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Some recent studies have posed the hypothesis according to which the grammatical stage that precedes the cultured trend of Brazilian Portuguese is Colonial Brazilian Portuguese, not Classical Portuguese. Therefore, there are still few works systematically comparing these two varieties. This is the goal of the present paper, which focuses on word order. By undertaking a corpus-based study using the same textual genre from the contemporary authors Eusébio de Matos and António Vieira, we have looked for all word order patterns while paying special attention to the X*VS order (with one or more constituents preceding the verb and a postverbal subject), given that it is quite typical of Classical Portuguese as a V2-like grammar, unlike the modern Portuguese grammars. We have observed that, although the colonial text follows the general trends of the classical language, it starts to depart from a V2-like grammar because it shows a higher frequency of non-V2 orders and a preference for informationally marked constructions involving internal positions to the clause. From a parameter hierarchy viewpoint, the main conclusion is that such differences represent frequency divergences which are consistent with nano- or microparametric changes which took place later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the formation of the Portuguese Anthropology team of the 20th century, led by António Jorge Dias, and their research and collection of artifacts related to Portuguese culture. The team dedicated themselves to the study of rural life, the characterization of Portuguese culture, and research in Portuguese colonies. They founded the Center for Ethnology Studies and the Center for Cultural Anthropology Studies, as well as planning the creation of a universal museum. The team's work resulted in various publications about rural life and traditional technologies in Portugal. The text portrays the daily lives of populations living in poverty, highlighting the need for cooperation to survive. During the revolutionary period of PREC, there were attempts to purge "colonial" elements from institutions linked to the Ministry of Overseas. The research team and the Ethnology museum faced unjust accusations, as they were always against the dictatorial regime. The photographic-ethno archive of the CEE does not reflect the political changes that occurred during the revolution. The team's writings show social and political concerns, reflecting the transformations that the country went through in the 60s and 70s. The Agrarian Reform is mentioned as one of the significant changes. The team acknowledges that the country has changed and highlights the importance of preserving ancestral knowledge. The article describes the creation of the National Museum of Ethnology in Portugal and the contribution of foreign anthropologists, such as José Cutileiro, to the research and understanding of Portuguese rural culture. The museum team held exhibitions and collected objects that portrayed the country's rural life. The anthropological project aimed to highlight the importance of material culture and people's daily lives. The article also mentions the death of Benjamim Pereira, a member of the museum team, and highlights his contributions to the field. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the concept of settler colonialism and its application to events in Israel and Palestine, as well as the Hawaiian Islands. It explores the historical processes by which European and U.S. empires brought nonwhite societies under their control during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The author focuses on the 1893 haole revolution in Hawaii and the subsequent efforts to secure U.S. annexation, highlighting the ways in which marginalized empires like Portugal and Japan contested the situation. The article also examines the Hawaiian Republic's policies and debates regarding nonwhite citizenship and voting rights, ultimately condemning the nineteenth-century U.S. nation state and the local white residents who participated in overthrowing the Hawaiian monarchy. The author suggests the need for serious solutions to address past wrongs, but also acknowledges the complexity of replacing the nation state with a nonstate entity that values equality under the law for all residents. [Extracted from the article]

From the beginning of European overseas expansion in the fifteenth century, religious missions occupied an important place in the internal organisation of colonial empires. Their contribution to the ideological structuring of imperialism and the interaction with local populations is undeniable. With the emergence of the new imperialism and the scramble for Africa (after the 1870s), the missions, often anticipating the colonial political and administrative presence, enhanced their role as advocates of Europe's "civilising mission", above all through the education of the colonised peoples. For Portuguese decision-makers, the religious missions, with a multi-century tradition, had an important role in defending territorial claims overseas and promoting the empire's nationalisation. However, the lack of national missionaries, Christianity's inter-confessional competition in the nineteenth century and the emergence of international legal rules protecting missionary activities hindered Portugal's strategies. Using sources from several archives (in Lisbon, the Vatican, and elsewhere) to emphasise the role of a transnational missionary staff and the international law of missions, this text intersects these aspects, examining their convergence in the controversial case of the exit and replacement of Jesuit missionaries in Mozambique in 1910–1911, to demonstrate the need to look at the missionary issues in the Portuguese overseas domains from perspectives that go beyond nation and empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging in 1917 amidst the anxieties of World War I, the Cult of Our Lady of Fátima began with a vision witnessed by three shepherd children in rural Portugal. News of the apparition quickly spread, drawing hundreds, then thousands of pilgrims to the Cova da Iria. This potent symbol of faith soon transcended its origin, migrating in the form of venerated statues and dedicated shrines that sprouted across the globe. Particularly intertwined with Portuguese emigration, the cult's reach extended to former colonies in Africa and Asia ("Ultramar") and distant communities like Brazil. Statues of Our Lady became beacons of familiarity and solace, offering "homes away from home" for displaced populations. This essay focuses on the discourses surrounding the cult between the early 1930s and 1950s, exploring how Fátima served as a focal point for navigating the social, political, and cultural conflicts inherent in the emigration experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The links between Brazil and African countries go far beyond official political or economic relations and date back to the beginnings of Portuguese colonisation in the New World. They are bound by the painful history of many centuries of slavery, but also the influence of the African population on Brazilian culture, religion and society. Today, Brazil is the country with the second largest population of African descent after Nigeria, yet Brazil’s policy towards Africa seems largely short-term. The aim of the following article is to show the evolution of Brazil’s policy towards Africa in these dimensions from a historical perspective, with particular emphasis on the changes in its dynamics in the 21st century and its inclusion in a broader strategy of the country’s international activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with private property as a historical structure of the process of territorialization and territorial planning. Its strategic importance in the economy of pre-capitalist formations will be crucial for the differentiation between urban and rural space, configuration of cities and fields, and for the construction of a colonizing model that, in the Roman Empire, gives rise to a solid legal and symbolic apparatus that persists through space and time, in a long-term history, crossing seas, confronting peoples, cultures and places. Brought to Brazil as a basic territorial unit of Portuguese colonization, it still follows as a determining element of the organization of social space, either through urbanization, segregation, agribusiness advancement and the degradation of biomes and ways of life. Thinking and acting on a critical perspective imposes rethinking of private property, their social function and its role in the configuration of territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Confluenze. Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Moderna Sprak is the property of Institutionen for Moderna Sprak and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Medieval is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Historía da Sociedade e da Cultura is the property of Revista de Historia da Sociedade e da Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peace in the Banda Oriental, at the borders between the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Río de la Plata region, marks one of the major developments in the political geography of Latin America from 1777-1801, yet the subject has not been studied rigorously. This article explores how this peace came about after failing several times previously. Both Spanish and Portuguese colonial agents and policy-makers affected such peace by overcoming resistance to imperialism. A Luso-Hispanic policy of removal resulted in the Jesuits' loss of power in South America. Several successful mapping expeditions reduced Iberian dependence on native guides, limiting indigenous control over European colonization. Near extermination of cattle in the region and increased Spanish and Portuguese patrols over grazing lands curbed much of the illicit cattle hunting in the Río de la Plata. And the Spanish conquest of Colonia del Sacramento, a key contraband base, decreased smugglers' activity in the region. As the power of these non-governmental actors diminished, Iberian empires augmented their claims to sovereignty in the region and could finally affect the peace that Lisbon and Madrid so desired. This moment demonstrates a brief apogee in Iberian colonial control in the late eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulemba Astronomical Observatory, later known as the Mulemba Space Centre was founded in 1958 on Luanda's outskirts in Angola, then an African Portuguese colony, by the polymath Carlos Mar Bettencourt Faria. Being, from all accounts, a charming and knowledgeable individual who was mainly self taught, he managed to build several radio telescopes, a solar observing station, a state-of-the-art electronics laboratory and a satellite tracking facility. Financial support was obtained from a variety of individuals, commercial companies, public institutions and from 1971 onwards Angola's national government. Faria's ambitious plans were nevertheless always thwarted or delayed by lack of funds. In 1973 data started to be collected at the solar station but the whirlwind of 1970s politics had a decisive impact in Angola. Faria's beautiful dream effectively ended when he was assassinated at the Observatory in 1976. In this paper we recall Carlos Bettencourt Faria's life and his battle against all odds to establish a professional-level astronomical observatory in Angola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in tropical precipitation over the past millennia have usually been associated with latitudinal displacements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Recent studies provide new evidence that contraction and expansion of the tropical rain belt may also have contributed to ITCZ variability on centennial timescales. Over tropical South America few records point to a similar interpretation, which prevents a clear diagnosis of ITCZ changes in the region. In order to improve our understanding of equatorial rain belt variability, our study presents a reconstruction of precipitation for the last 3200 years from the northeastern Brazil (NEB) region, an area solely influenced by ITCZ precipitation. We analyze oxygen isotopes in speleothems that serve as a faithful proxy for the past location of the southern margin of the ITCZ. Our results, in comparison with other ITCZ proxies, indicate that the range of seasonal migration, contraction, and expansion of the ITCZ was not symmetrical around the Equator on secular and multidecadal timescales. A new NEB ITCZ pattern emerges based on the comparison between two distinct proxies that characterize the ITCZ behavior during the last 2500 years, with an ITCZ zonal pattern between NEB and the eastern Amazon. In NEB, the period related to the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA – 950 to 1250 CE) was characterized by an abrupt transition from wet to dry conditions. These drier conditions persisted until the onset of the period corresponding to the Little Ice Age (LIA) in 1560 CE, representing the longest dry period over the last 3200 years in NEB. The ITCZ was apparently forced by teleconnections between Atlantic and Pacific that controlled the position, intensity, and extent of the Walker cell over South America, changing the zonal ITCZ characteristics, while sea surface temperature changes in both the Pacific and Atlantic stretched or weakened the ITCZ-related rainfall meridionally over NEB. Wetter conditions started around 1500 CE in NEB. During the last 500 years, our speleothems document the occurrence of some of the strongest drought events over the last centuries, which drastically affected population and environment of NEB during the Portuguese colonial period. The historical droughts were able to affect the karst system and led to significant impacts over the entire NEB region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Forum, six scholars reflect on Rahul Rao's recent book Out of Time: The Queer Politics of Postcoloniality from other geographies, themes and radical possibilities. Part I offers dialogues with Out of Time from Trump's USA and Brazil's 'hetero-military' dictatorship and Portuguese colonial roots. Emerson Maione and Renan Quinalha explore how Rao's elaborations of homonationalism, homocapitalism, homoromanticism and 'pink-washing' more generally travel in new contexts and how the 'fetishization of law' can mislead investigations of queer-, homoand transphobias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Varia História is the property of Varia Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to describe a brief history of the arrival of Protestantism of mission in Brazil, during the imperial period (1822-1889). For this purpose, we seek to develop the theme based on the understanding of the historical, cultural and social context of the country at that time and how the strategy of penetration of Protestant missionaries into the country occurred, which, until then, was an isolated and closed colony of Portugal. Among the main strategies, the propagation of the Bible was a significant difference in Protestant action, allowing the Holy Scripture to establish itself as a very present symbol of the new expression of Christian faith that arrived in Brazilian lands. It is noteworthy that the arrival of the Protestant faith in Brazil occurred through the main denominations existing at the time, namely, the Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Baptists and Episcopalians. Finally, we seek to understand the developments caused by the presence of Protestants in the country, based on a social, educational and religious reality. The methodological option is based on a literature review. It is hoped that the reflections presented here will contribute to a better understanding of Brazilian Protestant history and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cnidarians are commonly recognized as sea jellies, corals, or complex colonies such as the Portuguese man-of-war. While some cnidarians possess rigid internal calcareous skeletons (e.g., corals), many are soft-bodied. Intriguingly, genes coding for the chitin-biosynthetic enzyme, chitin synthase (CHS), were recently identified in the model anemone Nematostella vectensis, a species lacking hard structures. Here we report the prevalence and diversity of CHS across Cnidaria and show that cnidarian chitin synthase genes display diverse protein domain organizations. We found that CHS is expressed in cnidarian species and/or developmental stages with no reported chitinous or rigid morphological structures. Chitin affinity histochemistry indicates that chitin is present in soft tissues of some scyphozoan and hydrozoan medusae. To further elucidate the biology of chitin in cnidarian soft tissues, we focused on CHS expression in N. vectensis. Spatial expression data show that three CHS orthologs are differentially expressed in Nematostella embryos and larvae during development, suggesting that chitin has an integral role in the biology of this species. Understanding how a non-bilaterian lineage such as Cnidaria employs chitin may provide new insight into hitherto unknown functions of polysaccharides in animals, as well as their role in the evolution of biological novelty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to show contemporary artistic interpretations of colonialism in Portugal as expressed by Afro-descendants from former Portuguese colonies. The primary focus of this study is the ongoing debate surrounding two monuments in Lisbon. The first monument, the Padrão dos Descobrimentos, was originally created in 1940 and subsequently rebuilt in 1960 and is still one of the city’s most recognizable landmarks. The second monument, the Memorial to Enslaved People, is currently under development and seeks to give voice to African communities in Portugal. The analysis is grounded in a theoretical framework that incorporates concepts such as postmemory, multidirectional memory, and dissonant heritage. The broader context for this study is the UNESCO Decade of People of African Descent (2015-2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Definition: Mozambique is a Southern African tropical country; it forms a 4330 km coastline on the Indian Ocean side. It is one of the continent's five former Portuguese colonies, with the economy relying mainly on agriculture and mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the third quarter of the 19th century, Macau, a Portuguese enclave in Chinese territory, became an important departure port for indentured labores. Official documents testify to the concern of the Portuguese metropolis with the growing flow of Chinese, the types of contracts, recruitment, transport conditions and the conditions of the barracks where they awaited shipment, in addition to the external repercussions involving the English, French and Chinese. This article studies the forced emigration of a group of Annamites kidnapped at sea by Chinese pirates and then sold as emigrants to emigration agents in Macau. A case study revealing some of the minutiae of the capillary business network with the aim of recruiting individuals and transforming them into indentured labores to supply the world's demand for cheap and disciplined labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the interrogation of visual history associated with Goan church architectural legacies offered by Vishvesh Prabhakar Kandolkar's installation series, This is Not the Basilica! (2021). The artist's subject is the 16th-century Basilica of Bom Jesus, which was built in locally domesticated Baroque style during Goa's Portuguese colonial era and which houses the remains of the Spanish saint, Francis Xavier. Kandolkar's work makes viewers intimate with the Basilica's history, I contend, so as to posit the need for conservation efforts that will save the deteriorating church while also revealing its unseen aesthetic past as a symbol of still-unfolding Goan identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present, as an object of possible research lines, the text of the representation dated August 4, 1777, coming from the chamber of Vila Real de Sabará, Minas Gerais, in which the officers address directly to Queen Maria I, arguing that it was no longer possible to maintain the voluntary subsidy - a tribute instituted to help in the reconstruction of Lisbon, after the earthquake of 1755 - given the decay in which the village and captaincy had been. In order to mark the existence and provenance of the diplomatic document, edited under semi-diplomatic norms, studies on its codicological, paleographic and diplomatic properties precede the analysis of the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into some of the ways in which the Portuguese language book markets were explored by one of the publishing clans that most influenced the field of publishing in Portugal between the end of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century: the Torres. On the basis of the case of Romano Torres, a publishing house established in Lisbon between 1886 and 1990 and dedicated to the publishing of books for mass consumption, analytical attention is paid to the relationship between this publishing house and the spaces of print culture circulation in Portuguese-speaking communities outside Portugal and how its activity was shaped by political, publishing and economic dynamics that affected its relationship with this heterogeneous geographical and social constellation: including Brazil, the former Portuguese colonies in Africa, and the Portuguese diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade of colonial Portuguese Guinea (now Guiné-Bissau), the Portuguese government accelerated the process of territory occupation. While colonial administration announced to promote and improve living conditions of the Guinean population, nevertheless the population experienced a violent intrusion in their private and public life by the colonial authorities. The effective territory occupation and the clash with the rural population started during the War of Independence and especially during the government of Governor General António de Spínola (1968-1972) under the so-called “Uma Guiné Melhor” (“A Better Guinea”) plan. This plan was not only a psychological-propaganda campaign, but also a clear military occupation strategy to achieve the implementation of “strategic camps that imprison” the local population (Ledda, 1970: 119). The aim of this paper is to examine the construction of those strategic camps, to explore the housing typologies and to question the social, spatial and economic impact on the life of the rural Guinean population. This article also aims to frame the controversial messages of the integration policy acclaimed in the “Uma Guiné Melhor” plan by exploring and analysing the strategies of spatialization of people in action between 1968-1973. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discoursively glocal architectures play a key role in today’s architectural norms and forms. This is also the case in Portugal where modern pedigreed architecture harnesses some form of local tradition and cultural reification as credentials. This article argues this is partly rooted in the cultural discourses developed within the post-war colonial project of the Portuguese dictatorship (Estado Novo), intersecting modernization with imperial reorganization, and in which architectural modernist ideals of autonomy and liberty played a direct role. The article contends the appropriation of these ideals needs to be considered in a double light: as a sign of progress for a professional elite and as a new mask for an old and violent system of inequality. The article explores the colonial infra-structuring of post-war architectural knowledge, questioning the role of “virgin” landscapes in re-creating professional practice rallied by colonial modernization. The article examines how ethnographic processes were integrated into architectural creation, inspiring “culturally committed” forms of “Portuguese” modernism and imperialism. Offering a critique and cultural debate of the entanglements between architecture, anthropology, nation and empire, the article aims to contribute to architecture’s political history and to debates on the role of modern spatial practices in the creation of racial categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their interesting study on Sport and Globalization, Toby Miller, Geoffrey Lawrence, Jim McKay and David Rowe (2001) observe a parallelism between the commercial boom of imperialist Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the process of creating an order global for mass sports such as football, tennis, cricket, or athletics. The question of the expansion of the capitalist logic on sport is posed, as we will see below, in terms of the passage from British to North American imperialism. But there is another Empire, outside the concerns of the authors, within whose vast domains, a type of corporal practice also emerged, a warrior dance, a martial art, transformed at a given moment into a sport. We are talking about the great Portuguese empire, where capoeira emerged, an art whose study will allow us, reinforcing and expanding the theoretical perspective of Toby Miller and his companions, to emphasize the incorporation of sport, through the sportivization of the game, in the capitalist societies of the 20th century, as an important element for the intellectual construction of that nationalpopular culture that guarantees the hegemony, in the national space, of a social class that has the capacity to present, internally and externally, its particular interests as the interest of the whole of the people-nation and, with that, negotiating, even, especially in the current moment of globalization, its insertion in the different structures of international power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Confluenze. Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Brocar: Cuadernos de Investigación Histórica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anos 90 is the property of Anos 90 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From the arrival of Portuguese colonialism to its present incarnation as the world's biggest gambling center, Macau has long made the most of its liminal position at China's edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nationality of contemporary multinational corporations has become increasingly ambiguous, and this ambiguity is far from exclusive to the current global economy; a similar past ambivalence occurred with multinational investments in Portuguese colonies. This study analyses how multinationals handle strategic decision-making and governance when the corporate centre is ambiguous. It uses archival data on actual corporate decisions to explore how the headquarters' strategic and administrative functions split across national centres. The results emphasise that the balance of power among different locations depended on accessing capital, knowledge, and specialised services. Three dynamic factors emerged to explain the changes in corporate decision-making configurations over time: project management capabilities, the project's duration, and capital intensity. However, there was no single evolutionary profile. Combining or choosing between nationality legacies for locating corporate functions was a strategic choice, more dependent on firm-specific aspects than on contextual constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to undertake an exploratory pilot study on the multiplicity of texts that strive to write or analyse the memories of the displaced individuals from the former Portuguese African colonies during the 1975–1976 forced migration to Portugal who came to be labelled retornados (returnees), rethink history and eliminate silences, to pave the way for postmemory and controlled affective ties through reparative readings and nostalgia. We undertook bibliographical research to determine the eligibility criteria and used nonprobability convenience sampling to select the texts to carry out a content analysis. An interdisciplinary approach is used to present and discuss the results. Although decades have passed since the retorno, the stigma of being a retornado still remains in the memory of Portuguese society as interest in the topic and the time distance allows for more rigorous studies. In the analysed texts, the results achieved establish that the relationship of the Portuguese people with the contemporary memory and history of the colonial era is comprised of silences and nonmemories that still have to be deconstructed to forge a positive future for the generation of postmemory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely understood that, over a half‐century ago, most nations of Africa gained formal independence from colonial powers. What is not widely known is that in former French and Portuguese colonies, France was able to retain a significant degree of control over the economics and politics through a neocolonial system dubbed la Françafrique. Under that system, France has made use of the CFA franc, the management of natural resources, and one‐sided commercial contracts to siphon off much of the economic surplus generated by these 23 nations. In addition, France has effectively installed puppet governments in many nations and stifled dissent throughout the continent. Dissent against French domination of Africa has occurred at various times during the long period of Françafrique, and has intensified significantly in recent years. Several governments in West Africa are now openly rebelling against France, and diasporan communities and influential individuals are increasingly speaking out to support and interpret this dissent. This article provides an historical overview of Françafrique, reviews its current impacts, and sketches the contours of the growing movement to dismantle it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reciprocal migration—which we define as the mutual exchange of origin and destination by two different migrating groups—is hardly acknowledged in the migration literature. In terms of the temporalities of migration, which are usually seen as sequences or transitions, reciprocal migrations are simultaneous. We analyse the reciprocal migrations between Angola and Portugal over the time-frame of the past 10–15 years. In-depth interviews were carried out with Portuguese migrants in Angola, most of whom moved there in the wake of the post-2008 financial crisis, and with Angolan third-level students and recent graduates in Portugal. A key operational concept in our analysis is the plastic notion of skill and its differential racialisation. Portuguese migrants in Angola are automatically regarded as 'skilled' even when they are not, whereas Angolan students and graduates in Portugal, when they seek work, are often viewed as 'unskilled African migrant workers'. We thus distinguish and deconstruct the geographical binary between transnational origin and destination spaces and the social binary between 'skilled white bodies' and 'unskilled black bodies'. These racialised embodied tropes draw on histories of Portuguese colonisation and the contested notion of 'Lusotropicalism', as well as the so-called Lusophone migration system involving complex transnational relations and two-way migration flows. Theoretically we frame this asymmetrical system of reciprocal migration within a modified version of core–periphery relations, as well as the coloniality of power and its enduring influence over the racialisation of skill, education, culture and language across the Portuguese–Angolan transnational space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the Inquisition in Brazil and the role of the inquisitors in the procedural modus operandi of the ecclesiastical Tribunal of the Holy Office of Lisbon. The source documents indicate part of what was the Portuguese inquisition in Brazil during the colonization process of the territory. It seeks to understand the rite of the process through the actions of the inquisitors, the highest office in the organisation of the Holy Office of the Portuguese Inquisition. With this objective, it was necessary to approach documental sources such as the regulation, the manual for inquisitors and the cases of those accused of various crimes during the Tribunal of Lisbon. The study was realised based on primary sources and illustrated by a case in the colony of Brazil, among many others, providing details about the diverse cases that were judged in the tribunal of the Holy Office of Lisbon, as the Portuguese colony did have its own court yet installed. It is hoped that this study inspires further investigations into the subject with an eye towards studying the most varied processes of the inquisition in Brazil during the colonial period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photography had an important role in the elaboration of the colonial experience in the metropolis, once it had been used to record the colonial's own actions in their different areas and affirm their political ideas, fundamentally those that associated Portuguese nationality with a "gift of colonizing the world". In this sense, the article intends to analyze the Civilização magazine edition dedicated to the Portuguese Colonial Exhibition of 1934 to assess how the photographic images presented in it could expand the colonial propaganda messages of the regime at a time of construction of colonialism in the Estado Novo. These visual sources were not limited to that time. When made available online today, they continue to promote colonial experiences in a different way regarding the public's interaction with photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "The Press and the Empire in Portuguese Africa (1842-1974)" by Isadora de Ataíde Fonseca analyzes the role of the press and journalism in the Portuguese colonies in Africa. The author demonstrates how the press contributed to the contestations, dilemmas, collaborations, and associativism in the Portuguese colonies throughout the political regimes in Portugal between 1842 and 1974. The press in the Portuguese colonies had a political profile and was a space for the first literary expressions in colonial spaces. During the Constitutional Monarchy, the Official Bulletin had regularity in Cape Verde, while there is little information about the press in São Tomé and Príncipe and Guinea during this period. During the Republic, there were few changes in Portuguese colonial policies regarding Africa. The article discusses the role of the press in Portuguese Africa during the colonial period, highlighting the different political orientations of the newspapers and their relationship with the current political regimes. The text mentions the creation of associations and leagues in the African colonies, which used the press as a means of claiming rights and political struggle. The author also addresses the instrumentalization of the press by the Estado Novo from the 1940s onwards and the emergence of African leaders who fought for the independence of the colonies. With the Carnation Revolution in 1974, the Portuguese colonies achieved independence and new periodicals emerged to manage the localities. Isadora de Ataíde Fonseca's work is highlighted as an important contribution to the study of the press in colonial Africa. [Extracted from the article]