendages. Upper and lower subcoxa of leg I, II, III with 0, 2, 2 and 1, 5, 6 setae, respectively. Unguis of normal size and shape, with inner tooth. Tibiotarsi of all legs with numerous setae (Fig.13). Tenent hairs thin and slightly clavate (Figs 13, 33, 35) with the formula 2, 3, 3. Femora with one long acuminate tenent hair (Fig. 34). VT with 5+5 or 6+6 latero-distal and 8–12 posterior setae (Figs 10, 37). Retinaculum with 4+4 teeth (Figs 16, 39) and usually 2 setae on its corpus (Fig. 17). Anterior part of furcal subcoxa divided into three groups, al with 12–16 setae, am with 22–37 and p with about 8 setae. Anterior side of manubrium smooth and without setae, posterior side granulated and with about 37 pairs of setae (Figs 23, 40). Medial part of manubrium with two thick, spine-like projections (Fig. 18). Dens with 5 anterior setae thicker than those of ventral side (Fig. 19). Posterior side of dens with clear secondary granulation (Figs 20, 38) and 12–17 setae, with 5–7 setae in basal part and 7–10 in distal part. Mucro strong, with 1 subapical tooth, with 2 lamellae (Figs 22, 40), with a hook-shaped apex (Fig. 22). Ratio of mucro: dens: manubrium as 1: 3.9: 3.1. Several hundred specimens were found, including, males and females. There are not dimorphic males. Variations. The corpus retinacular setae varies from 1 to 6 (in parenthesis the number of cases observed): 1 seta (3), 2 setae (9), 3 setae (4), 4 setae (3), 6 setae (1). The anterior setae of dens are 5+5 (16), 5+6 (1), 6+6 (1), 7+7 (1); posterior setae on dens: 7+8 (1), 8+8 (10), 8+9 (2), 9+9 (2), 10+9 (1). Ventral tube also has some variation (frequency in parenthesis): latero-distal 4+5 setae (2), 5+5 (5), 6+6 (7), 7+6 (1); posterior setae 9 (3), 10 (1), 12 (2), 14 (1), 16 (1), 17 (1). Axial setae on Th. II has 6 setae (2); 7 (14), 8 (2), 9 (1). Th. III has 6 (2), 7 (14), 8 (1); Abd. I has 5 (9), 6 (4), 7 (1); Abd. II 5 (14), 6 (2), 7 (1). PAO size (n=15): 10.4 (range 9–15), eye size (n=15):17.4 (range 12–20). Ecological remarks. Vegetation of type locality consists mainly of Pinus montezumae and Quercus sp. The new species was found in litter and moss samples of P. montezumae forest, at an altitude of more than 3,000 m asl. During the extraction there were many specimens (more than 200), including adults and juveniles. Etymology. The new species is named for being the first Mexican species of the genus described from the country (primus = first). Remarks. P. muskegis has few manubrial setae and is about twice the size of P. primamexicana sp. nov. (Table 1). The new species is characterized by the presence of a very small PAO (about half the size of one eye, while in P. mustegis is about the size of short diameter of the eye); of 5 strong setae on distal anterior surface of dens, and 8 thin setae on posterior surface; retinaculum has 4 teeth on each ramus and from 1 to 4 setae on its corpus (P. muskegis has 2 setae); manubrium with many setae (37 pairs) on posterior surface and without setae on anterior surface; ventral tube with 6+6 laterodistal setae and 9 posterior setae, of which 3 are longer. Tibiotarsus P. muskegis has a clear apical subdivision, which is lackining in P. primamexicana sp. nov. It is also similar to P. alpa (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) from the USA, but differs in having a smaller PAO, slightly capitate tenent hairs 2, 3, 3 (versus 1, 2, 2 on P. alpa) on tibiotarsi and a higher number of manubrial setae., Published as part of Palacios-Vargas, José G. & Arbea, Javier I., 2022, The subfamily Pachyotominae in Mexico (Collembola: Isotomidae) with description of a new Pachyotoma species, pp. 245-259 in Zootaxa 5194 (2) on pages 247-248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7147359, {"references":["Christiansen, K. A. & Bellinger, P. F. (1980) The Collembola of North America, North of the Rio Grande. Part. 2. Families Onychiuridae, Isotomidae. Publications Grinnell College, Grinell, Iowa, pp. 387 - 784."]}

Genus Pachyotoma Bagnall, 1949 Pachyotoma (sensu Deharveng 1979; Potapov 2001; Potapov et al. 2005), has pigmentation very dark, no pattern. Strong secondary granulation on the body and subcuticular reticulation. Third abdominal segment equal to IV. Maxillary palps bifurcate, 3–4 sublobal hairs. Labium with a complete set of guards (16), 5 basomedian and 3 proximal setae. Empodium present. Tibiotarsi with 7 setae in the distal ring, often in a subdistal segment. Ventral tube only with lateral and posterior setae. Manubrium without or with only a few tiny anterior setae on distal third, but posterior setae can be very numerous. Dens usually not well developed, thick, cylindrical, or conical, with a granulated posterior side, never crenulate. Mucro separated from dens, massive and lamellate. With three parts of furcal subcoxae (anteriolateral, anteriomedial and posterior). Retinaculum with rami quadridentate and 1 to 4 or more setae dorsally on corpus. Anal spines absent. Setae short, macrosetae undeveloped. Body sensilla mainly in front of the p-row of setae, varies from very abundant to moderately abundant. Apomorphic character: secondary cuticular granulation. Plesiomorphic characters: abundant sensillar chaetotaxy, weak differentiation of macrosetae and primitive dens. Genotype: Isotoma crassicauda Tullberg, 1871: 152., Published as part of Palacios-Vargas, José G. & Arbea, Javier I., 2022, The subfamily Pachyotominae in Mexico (Collembola: Isotomidae) with description of a new Pachyotoma species, pp. 245-259 in Zootaxa 5194 (2) on pages 246-247, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7147359, {"references":["Bagnall, R. S. (1949) Contribution towards a knowledge of the Isotomidae (Collembola). VII - XV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2 (14), 81 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653961","Deharveng, L. (1979) Chetotaxie sensillaire et phylogenese chez les collemboles Arthropleona. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse, 1 (3), 1 - 15.","Potapov, M. (2001) Isotomidae. In: Dunger, W. (Ed.), Synopses on Paleartic Collembola. Vol. 3. Abdhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 73 (2), 1 - 603.","Potapov, M. B., Lobkova, L. E. & Shrubovych, J. E. (2005) New and little known palaearctic Pachyotominae (Collembola: Isotomidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 14 (1), 75 - 82.","Tullberg, T. (1871) Forteckning ofver Svenska Podurider. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 28 (1), 143 - 155."]}

Key to the Nearctic Pachyotominae with granulated integument 1. Furcula in the form of two mounds. Pigment, eyes and tenaculum absent................................................................................ Paranurophorus simplex Denis, 1929 (Holarctic, also known from Australia) - Furcula usually not so reduced. Pigment, eyes and tenaculum present............................................ 2 2. Furcula reduced; mucro absent............................................................................... Coloburella octogenaria (Mills & Schmidt, 1957) (USA: Illinois, Tennessee; Canada: Vancouver I.; Mexico: Veracruz) - Furcula varying in length; mucro usually separate from dens.................................................. 3 3. Dens without anterior setae..... Bonetrura boneti (Yosii, 1962) (USA: Louisiana, West Virginia; Mexico: Puebla, Veracruz) - Dens with anterior setae................................................................... 4 (Pachyotoma) 4. 7 or less anterior setae on dens.......................................................................... 5 - 8 or more anterior setae on dens......................................................................... 9 5. 1 anterior seta on dens.................................... P. vernoga (Wray, 1958) (USA: North Carolina, Indiana) - 4–7 anterior setae on dens.............................................................................. 6 6. Manubrium with 1+1 anterior setae.................................................................................................. P. muskegis (Guthrie, 1903) (USA: Minnesota; Canada: Ontario; Mexico: Jalisco; Panama) - Manubrium without anterior setae........................................................................ 7 7. PAO shorter than nearest eye......................................... P. primamexicana sp. nov. (Mexico: Puebla) - PAO longer than nearest eye............................................................................ 8 8. Tibiotarsi I – III with 1,2,2 acuminate or slightly clavate tenent hairs...................................................................................... P. alpa (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) (USA: New Hampshire, Vermont) - Tibiotarsi with 2–3 clavate tenent hairs............ P. vetusta (Folsom, 1937) (USA: California, New Mexico, Minnesota) 9. More than 40 anterior setae on the dens; manubrium with 2+2 anterior setae; furcula long, almost reaching VT............................................................................ P. crassicauda (Tullberg, 1871) (Holarctic) - No more than 10 anterior setae on the dens; manubrium without anterior setae; furcula shorter......................................................................... P. antiqua (Folsom, 1937) (USA: Missouri, Utah, West Virginia), Published as part of Palacios-Vargas, José G. & Arbea, Javier I., 2022, The subfamily Pachyotominae in Mexico (Collembola: Isotomidae) with description of a new Pachyotoma species, pp. 245-259 in Zootaxa 5194 (2) on page 258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7147359, {"references":["Denis, J. R. (1929) Notes sur les Collemboles recoltes dans ses voyages par le Prof. F. Silvestri (descriptions d'especes nouvelles). Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Portici, 22, 166 - 180.","Mills, H. B. & Schmidt, F. H. (1957) The Coloburella-Boernerella complex with description of a new species (Collembola, Isotomidae). Acata zoologica cracoviensia, 2 (15), 1 - 9.","Yosii, R. (1962) Studies on the Collembolan genus Hypogastrura II. Nearctic forms collected by Prof. F. Bonet. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 13, 1 - 25.","Wray, D. L. (1958) New forms of North American Collembola. Nature Notes Afield, Occasional Papers, 2, 1 - 12.","Guthrie, J. E. (1903) The Collembola of Minnesota. Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, Zoological Series 4. Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 110 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1701","Christiansen, K. A. & Bellinger, P. F. (1980) The Collembola of North America, North of the Rio Grande. Part. 2. Families Onychiuridae, Isotomidae. Publications Grinnell College, Grinell, Iowa, pp. 387 - 784.","Folsom, J. W. (1937) Nearctic Collembola or Springtails, of the family Isotomidae. United Bulletin of the States National Museum 16 8. Sminthsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 144 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.168.1","Tullberg, T. (1871) Forteckning ofver Svenska Podurider. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 28 (1), 143 - 155."]}

Galumnopsis (Galumnopsis) andydoreyae sp. nov. (Figs. 16–30) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2925BB5E-474E-4F9E-9360-4ED3F5F1830A Diagnosis. Bothridial setae fusiform, smooth; whole body smooth, with a scarce punctuated ornamentation; all prodorsal setae present, in and le minute, ro longer than other prodorsal setae; notogastric porose areas A2 lacking, all others present, relatively small and semicircular; ten notogastric setae present reduced to alveoli; dorsosejugal suture present; body semicircular and elongated, prodorsum with a pronounced sharp tip, also visible in dorsal view; only lyrifisure im and ip visible on notogaster; unique median pore present; lyrifissures iad very far from anal plate, situated between ag and ad 3 ; with an internal sclerotized groove separating the podosomal and genito-anal region; porose area postanalis present, elongated, sexual dimorphism absent. Description. Measurements in µm, average values in parenthesis (N=10).Length 325–394 (347),width 227–256. Integument. Body shining black, smooth looking, ornamentations very scarce on the anterior part of notogaster, punctuated with ellipsoidal irregular patterns, pteromorphs very dark and sclerotized, with a branch-like irregular sclerotized lines. Prodorsum smooth with slightly punctuated ornamentation; with a lighter brownish thinning region present from the half part of prodorsum towards anterior part of notogaster. The surface of subcapitulum, genital and anal plates, genital plates with a medial sclerotized line near middle, epimeral and anogenital region with same scarce punctuated ornamentation as notogaster. Prodorsum (Figs. 16, 18, 20). Rostrum sharply pointed, apical tooth notably projected forwards, best seen in lateral view (Fig. 18); lamellar lines L and S present, arched and parallel, line S with a diffuse origin from bothridium, but well defined from middle to the end near podosomal region; porose area dorsosejugal (Ad) absent. All prodorsal setae present (Fig. 24), setae in (13) and setae le (3) smooth and minute, setae ro smooth and longer than other prodorsal setae (16). Bothridial setae (bs) long, stalk thin and curved (L=86), sensillar capitulum at the final third of its dimension, smooth, fusiform, with gradual widening as it approaches apical region (L=170, W=157), ending in gradual thinning, with some internal elongated ornamentation. Notogaster (Figs. 16, 18). Semicircular or pear-shaped; with hy long and well developed; ten pairs of minute setae reduced to alveoli, lx present, without an internal innervation like the others, but always in the same position. Porose areas A2 lacking, all the others present, small sized and semicircular (Fig. 25). Aa (L=6, W=3) bigger than others notogastric porose areas, more elongated than others, situated between hy and hinge; A1 (L=4, W=3) posterior, semicircular or irregular, located at a similar level to gla and posterior to median pore (mp) (Fig. 19); A3 (L=2, W=2) smallest, semicircular and between ip and h 1 . Seta la very lateral and near hinge, lm slightly posterior to Aa and directed towards sagittal line; seta lp near middle line, between them and slightly below are located the median pore (mp); h 3 above gla and lateral to A1, lyrifissure im above h 3 ; h 2 is posterior and near gla and A1, while h 1 is always above A3; p 1 and p 2 below A3, between them is located lyrifissure ip as usual; seta p 3 lateral and in a similar level to h 1 , lyrifissures ips and ih not visible or absent. Pteromorph clearly bilobed (Fig. 26) (L=49, W= 35 in proximal region, 28 in middle and 32 in distal), very dark and sclerotized, heavily centrally notched, with alveoli of c seta near the notch sclerotization, lyrifissure ia as usual, with an irregular pattern of branching sclerotized lines which becomes faint toward the edges. Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum subtriangular shaped (Fig. 21), with an evident projecting pointed apex, slightly rounded at tip, subcapitular setae setiform, smooth. Seta h (3) thin and smooth. Chelicera (Fig. 23) (L=226, W=88), very elongated and thin, cha (108) exceptionally long, micro barbulated from the middle part towards tip; Trägårdh’s organ long, from cha insertion to near tooth articulation; chb not visible. Pedipalp (Fig. 22) chaetotaxy from femur to tarsus 2–1–3–8(1+1). With medium sized femoral seta, genual seta d longer than femoral seta, tibial seta d longer than all the others of the same article, tarsus with ten setae, one pair of ventral setae, one pair of lateral setae, one culminal (cm) and four eupathidic setae (sul, ul 1 , ul 2 , acm), of which acm is fused with solenidion (ω). Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs. 17–18). Epimeral setal formula: 1–0–3–1; all smooth, and minute. Pd I subtriangular, Pd II thinner and directed anteriorly, dis slightly circular with blunt apex. Circumpedal carina (CP) thick, evident and sclerotized; there is a kind of inner belt which passes towards genital plates and finishes posterior to CP. Prodorsal leg niche (N) and lateral prodorsal ridges (T, E) present, exobothridial (ex) alveoli above E. Anogenital region (Fig. 19). Six pairs of genital setae smooth and thin inserted in formula 3–3 (g 1–3 ) horizontally on the anterior edge of genital plate, g 4–6 vertically in a row, one pair of aggenital (ag) (3) thin, smooth, two pairs of anal setae (an 1–2 ) (3) and three pairs of adanal setae (ad 1–2 ) (13), ad 3 (5) located below iad, both anterior and far from anal plates. Porose area postanalis (Ap) present, elongated (L=37, W=5). Legs (Figs. 27–30). Measures made in widest and longest regions of each article, mean of N=10. Monodactylous legs with a strong curved claw; punctuated ornamentation on femora.Leg setation and solenidia from I–IV (solenidium in parenthesis). Femora 4–4–2–2; genua 3(1)–3(1)–1(1)–2; tibiae 4(2)–4(1)–3(1)–3(1); tarsi 20(2)–15(2)–15–12. Leg I (Fig. 27) Femur L= 90, W=46; genu L=44, W=12; tibia L=47, W=29; tarsus L=70, W=20. Solenidium σ (102) long and inserted distally; φ 1 (110) similar in length than σ, inserted slightly medial, anterior to φ 2 which is distal and smaller (50); ω 1 (45) anterior to all tarsal setae, medium sized, ω 2 (55) posterior to ft´´, medium sized but longer than ω 1 , between them are situated ft´´ and famulus (ε) (3), short, blunt at the tip. Leg II (Fig. 28) Femur L=80, W=37; genu L=25, W=15; tibia L=35, W=20; tarsus L=48, W=15. Solenidium σ (65) medium sized, distally; φ (75) similar in size than σ, distally inserted; ω 1 (35) and ω 2 (37) identical in shape, blunt apex, between them is situated ft´ dorsally. Leg III (Fig. 29) Femur L=42, W=32; genu L=18, W=13; tibia L=43, W=18; tarsus L=50, W=15. Solenidium σ (35) with a blunt apex, longer than l´, medially inserted; φ (60) long, inserted in a small protuberance near the anterior edge. Leg IV (Fig. 30) Femur L=50, W=40; genu L=30, W=13; tibia L=50, W=20; tarsus L=62, W=15. φ (55) medium sized, inserted medially in a small protuberance, similar in length to tarsal ft´. Type material. Holotype (male) mounted on slide 19-03-2016, Mexico, Veracruz, Estación de Biología Tropical, Los Tuxtlas, sample from soil. 17 paratypes on slide and 20 more on ethanol 70% with the same data. This material is deposited in the Colección de Collembola de México y Ácaros Edáficos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. Etymology. The species is named in honor of PhD Andy Dorey Ruiz Huerta, who has dedicated her efforts to the study and treatment of respiratory diseases in Mexico, including research on COVID-19, and also, the fiancé of the senior author. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case obtained directly from the modern feminine personal name Andy Dorey according to Art. 31.1.2. of the international code of zoological nomenclature. Remarks. The 11 species of this group are distributed in Africa (6), America (4), and Oceania (1), which denotes mainly a Gondwanan distribution. Most of the representatives of this genus share a common morphological pattern (except Galumnopsis Saggita Balogh, 1970), the reason why they look very similar to each other, and the main features to distinguish the species are the shape of sensillar setae, presence or absence of prodorsal seta, porose area dorsosejugalis, porose area postanalis, position of seta ad 3 in ventral plate and recently we observed that the position of seta h 1 on the notogaster can be a very useful character for species delimitation. This new species shares clavate sensillar setae with another six members but can be distinguished by a special combination of characters. It can be differentiated from G. clavata Mahunka, 1983 by the smooth body surface against foveolated, all notogastric porose areas well defined, the presence of median pore, lyrifissure im anterior to h 3 and not between h 3 and lp, seta h 2 and h 3 near to A1 and seta h 1 above A3; from G. holoscripta Grandjean, 1931 it differs in cheliceral insertion apodeme scar near height of Aa and lm, position of seta h 1 , disposition of genital setae, Aa and A1 vertically aligned, bigger distance between ad 2 and ad 3 in ventral plate, and finally Ap not illustrated or mentioned in G. holoscripta, probably absent; from G. longisetosus Mahunka, 1986 it can be easily distinguished by the short lamellar setae and sensillar setae without minute spicules; from G. ruginervis Balogh, 1962 in having a minute lamellar setae, median pore at height of A1 and position of gla posterior to A1; from G. sellnicki Balogh, 1960 in the presence of lamellar setae, Ap bigger in size, sensillar setae less globular in shape and a curved dorsosejugal suture instead of straight in the later species; finally, it can be distinguished from G. secunda (Sellnick, 1923) in the scar of chelicera insertion posterior to Aa, h1 above A3 and not between them, Ap bigger in size, im far from A1 and the absence of Ad.

Notogalumna rickiglesiasi sp. nov. (Figs. 1–15) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 97B2D882-E9A0-47A2-B877-894E020B69F0 Diagnosis. Bothridial setae clavate, smooth; whole body with faintly granular cerotegument; all prodorsal setae present, in minute; all notogastric porose areas present of irregular shape; eleven notogastric setae present, minute; dorsosejugal suture interrupted below Ad; body shape almost hexagonal, with protuberances associated with A1 and A3, posterior region of notogaster striated in the middle; lyrifissures iad near anal plate; median pore (mp) and porose area postanalis (ap) absent, sexual dimorphism absent. Description. Measurements in µm, average values in parenthesis (N=10). Length 580–670 (620), width 492– 532 (515). Integument. Body mostly dark brown, porose areas darker, notogastric cerotegument granulated,ornamented with ellipsoidal irregular patterns, smaller in caudal region, pteromorphs granulated with the same pattern, ornamented with irregular sclerotized lines. Prodorsum densely punctuated and irregularly striated; two clear and yellowish thinning regions present in notogaster (Fig. 1), the first from prodorsum (len), near seta in towards notogastric porose area Aa, the second (len ?) from mid caudal region towards A1. A waxy semi conical projection can be observed in the caudal region of some specimens, just on the position of porose area A3, indicating a high glandular capacity of these structures, this wax was not diluted even in specimens maintained in 75% ethanol (Fig. 1). The surface of subcapitulum, genital and anal plates slightly granulated, anal plates also with striation surrounding an 1 , epimeral and anogenital region with the same ornamentation as notogaster. Prodorsum (Figs. 1,3,5). Rostrum rounded, apical tooth not projecting; lamellar lines L and S present, arched and parallel; porose area dorsosejugal (Ad) (L=19, W=14) small, oval, or semicircular; all prodorsal setae present (Fig. 9). Interlamellar setae (in) smooth and minute (4), lamellar setae (le) smooth, medium sized (60), rostral setae (ro) barbulated and longer than other prodorsal setae (82), inserted near ventral side. Bothridial setae (bs) short, clavate tending to globular, stalk thin and curved (L=28), sensillar capitulum smooth, with gradual widening as it approaches apical region (L=30, W=11), ending in gradual thinning. Notogaster (Figs. 1,3,4). Hexagonal-rounded shape; with dorsophragmata well developed (hy); eleven pairs (lm, la, c, lp, p x , h 1 , h 2 , h 3 , p 1 , p 2 , p 3 ) of minute smooth setae (7), caudal region with three to five longitudinal striae. All notogastric porose areas of irregular shape, with an inner polygonal and punctuated ornamentation (Fig. 10). Aa (L=19, W=14) near hinge, regularly elongated to semicircular; A1 (L=28, W=20) posterior and semicircular, situated in a protuberance (best seen in caudal view) (Fig. 4); A2 (L=25, W=15) lateral to A1, directed to body edge; A3 (L=25, W=32) in a posterior protuberance (best seen in posterior view). Notogastric seta lateroanterior (la) below Aa and near hinge, lateromedial (lm) posterior to la and directed towards sagittal line; seta lateroposterior (lp) and h 3 are located above A1, between them is situated lyrifissure im; h 2 is medial and inserted between A1 and A3, h 1 is located above A3; p 1 , and p 2 below A3 and near the articulation with ventral plate, lyrifissure ip lateral to A3 and not between p 1 and p 2 as usual; seta p 3 lateral to A2 and near exterior margin, uppermost are located lyrifissures ips and ih; an extra alveoli (px) is inserted lateral to A2. Pteromorph slightly bilobed (Figs. 1,2,11) (L=335, W= 207 in proximal region, 210 in middle and 245 in distal), centrally notched, with seta c (7) near ending of sclerotized notch, lyrifissures ia as usual (Fig. 11). Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum morphology as usual in Galumnidae (Fig. 6), slightly bilobed at tip, subcapitular setae setiform, microbarbed. Seta h (28) longer than m (24) and a (20); two pairs of adoral setae (or) (12) bifid and barbate. Chelicera (Fig. 8) of normal shape (L=185, W=85), ornamented with punctuations in the anterior region, cha (55) longer than chb (40), both barbulated; Trägårdh’s organ present, projecting towards one third of chb, triangular shape. Pedipalp as usual in the group, with chaetotaxy from femur to tarsi 2–1–3–8(1+1). (Fig. 7). Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs. 2–3). Epimeral setal formula: 2–0–2–1; setae smooth, and long, except seta 1b (3) which is minute, some specimens (representing the 8% of all specimens observed) only have the right 1b seta, lacking left 1b (even alveoli); seta 3b (15) longer than 1c (12), 3a (6) and 4a (8), pedotectum I (Pd I) subquadrate, pedoctectum II (Pd II) thinner and directed anteriorly, discidium subtriangular, blunt apex. Circumpedal carina (CP) thick, directed to Pd I; prodorsal leg niche (N) and lateral prodorsal ridges (T, E) present, exobothridial (ex) (4) seta above E, minute and thin. Anogenital region (Fig. 2). Six pairs of genital setae smooth and thin inserted in formula 3–3 (g 1–3) horizontally on anterior edge of the genital plate, g 4–6 vertically in a row), one pair of aggenital (ag) (4) thin, smooth, two pairs of anal setae (an 1–2 ) (4) and three pairs of adanal setae (ad 1–3 ) (3), adanal lysrifissure (iad) above ad 3 and lateral to genital plate. Porose area postanalis absent. Legs. Measures made in the widest and longest regions of each article, mean N=10. Heterotridactylous legs with punctuated ornamentation on femora. Leg setation and solenidia from I-IV (solenidium in parenthesis). Femora 4–4–2–2; genua 3(1)–3(1)–1(1)–2; tibiae 4(2)–4(1)–3(1)–3(1); tarsi 20(2)–15(2)–15–12. Leg I (Fig. 12) Femur L=120, W=63; genu L=60, W=25; tibia L=81, W=41; tarsus L=100, W=34. Solenidium σ (87) inserted distally; φ 1 (205) very long, anterior to φ 2 (60); ω 1 (50) anterior to all tarsal setae, famulus (ε) (6) short, quadrate at tip, ω 2 (66) posterior to ft´, pl´´ and ε. Leg II (Fig. 13) Femur L=98, W=65; genu L=44, W=23; tibia L=66, W=40; tarsus L=78, W=25. Solenidium σ (37) short, distally; φ (135) long, distally; ω 1 and ω 2 identical in shape (35). Between them is situated ft´. Leg III (Fig. 14) Femur L= 95, W=62; genu L=38, W=18; tibia L=93, W=28; tarsus L=110, W=25. Solenidium σ (25) shorter than l´, medially inserted; φ (100) long, inserted near the anterior edge. Leg IV (Fig. 15) Femur L= 95, W=55; genu L=66, W=15; tibia L=95, W=24; tarsus L=115, W=20. φ (60) slightly displaced anteriorly. Type material. Holotype (female) mounted on slide 08–10–2016, Mexico, Veracruz, Estación de Biología Tropical, Los Tuxtlas, sample by canopy fogging. 16 paratypes on slides with same data. This material is deposited in the Colección de Collembola de México y Ácaros Edáficos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. Etymology. The species rickiglesiasi is named in honor of MSc Ricardo Iglesias Mendoza, who has dedicated many years to studying the oribatid mite fauna of Mexico. The epithet is a compound masculine noun in apposition in the nominative case, obtained by joining the affective nickname “Rick” with which he is known to his students and colleagues, his last name “Iglesias” and the desinence “i” in order to avoid possible confusions according to Art. 31.2.1. and the recommendation 31A of the international code of zoological nomenclature. Remarks. The new species only resembles Notogalumna floridae (Jacot, 1929) from the U.S.A. in having reduced interlamellar setae and a short bothridial seta with blunt apex (obovate head in terms of Jacot (1929)), but can be differentiated by length ratio of lamellar versus rostral setae (the lamellar setae shorter than rostral and in N. floridae the lamellar setae are longer than rostral), porose areas adalares semi rounded instead of triangular shaped, setae lp, h 3 and lyrifissure im anterior to A2 and without an evident projection on the basis of pteromophs. Additionally, the only species registered from Mexico is N. africana from which it differs in lacking a foveolated notogaster, the presence of four pairs of notogastric porose areas instead of three pairs in the latter species, porose areas A1 much smaller and without a boomerang-shape, and by the size of interlamellar and bothridial setae, which are bigger in N. africana., Published as part of Villagomez, Fernando, Palacios-Vargas, José G. & Páez, Jair, 2021, A new species of Notogalumna from the canopy and another new edaphic species of Galumnopsis (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnoidea) from the tropical rainforest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, pp. 171-183 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on pages 172-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5223150, {"references":["Jacot, A. P. (1929) American Oribatid mites of the subfamily Galumninae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 69 (1), 1 - 56."]}

Parajapyx brunocondei Montejo-Cruz, García-Gómez & Palacios-Vargas, sp. nov. Figs. 27–39; Tables 5–6 Type specimens. Holotype (female) on slide: México, Jalisco, Biology station. “Chamela”, 22/ix/1991, litter rainforest, A. García and A. Rodríguez coll. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Paratypes (three females, five males, two juveniles) on slides: same locality as holotype, 22/ix/1991, 12/ x/1991 and 16/ii/1992. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Bruno Condé, for his taxonomic contributions to Diplurans. Description. Holotype (female): body length 2.4 mm. Paratypes (three females, five males, two juveniles): body length range (n=10) 2.4‒3.4 mm. Cuticle ornamentation in the shape of hexagon cells. Head vertex (Fig. 27) with 10+10 normal which 2+2 smaller, 2+2 normal setae close to the antennae; front with 2+2 macrosetae and 3+3 normal setae; labrum with 1+1 normal setae and 6+6 microsetae. On head venter (Fig. 28) inner lobe with 1+1 normal setae, external lobe with 13+13 normal setae. In place of labial palpus 1+1 macrosetae, 3+3 normal setae, of which two are smaller; admentum with 2+2 macrosetae and 10+10 normal setae; plica orales with 5+5 normal setae, submentum with 2+2 normal setae. Mandible (Fig.29) with five teeth and four denticles, maxilla with first lamella slender and slightly larger than half of the second, other lamellae pectinate and similar each other; maxillary palp with 9 normal setae and one apical microsensillum. Antennae (Fig.30) with 18 segments; bacilliform setae number in antennal segments as follows: I‒IV, 0; V‒VI, 1‒2; VII‒IX, 4; XI, 5‒6; XII, 7‒8; XVI, 8; XVII, 7‒10; XVIII more than 10 and four placoid sensilla. Thoracic chaetotaxy is shown in Table 5 (Fig.27). Metanoto prescutum sometimes with 1+1 or 1+2 normal setae. Length of Leg III (Fig. 31) 0.23 mm, with smooth setae; coxa with 3 normal setae and 3 microsetae; trochanter with 3 normal setae; femur with one macrosetae, 9 normal setae and 2 microsetae; tibia with 8 normal setae; tarsus with 10 normal setae; claws symmetrical. Abdominal chaetotaxy is shown in Table 6 (Figs.32, 34, 35). Without one macrosetae mp in scutum of the segment I. Tergite IX (length= 0.15mm) (Figs. 34, 35) slightly shorter than tergite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae above the midline. Tergite X (Figs. 34, 35) with macroseta 1, 3 and 4 reduced. On sternite I (Fig. 33) prescutum with 3+3 normal setae; scutum with 9+9 normal setae and 2+2 microsetae. Typical styles of the genus. Subcoxal organ (Fig.36): Juvenile with 5–7 accompanying setae, 20 glandular setae and 2–3 sensorial setae; adult with 10 accompanying setae, 30–50 glandular setae and 4 sensorial setae. On sternite II to VII (Fig.33) prescutum with 3+3 normal setae and 2+2 microsetae; scutum 11+1+11 normal setae and 3+3 microsetae. Eversible vesicle present on sternites II and III. Female genital papilla valves (Fig.37) each with 8 normal setae, one internal microsensillum and 2 external microsensilla. Male genital papilla (Fig.37) with 6+6 normal setae. Each cercus (Figs. 38, 39) with five internal teeth; D4 small, D5, D3 and D1 the larger and sometimes with bumps, and D2 medium. Cerci without M4, but with two setae, M2’and a’, close to seta M2. Ventrally, M3 absent and one macroseta (M6´) extra beside M6. Each cercus with 4–7 pores dorsally. Phyletic affinities. Parajapyx brunocondei sp. nov. is unique, any specie present similar features; is distinguished by femur with one macrosetae, tergite IX with setae above midline and one extra macroseta in cercus ventral. It is difficult to relate to P. brunocondei sp. nov. with other species, the unique feature is 30 setae in subcoxales glandular organs looks like to Parajapyx afer transvaalicus Silvestri, 1931 from South Africa. About corporal chaetotaxy is similar to P. silvestrii sp. nov. but in P. brunocondei sp. nov. not absent macrosetae in mesoscutum and metascutum.

Parajapyx silvestrii Montejo-Cruz, García-Gómez & Palacios-Vargas, sp. nov. Figs. 1–13; Tables 1–2. Type specimens. Holotype (male) on slide: Mexico, Quintana Roo, Cozumel Island, Colombia Lake, 24/vi/ 2010, litter and sand mangrove, A. García Gómez, coll. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Paratypes (three females) on slides: Mexico, Quintana Roo, Cozumel Island, San Gervacio, 24/vi/ 2010, litter of tropical dry forest, A. García Gómez, coll. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Etymology. This species is named after the Italian entomologist, Filippo Silvestri, who was one of the first researchers to study the diplurans from Mexico and the world. Description. Holotype (male): body length 1.7 mm. Paratypes (three females): body length range (n=3) 1.62‒ 1.8 mm. Cuticle ornamentation in the shape of hexagon cells. Head vertex (Fig. 1) with 9+9 normal setae and 2+2 normal setae close to the antennae; front with 1+1 macrosetae and 4+4 normal setae; labrum with 1+1 normal setae and 6+6 microsetae. On head venter (Fig. 2) inner lobe with 1+1 normal setae, external lobe with 13+13 normal setae. In place of labial palpus 1+1 macrosetae, 3+3 normal setae, of which two are smaller; admentum with 2+2 macrosetae and 10+10 normal setae; plica orales with 6+6 normal setae, submentum with 2+2 normal setae. Mandible (Fig. 3) with five teeth and four denticles, maxilla with first lamella slender and slightly larger than half of the second, other lamellae pectinate and similar each other; maxillary palp with 9 normal setae and one apical microsensillum. Antennae (Fig. 4) with 18 segments, bacilliform setae number in antennal segments as follows: I‒IV, 0; V, 1; VI, 1‒2; VII, 3‒4; VIII‒XI, 4‒5; XII‒XV, 4‒6; XVI, 8; XVII, 8 or 10; XVIII, more than 10 and four placoid sensilla. Thoracic chaetotaxy is shown in Table 1 (Fig. 1). Without one macrosetae ma and one macrosetae mp in the mesoscutum and metascutum. Length of Leg III (Fig. 5) 0.2mm, with smooth setae; coxa with 3 normal setae and 2 microsetae; trochanter with 3 normal setae; femur with 10 normal setae and 3 microsetae; tibia with 8 normal setae; tarsus with 10 normal setae; claws symmetrical. Abdominal chaetotaxy is shown in Table 2 (Figs.6, 8, 9). Some macroseta are reduced or small than usual in scutum of the segment I and tergite X. Tergite IX (length= 0.12 mm) (Figs. 8, 9) similar in length to tergite VIII. Tergite X with reduced macrosetae 4 (Fig. 8). On sternite I (Fig. 7) prescutum with 3+3 normal setae and 3+3 microsetae; scutum with 10+10 normal setae and 4+4 microsetae. Typical styles of the genus. Subcoxal organ (Fig. 10) with 5 accompanying setae, 12 glandular setae and 2 sensorial setae. On sternite II (Fig. 7) to VII prescutum with 3+3 normal setae and 4+4 microsetae; scutum 11+1+11 normal setae and 4+4 microsetae. Eversible vesicles present on sternites II and III. Female genital papilla valves (Fig. 11) each with 5 normal setae, one internal microsensillum and one external microsensillum. Male genital papilla (Fig.11) with 6+6 normal setae. Each cercus (Figs.12, 13) with five internal teeth; D5 and D4 small, inconspicuous, D3 and D1 larger, and D3 and D2 present bumps. Cerci without “e” setae, but with two setae, M2’ and a’, close to seta M2, these setae had not been mentioned previously by other authors. Ventrally, M3 absent. Each cercus with five pores dorsally, each one inside a cuticular depression. Phyletic affinities. Parajapyx silvestrii sp. nov. differs from all other Parajapyx species by the presence of five cuticular pores in depressions in each cercus and absence of one ma and mp macrosetae on the mesoscutum and metascutum, mp macroseta on abdominal tergite I and ma macrosetae on abdominal tergites II to VII. Only Parajapyx adisi Pagés, 2000 from Brasil and Parajapyx remyi Páges, 1953 from Sahara at northwest of Africa lack some macrosetae, but these species presents all macrosetae in mesoscutum and metascutum and the macrosetae absent on abdominal tergite I are not same (the absence macrosetae are ma and la)., Published as part of Montejo-Cruz, Maira, García-Gómez, Arturo & Palacios-Vargas, José G., 2021, Four new species of Parajapyx (Diplura: Parajapygidae) from Mexico with redescription of Parajapyx isabellae aztecus Silvestri, pp. 221-244 in Zootaxa 4948 (2) on pages 222-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4620807, {"references":["Pages, J. (2000) Parajapyx (P.) adisi n. sp., the first Diplura Parajapygidae of inundation forests in Central Amazonia. Amazoniana Limnologia et Oecologia Regionalis Systemae Fluminis Amazonas, 16, 2, 213 - 222.","Pages, J. (1953) Parajapygines (Diploures Japygidae) du Maroc et du Sahara. Bulletin de la Societe des sciences naturelles du Maroc, 33, 129 - 144."]}

Parajapyx pagesi Montejo-Cruz & García-Gómez, sp. nov. Figs. 14–26; Tables 3–4 Type specimens. Holotype (female) on slide: México, Veracruz, Biology Station “Los Tuxtlas”, 25/vi/2009, litter rainforest, A. García-Gómez, coll. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Paratypes (two females) on slides: same data as holotype. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Etymology. Named after Jean Pagés whose exhaustive research is the base of systematics and taxonomy of diplurans. Description. Holotype (female): body length 2.3 mm. Paratypes (two females): body length range (n=2) 2.1‒ 2.3 mm. Cuticle ornamentation in the shape of hexagon cells. Head vertex (Fig. 14) with 9+9 normal setae of similar size and 2+2 normal setae close to the antennae; front with 2+2 macrosetae and 3+3 normal setae; labrum with 1+1 normal setae and 6+6 microsetae. On head venter (Fig. 15) inner lobe with 1+1 normal setae, external lobe with 13+13 normal setae. In place of labial palpus 1+1 macrosetae, 3+3 normal setae, of which two are smaller; admentum with 2+2 macrosetae and 9+9 normal setae; plica orales with 6+6 normal setae, submentum with 2+2 normal setae. Mandible (Fig. 16) with five teeth and four denticles, maxilla with first lamella slender and slightly larger than half of the second, other lamellae pectinate and similar each other; maxillary palp with 9 normal setae and one apical microsensillum. Antennae (Fig. 17) with 17 segments, bacilliform setae number in antennal segments as follows: I‒IV, 0; V‒VI, 1‒2; VII, 4; VIII‒XI, 6; XI‒ XV, 6‒8; XVI, 8 and XVII, more than 14 and four placoid sensilla. Thoracic chaetotaxy is shown in Table 3 (Fig. 14). Length of Leg III (Fig. 18) 0.2mm, with smooth setae; coxa with 3 normal setae and 3 microsetae; trochanter with 4 normal setae and 3 microsetae; femur with 10 normal setae and 2 microsetae; tibia with 8 normal setae; tarsus with 10 normal setae; claws symmetrical. Abdominal chaetotaxy is shown in Table 4 (Figs.19, 21, 22). In tergite X the intermediate macrosetae is reduced. Tergite VIII twice length of tergite IX (length= 0.07mm) (Figs.21, 22). On sternite I (Fig. 20) prescutum with 4+4 normal setae; scutum with 16+16 normal setae and 5+5 microsetae. Typical styles of the genus. Subcoxal organ (Fig. 23) with 3 accompanying setae, 20 (rarely 18) glandular setae and 2 sensorial setae. On sternite II to VII (Fig. 20) prescutum with 4+4 normal setae and 3+3 microsetae; scutum with 14+14 normal setae and 5+5 microsetae. Eversible vesicle present on sternite II and III. Female genital papilla valves (Fig. 24) each with 6 normal setae, one internal microsensillum and 2 external microsensilla. Each cercus (Figs.25, 26) with five internal teeth; D4 small, D5 and D3 larger, and D2 and D1 medium and similar with each other. Cerci without “e” seta, but with two setae, M2’ and a’, close to seta M2. Ventrally M3 absent. Each cercus with five pores dorsally. Phyletic affinities. Parajapyx pagesi sp. nov. differs from all other Parajapyx species in the following combination of characters: pronotum with two additional normal setae, abdominal prescutum with 1+1+1 setae, one ma macroseta absent in abdominal scutum, subcoxal organ with 20 glandular setae, tergite X with 11 setae, most in ventral view (7 setae) and without setae 0 dorsally. It is similar to P. grassianus from México and Parajapyx tristanianus Silvestri, 1929b from Costa Rica because it presents 17 antennomeres, pronotum with 5 macrosetae and 2 normal setae, organ subcoxal with about 20 glandular setae and abdominal prescutum with 1+1+1 setae. It differs in other features such as all macrosetae on abdominal scutum which are different in arrangement and number, P. pagesi sp. nov. exhibits 5 normal setae in abdominal scutum whereas P. grassianus and P. tristanianus present 6 normal setae.

Key species Parajapyx from México 1. With 18 antennomeres................................................................................. 2 1’. With 17 antennomeres................................................................................. 6 2. Subcoxal organ with less than 10 glandular setae............................................................ 3 2’. Subcoxal organ with more than 10 glandular setae........................................................... 4 3. Subcoxal organ with 5–6 setae glandular; cerci dorsal with 5 pore the same size................................................................................... P. mexicanus Silvestri, 1948; Guerrero, Quintana Roo and Yucatán. 3’. Subcoxal organ with 10 setae glandular; cerci dorsal with 10–12 pore the same size................................................................................................... P. bonetianus Silvestri, 1948; Quintana Roo 4. Subcoxal organ with 12 setae glandular and 5 accompanying setae; cerci dorsal with 4 pores in cuticular depressions; without ma and mp macrosetae in mesoscutum and metascutum................................................................................. Parajapyx silvestrii Montejo-Cruz, García-Gómez & Palacios-Vargas, sp. nov.; Quintana Roo 4’. Subcoxal organ with more than 20 setae glandular and more than 9 accompanying setae; all macroseta in mesoscutum and metascutum present................................................................................... 5 5. Subcoxal organ with 30–50 setae glandular and 10 accompanying setae; all the same size (lager) macroseta in mesoscutum and metascutum; one macroseta in femur; ventral tergite IX slightly shorter than tergite VIII (0.2mm) with 2+2 macrosetae above the midline; cerci dorsal with 4–7 pores; in cerci one macroseta extra beside M6............................................................... Parajapyx brunocondei Montejo-Cruz, García-Gómez & Palacios-Vargas, sp. nov.; Jalisco 5’. Subcoxal organ with 20–40 setae glandular and 9–11 accompanying setae; ma and mp macrosetae reduced in mesoscutum and metascutum; tergite IX (0.2mm) slightly longer than tergite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae above the midline and one extra macrosetae; cerci dorsal with 8 pores................. Parajapyx yunyanorum Montejo-Cruz & García-Gómez, sp. nov.; Puebla 6. Cerci dorsal with one big pore surrounded by 5–7 small pores.................................................. 7 6’. Cerci dorsal with all same size pores...................................................................... 8 7. Subcoxal organ with 3 setae glandular and 4 sensorial setae; cerci dorsal with one big pore surrounded by 7 small pores.................................................................... P. intermedius Silvestri 1948; San Luís Potosí. 7’. Subcoxal organ with 16 setae glandular; cerci dorsal with one big pore surrounded by 5 small pores....................................................... P. isabellae var. aztecus Silvestri 1948; Baja California Sur, Morelos and Veracruz. 8. Subcoxal organ with 14 setae glandular; cerci dorsal with one pore................................................................................... P. grassianus Silvestri, 1911; Quintana Roo, San Luís Potosí, Veracruz, Chiapas 8’. Subcoxal organ with 20 setae glandular; cerci dorsal with 5 pores; tergite X with 11 normal setae................................................................... Parajapyx pagesi Montejo-Cruz & García-Gómez, sp. nov.; Veracruz, Published as part of Montejo-Cruz, Maira, García-Gómez, Arturo & Palacios-Vargas, José G., 2021, Four new species of Parajapyx (Diplura: Parajapygidae) from Mexico with redescription of Parajapyx isabellae aztecus Silvestri, pp. 221-244 in Zootaxa 4948 (2) on page 243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4620807, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1948) Specie di Japygidae (Insecta: Diplura) linora raccolti nel Messico. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \" Portici, 8, 297 - 320."]}

Parajapyx isabellae aztecus Silvestri 1948 Type specimens. Neotype (female) on slide: México, Chiapas, Ocosingo, Reserva Comunal Sierra de la Cojolita. Ex litter rainforest. R. Paredes, col. 18/x/2004 Isoneotype (two males and one juvenile). Same data as neotype. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Description. Neotype (female): body length 2.7 mm. Isoneotypes (two males and one juvenile): body length range (n=3) 2.7‒2.9 mm. Cuticle ornamentation in the shape of hexagon cells. Head vertex (Fig. 53) with 9+9 normal setae and 2+2 normal setae close to the antennae; front with 2+2 macrosetae and 3+3 normal setae; labrum with 1+1 normal setae and 6+6 microsetae. On head venter (Fig. 54) inner lobe with 1+1 normal setae, external lobe with 13+13 normal setae. In place of labial palpus 1+1 macrosetae, 3+3 normal setae, of which two are smaller; admentum with 2+2 macrosetae and 8+8 normal setae; plica orales with 6+6 normal setae, submentum with 2+2 normal setae. Mandible (Fig. 55) with five teeth and four denticles, maxilla with first lamella slender and slightly larger than half of the second, other lamellae pectinate and similar each other; maxillary palp with 9 normal setae and one apical microsensillum. Antennae (Fig. 56) with 17 segments, bacilliform setae number in antennal segments as follows: I‒IV,0; V‒VI, 1‒2; VII, 2‒4; X‒XII, 7‒8; XV‒XVI, 9‒10; XVII more than 10 and four placoid sensilla. Thoracic chaetotaxy is shown in Table 9 (Fig. 53). Length of Leg III (Fig. 57) 0.2 mm, with smooth setae; coxa with 3 normal setae and one microsetae; trochanter with 3 normal setae and one microsetae; femur with 10 normal setae and 3 microsetae; tibia with 8 normal setae; tarsus with 10 normal setae; claws symmetrical. Abdominal chaetotaxy is shown in Table 10 (Figs.58, 59, 60). Tergite VIII twice length of tergite IX (0.13 mm) (Figs.60, 61), tergite IX without macrosetae 4 setae and tergite X without macrosetae 1 (Fig. 60). On sternite I (Fig. 59): prescutum with 4+1+4 or 4+4 normal setae; scutum with 11+11 normal setae and 4+4 microsetae. Typical styles of the genus. Subcoxal organ (Fig. 62) with 5 accompanying setae, 2–3 glandular setae and 4 sensorial setae. On sternite II to VII (Fig. 59) prescutum with 4+1+4 normal setae and 4+4 microsetae; scutum with 14+14 normal setae and 5+5 microsetae. Eversible vesicle present on sternite II and III. Female genital papilla valves (Fig. 63) each with 8 normal setae, one internal microsensillum and 2 external microsensilla. Male genital papilla (Fig. 63) with 4+4 normal setae. Each cercus (Figs.64, 65) with five internal teeth; D4 smallest, D5 and D3 larger, and D2 and D1 medium and similar with each other, D3 and D1 with bumps. Cerci with one seta a’ close to seta M2. Ventrally, M3 and “b” absent. Each cercus without “d” and 6 pores dorsally; a large pore surrounded by 5 smaller pores, additionally with two normal setae. Silvestri described this species in 1948 from Baja California Sur and Morelos, there is no register about where he deposited the holotype, original description omits many characters that are currently essential for identification, therefore its redescription is necessary. Phyletic affinities. P. isabellae aztecus is similar to P. isabellae in the following characters: number of antennal segments (17), thorax and abdominal scutum II to VII chaetotaxy and subcoxal organ with 7 setae. However, it differs in abdominal VIII to X chaethotaxy; abdominal VIII in P. isabellae with 5 normal setae and one seta middle but in P. isabellae aztecus with 7 normal setae; abdominal IX in P. isabellae with 6 macrosetae and 4 normal setae but P. isabellae aztecus one macroseta absent (5 macrosetae total) and 5 normal setae; abdominal X in P. isabellae with 12 macrosetae and 10 normal setae but in P. isabellae aztecus one macroseta absent (11 macrosetae total) and 9 normal setae. In the cercus P. isabellae presents a reduction in the number of setae compared to P. isabellae aztecus; in P. isabellae dorsal cerci without 6M, c, h, i and a’, ventral cerci without 10M, f, g and h., Published as part of Montejo-Cruz, Maira, García-Gómez, Arturo & Palacios-Vargas, José G., 2021, Four new species of Parajapyx (Diplura: Parajapygidae) from Mexico with redescription of Parajapyx isabellae aztecus Silvestri, pp. 221-244 in Zootaxa 4948 (2) on pages 238-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4620807, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1948) Specie di Japygidae (Insecta: Diplura) linora raccolti nel Messico. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \" Portici, 8, 297 - 320."]}

Parajapyx yunyanorum Montejo-Cruz & García-Gómez, sp. nov. Figs. 40–52; Tables 7–8 Type specimens. Holotype (female) on slide: México Puebla Zapotitlán de las Salinas. Ex. Prosopis laevigata, 13/vi/ 2014, D. Sánchez, coll. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Paratypes (three females and one male) on slides: same data as holotype. Deposited at “Colección de ácaros y colémbolos”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Dr. Yun Bu and his wife Yan Gao, from Shanghai Natural History Museum, China for his contribution on the study of Mexican Apterygota. Description. Holotype (female): body length 4.1 mm. Paratypes (three females and one male): body length range (n=5) 2.1‒4.9 mm. Cuticle ornamentation in the shape of hexagon cells. Head vertex (Fig. 40) with 12+12 normal setae which 7+7 smaller, 2+2 normal setae close to the antennae; front with 1+1 macrosetae and 4+4 normal setae; labrum with 1+1 normal setae and 6+6 microsetae. On head venter (Fig. 41) inner lobe with 1+1 normal setae, external lobe with 13+13 normal setae. In place of labial palpus 1+1 macrosetae, 3+3 normal setae, of which two are smaller; admentum with 2+2 macrosetae and 9+9 normal setae; plica orales with 5+5 normal setae, submentum with 2+2 normal setae Mandible (Fig. 42) with five teeth and four denticles, maxilla with first lamella slender and slightly larger than half of the second, other lamellae pectinate and similar each other; maxillary palp with 9 normal setae and one apical microsensillum. Antenna (Fig. 43) with 18 segments, bacilliform setae number in antennal segments as follows: I‒IV, 0; V, 1‒2; VII, 5; X‒XIII, 6‒7; XV‒XVII, 8; XVIII more than 10 and four placoid sensilla. Thoracic chaetotaxy is shown in Table 7 (Fig. 40). Sometimes, in mesonotum presents 1+1 or 2+1 setae normal setae. Length of Leg III (Fig. 44) 0.3mm, with smooth setae; coxa with 5 normal; trochanter with 4 normal setae; femur with 8 normal setae and 5 microsetae; tibia with 8 normal setae; tarsus with 9 normal setae; claws symmetrical. Abdominal chaetotaxy is shown in Table 8 (Figs.45, 47, 48). Sometimes abdominal prescutum I with 1+1+1 normal setae. Tergite IX (Figs.47, 48) (length= 0.2mm) slightly longer than tergite VIII, with 2+2 macrosetae above the midline and additional one macrosetae. Tergite X (Figs.51, 52) with 2+2 macrosetae reduced. On sternite I (Fig. 46) prescutum with 3+3 normal setae and 1+1 microsetae; scutum with 9+9 normal setae and 5+5 microsetae. Typical styles of the genus. Subcoxal organ (Fig. 49) with 9–11 accompanying setae, 20–40 glandular setae and 3 sensorial setae. On Sternite II to VII (Fig. 46) prescutum with 3+3 normal setae and 3+3 microsetae; scutum with 11+11 normal setae and 4+4 microsetae. Eversible vesicles present on sternites II and III. Female genital papilla valves (Fig. 50) each with 7+7 normal setae, one internal microsensillum and 3 external microsensilla. Male genital papilla (Fig. 50) with 6+6 normal setae. Each cercus (Figs.51, 52) with five internal teeth; D4 smallest, D1 and D3 larger, and D2 medium size but ever larger than D4. Cerci with two setae, M2’ and a’, close to seta M2. Dorsally without “h” seta. Ventrally, without M3 and “e” setae. Each cercus with eight pores dorsally. Phyletic affinities. Parajapyx yunyanorum sp. nov. differs from all other Parajapyx species in the following combination of characters: mesoscutum and metascutum with ma and mp macrosetae reduced, abdominal scutum I without ma macroseta, abdominal scutum II–VII with 4 macrosetae (3 ma and 1 mp) reduced and without lp macrosetae and tergite IX larger (0.2mm) with 2+2 macrosetae setae above midline and one extra macrosetae. The reduction and loss of setae could be similar to Parajapyx reymi Pagés 1953 from Sahara but in this specie in both mesoscutum and metascutum all macrosetae are not reduced, and without one ma and la macrosetae in abdominal scutum I and without one ma and lp macrosetae in abdominal scutum II to VII., Published as part of Montejo-Cruz, Maira, García-Gómez, Arturo & Palacios-Vargas, José G., 2021, Four new species of Parajapyx (Diplura: Parajapygidae) from Mexico with redescription of Parajapyx isabellae aztecus Silvestri, pp. 221-244 in Zootaxa 4948 (2) on pages 234-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4620807, {"references":["Pages, J. (1953) Parajapygines (Diploures Japygidae) du Maroc et du Sahara. Bulletin de la Societe des sciences naturelles du Maroc, 33, 129 - 144."]}

RESUMEN Se evaluó el efecto de la cobertura vegetal en la producción y crecimiento de hojas de Pittocaulon praecox en dos sitios contrastantes, cerrado y abierto, en un matorral xerófilo. En cada sitio se registró longitud, número de hojas y crecimiento total, temperatura, humedad, concentración de CO2, y cantidad de hojarasca producida. Se hizo un análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas y una prueba de t. La menor temperatura (20,79 ± 2,8 °C), mayor concentración de CO2 (169,10 ± 12,19) y humedad (40,13 ± 8,26) se registraron en el sitio cerrado, donde los arbustos crecen más (t118 = 3,83, P = 0,0002), producen más hojas (86,21 ± 43,31 gr) y alcanzaron mayor tamaño. Se concluye que la cobertura vegetal influye en el crecimiento y producción de hojas de Pittocaulon praecox. ABSTRACT The effect of vegetal cover on growth and leaves production of Pittocaulon praecox in two contrasting sites, close and open, in a xerophytic shrub was evaluated. In each site length, number of leaves, total growth, soil temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and litter production were recorded. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance and a t test. The low temperature (20.79 ± 2.8 °C), higher CO2 concentration (169.10 ± 12.19) and humidity (40.13 ± 8.26) were recorded in the close site were shrubs are taller (t118 = 3.83, P = 0.0002) and produce more leaves (86.21 ± 43.31 gr). The vegetal cover has an important effect on growth and leaves production of Pittocaulon praecox in the studied area.

Borgesminthurinus gen. nov. Palacios-Vargas Diagnosis. Body globular, characterized by having thick, relatively long and slightly barbulate setae, very abundant on head and body; with full set of trichobothria present; A, B, C in a triangle on great abdomen and one pair of trichobothria on lesser abdomen (D); no neosminthuroid setae. Setae in large abdomen are thick but short. in singlets. Normal chewing mouth parts. Ant. IV undivided and longer than Ant. III; Ant. III with papilla divided in lobes. Tibiotarsi with 7 tenent hairs on distal whorl; unguis with pseudonychia and no tunica. Sacs of ventral tube smooth; tenacular rami with 3 teeth and basal appendix, corpus tenaculum with 2 setae. Metathoracic legs with trochanteral organ. Dens with ventral chaetotaxy reduced (formula 4, 2 … 1); mucro small, without seta, internal edge crenulate, external smooth. Seta a0 of Abdominal segment VI of females no furcate and no winged setae on lateral anal valves; subanal appendix of female palmate. Type species. Borgesminthururinus andinus gen. nov. sp. nov. Etymology. The new genus is dedicated to Jorge Luis Borges (Buenos Aires, August 24, 1899 ‒‒Geneva, Swit-zerland, June 14, 1986), the Argentinean writer, author of the Manual of Fantastic Zoology, which included spherical animals as Symphypleona are. Remarks. Borgesminthurinus gen. nov. differs from Sminthurinus by having thick and barbulate setae on head and body (versus thin and smooth), there are not neosminthuroid setae on abdomen; setae “a0” on Abd. VI acuminate (always furcated on Sminthurinus) and lacks lateral winged setae on the supranal valve and on each lateral anal valve. Both genera share the presence of Ant. IV undivided, and Ant. III with one papilla; sacs of ventral tube smooth; tenacular rami with 3 teeth and a basal appendix, dens with ventral chaetotaxy reduced and lack of mucronal seta. Most setae are thick and barbulated in the new genus (Table 1). Members of Katianna have 2+2 or 3+3 heavy spines on postocular lobes, and vertex of head with spine-like setae as illustrated by Delamare & Massoud (1963) in Neotropical species and remarked as generic character by Bernard (2014). This genus and the new one lack neosminthuroid seta and seta a0 on Abd. VI is simple, never furcate (Table 1). The head and body chaetotaxy in the new genus are much more abundant than in genera S minthurinus and like Katianna, besides, in these last two genera setae are smooth and thin. Another important difference is that antennal IV of members of Katianna are clearly subdivided and in the new genus is undivided. Vesicephalus Richards, 1964 in Delamare & Massoud (1964) has two vesicles on the head, the antennal segment IV is undivided and antennal segment III has several long and barbulate setae and lacks anterior setae on dens. The new genus lacks the cephalic vesicles, has not long setae on antennal segment III and has several setae on anterior dens.

Borgesminthurinus andinus gen. nov., sp. nov. Palacios-Vargas et Vacaflores-Argandoña Figs. 1‒32 Type locality: Bolivia, Department of La Paz, Province Los Andes Location Pucarani-Condoriri, River Palcoco, sample taken with surfer in the river, with riverside vegetation corresponding to ecological floor of PUNA, geographical coordinates of sampling 16°30’01” S and 68°35’08” W to 4,139 m. a.s.l. Collection date corresponding to the end of the wet season in the region 21/iv/2017, Adilen Fernández coll. Type material. Holotype female and 9 paratypes will be kept at senior author institution. Two paratypes will be deposited at Bolivian Wildlife Collection, Institute of Ecology, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia. Description. Body length (n=10): 1,250 μm; head 640 μm. Cuticle finely granulated. Setae thin and smooth on Ant. IV, labrum, labium and furcula (Figs 1, 4, 5, 6, 15); thick and finely barbulate on Ant. I‒III; head, body, and legs (Figs 2, 3, 24, 25, 31), except 4 pair of setae at posterior part of Abd. IV. Ventrally without barbulate setae (Fig. 23). Colour very dark purple almost black, with a pattern of several circular or elliptical sepia patches on head (Fig. 20); eyes patch black. Body very dark purple, almost black, with irregular pattern of circular or elliptical patches, and four constant bands, 2 on Th. I, 1 on Th. II and III, and one between the greater abdomen and lesser abdomen (Fig. 19). Ant. I and II very dark, III and IV lighters. Legs and furcula paler than body. Body globular; Abd. V distinctly from furcal and anal segment (Fig. 17). Head clothed with abundant moderately long and thick barbulate setae, those on top of head longer and thicker than those of anterior part (Figs 8, 24). Three short trichobothria (A-C) on each side of greater abdomen, arranged in a triangle (Fig. 31), B, closer to A. Lesser abdomen with a short trichobothria D (Fig. 17) between 2 microsetae. Antennae about 1.2-1.4 times longer than the diameter of the head. Relative lengths of Ant. I: II; III; IV are as 1: 2.4; 2.9; 7.5 (Figs 1, 2). Ant. I with 5 thick barbulate setae and 2 smooth thin and short ventrals. Ant. II with 16 thick barbulate setae and 2 ventral smooth. Ant. III with 17 thick barbulate setae (not longer than the width of Ant.) and 4 smooths; in middle part with a papilla subdivided into four vesicles (Figs 2, 25). Ant. organ III with 2 exposed, short elliptical sensilla, two guard sensilla smooth thin and shorter than setae and one short ventral microsensillum (Fig 3). Ant. IV simple, without subdivisions, about 1.5 times the size of Ant. III, with 14-15 irregular whorls of setae, which are in 8 longitudinal rows; 2 rows of short sensilla and one subapical pit (Figs 1, 26). Labrum with 6 prelabral setae; 5 p, 5 m and 4 a, those lateral thicker than other (Figs 4, 28). Mandible well developed, with molar-plate and apically with 5 teeth. Head of maxilla globular with 2 teeth and six lamellae (Fig. 7). Eight eyes on each side of the head, cornea C, D and G smaller than others (Figs 8, 27). Interocular setae short and close to cornea G. Two small cuticular lobulations on central part of head close to eye-patch (Fig. 24). Labium (Fig. 6) with 7 pairs basal setae (5 V and 2 Cp) 4 distal medial (L), 5 centro distal and two pairs of postlabial (in parenthesis chaetotaxy following Baquero et al. 2006). Labial papilla with tubercles A-E (sensu Fjellberg 1999). Metathoraxic trochanter with trochanteral organ (Figs 11, 21). Tibiotarsi I-III with 7 clearly capitate tenent hairs (Figs 9, 10, 12, 13). According to Nayrolles (1988), the setae would be named as: ka, kp; and setae from whorl I: a, ae, e, pe, p. Unguis moderately long with one inner tooth in the third apical (Figs 13, 34); dorsally with a big and long pseudonychia with about 9 teeth on each side (Figs 12, 13). No tunica. Ratio ungues/empodial appendage 1: 0.5. Empodial appendage lanceolate, lamellate, several corner-teeth and small subapical filament (Figs 9, 10, 12, 13), Tita. I, with subapical filament extending to tip of ungues (Fig. 29), on other Tita. they are shorter than unguis (Fig. 30). Tenaculum with tridentate rami (sometimes with an apical filament on one or both rami), and one small appendage at the base of each rami (Fig. 14); corpus tenaculum with 2 setae. No neosminthuroid seta. Manubrium with 9 pairs of setae (Fig. 15). Ratio manubrium: dens; mucro as 1: 1.3; 4.2. Dens with a total of 22 setae (Fig. 15), 8 external setae (E 1‒8), four dorso-internal setae (Di 1, Di 2‒5) and three lateral setae (L 1, L 5‒6); three ventro-distal, two ventro-subapical (Ve 2), one ventro-proximal (Ve 5)‒‒ventral formula: 4, 2 … 1. Dens about 3 times length of mucro. Mucro serrated only in inner edge, and with two notches in outer edge (Fig. 15). Mucronal seta absent. Subanal appendage of female thick, palmate with 7‒11 branches (Figs 18, 22). Ratio mucro: subanal append-age: 1.2. Female genital plate with 7‒15 setae (Figs 18, 22). Seta A0 acuminate (Fig. 18). Anal valves of females without winged setae or basally broadened. Males not found. Variation. Ant. III papilla seems to have 3 or 4 vesicles depending on the position. Number of branches of female anal appendage from 7 to 11. Derivatio nominis: The name of the new species is locative, for Los Andes.