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Kraft (sulfate) lignin is a large-scale by-product of the pulp and paper industry and a promising renewable raw material for the production of a wide range of chemicals and materials with high added value. One of the main directions of valorization of technical lignin is conversion into low-molecular-weight phenolic products using various depolymerization methods. To solve the problems of operational control of ongoing processes and the molecular level characterization of complex mixtures of formed low-molecular-weight compounds, this study proposes the use of atmospheric pressure photoionization high-resolution mass spectrometry in combination with visualizing the resulting data sets based on elemental ratios (van Krevelen diagrams) and Kendrick mass defects. Using this methodology, the kraft lignin depolymerization products formed in a supercritical isopropanol medium were characterized, and the effect of additives of nitrogen-containing catalysts (hydroxylamine and diethylamine) on the ongoing processes and the composition of the resulting products were studied. The leading role of reduction processes in the transformation of lignin oligomers under the action of isopropanol was shown, and the characteristic differences between the products obtained in the absence and with the addition of nitrogen-containing catalysts were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the ongoing challenges in freight transport operations is to balance efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability through the integration of sustainable practices to minimize the environmental impact. When it comes to truck payload and sustainability, the emphasis is on optimizing space, and minimizing empty miles and the wastage of resources. Ensuring that truck loads meet their targets has many challenges, and our empirical research examines the factors influencing the payloads of recycled fibre across the network in the UK paper industry. Methods: A mixed method approach includes interviews, business process analysis, the identification of opportunity areas, a site visit, simulation, and viability analysis to assess factors as part of the sustainable solution. Results: The research identified aspects related to processes, data availability and fragmentation, consistent procedures, practices, and operational considerations. Refining cage-loading procedures, enhancing baling processes and the visibility of upstream processes, and establishing robust information-sharing mechanisms improve efficiency and support sustainability. Conclusions: The empirical research extends the knowledge related to freight efficiency movements on the road and focuses on practical actions in utilizing recycled fibre's carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To effectively utilize industrial lignin, a large amount of waste produced by the pulp and paper industry, this paper primarily explores its potential as a substitute for coal-based reducing agents in the reduction of iron oxides. The weight change, phase change, and activation energy change during the reduction of iron oxide by industrial lignin were characterized using detection methods such as TG-DTG-DSC, XRD, and SEM. The results show that the maximum weight loss rate of industrial lignin reducing iron oxide is (4.52%·min−1) > Lu'an anthracite (2.01%·min−1) > Shenmu bituminous coal (1.57%·min−1). The activation energy variation range during the reduction of Fe2O3 by industrial lignin, calculated using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method, is 241.91~463.51 kJ·mol−1, and the activation energy first decreased, then increased, then decreased slightly with the increase of conversion fraction. There is a coupling effect in the reduction of Fe2O3 by industrial lignin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the papermaking industry, cellulose fibers often undergo a bleaching process which affects the surface of the fibers, or their overall morphology. The surface of the produced paper, which is most often used as a printing substrate, depends on the production method, the arrangement of the cellulose fibers, and the quantity and fineness of the filler. The micro-irregularities caused by the uneven distribution of fibers and surface particles of the filler make the paper's surface rough and affect the print quality and its stability when exposed to light from the moment of production to use. The unbleached cellulose fibers in the printing substrate contain natural pigments, lignin and hemicellulose that absorb UV radiation, as opposed to bleached fibers, which have higher whiteness and lightfastness. Therefore, the influence of UV radiation on the surface roughness of prints made on papers with natural unbleached and bleached hemp fibers was analyzed. This research confirmed that papers formed from unbleached fibers have rougher surface and that printed graphic products from bleached fibers have higher stability to UV radiation than those from natural, unbleached hemp fibers after 96 h of treatment in the Suntest chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the research, the history of the paper industry in Turkey was examined and its current situation was revealed with updated data. Time series analysis, which is suitable for the scope of the research, was preferred as the method of the article. In the study, firstly, paper enterprises and production initiatives in the Ottoman Empire are explained. In the next step, the efforts to establish and develop the paper industry in order to reduce the foreign dependency of the Young Republic of Turkey were emphasized. The modern paper industry in Turkey was established in Izmit in 1934. Izmit Paper Mills, which was affiliated with Sümerbank, was affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and was named General Directorate of Turkish Pulp and Paper Mills Enterprise (SEKA). In the research, paper mills in Turkey were examined in three periods: establishment (1934-1961), expansion to regions (1970-1984), privatization and today. In addition, the numerical values in paper production of Germany and Turkey, which rank first in paper production in Europe, were compared. As a result, it has been revealed that the paper industry in Turkey has become a sector that has a foreign trade deficit every year, cellulose production is insufficient and the natural resource potential cannot be mobilized. In this context, some suggestions evaluated from a geographical perspective are presented.

Lignin has long been regarded as waste, readily separated and discarded from the pulp and paper industry. However, as the most abundant aromatic renewable biopolymer in nature, lignin can replace petroleum resources to prepare chemicals containing benzene rings. Therefore, the high-value transformation of lignin has attracted the interest of both academia and industry. Nitrogen-containing compounds and functionalized materials are a class of compounds that have wide applications in chemistry, materials science, energy storage, and other fields. Converting lignin into nitrogenous chemicals and materials is a high-value utilization pathway. Currently, there is a large amount of literature exploring the conversion of lignin. However, a comprehensive review of the transformation of lignin to nitrogenous compounds is lacking. The research progress of lignin conversion to nitrogenous chemicals and functional materials is reviewed in this article. This article provides an overview of the chemical structure and types of industrial lignin, methods of lignin modification, as well as nitrogen-containing chemicals and functional materials prepared from various types of lignin, including their applications in wastewater treatment, slow-release fertilizer, adhesive, coating, and biomedical fields. In addition, the challenges and limitations of nitrogenous lignin-based materials encountered during the development of applications are also discussed. It is believed that this review will act as a key reference and inspiration for researchers in the biomass and material field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provided text is an investigation into the process of transferring value from the TIMOs operating in the eucalyptus, pulp and paper agribusiness in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul. The article is guided by the theoretical and methodological frameworks of Marxist Dependency Theory and Geography. In terms of methodological procedures, we analyzed bibliographic and documentary material, especially information provided by the companies Suzano and Eldorado, or by representatives of the sector. The focus, however, was on analyzing the information and data obtained from the documents of the companies TTG Brasil, Lacan Florestal and Valor Florestal, which helped shed light on the hypothesis that the financialization of the eucalyptus, pulp and paper agribusiness in Mato Grosso do Sul involves the process of value transfer seen from TIMO's strategies. Among the results, the tracking and identification of TIMO's that are present in Mato Grosso do Sul stands out, as well as the municipalities where they operate, area under control, financial operations and objective links that connect, with certain mediations, foreign capital and national/local in the process of appropriation and transfer of value from the pulp and paper sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provided text is an investigation into the process of transferring value from the TIMOs operating in the eucalyptus, pulp and paper agribusiness in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul. The article is guided by the theoretical and methodological frameworks of Marxist Dependency Theory and Geography. In terms of methodological procedures, we analyzed bibliographic and documentary material, especially information provided by the companies Suzano and Eldorado, or by representatives of the sector. The focus, however, was on analyzing the information and data obtained from the documents of the companies TTG Brasil, Lacan Florestal and Valor Florestal, which helped shed light on the hypothesis that the financialization of the eucalyptus, pulp and paper agribusiness in Mato Grosso do Sul involves the process of value transfer seen from TIMO's strategies. Among the results, the tracking and identification of TIMO's that are present in Mato Grosso do Sul stands out, as well as the municipalities where they operate, area under control, financial operations and objective links that connect, with certain mediations, foreign capital and national/local in the process of appropriation and transfer of value from the pulp and paper sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of laboratory beating on unbleached regular grade pine kraft pulp (UPKP), pre-treated with commercial cellulase/hemicellulase enzymatic preparation (C/HEP) were assessed using degrees of Schopper-Riegler (°SR) and fibre-quality numbers (FQN). The tests showed a significant increase in the °SR (used in papermaking laboratories and industry to assess the degree of beating) of the UPKP after its enzymatic pre-treatment in the amount of 0.25 to 5.0 mL/kg of pulp and beating. However, only a several percent reduction of beating time was observed when the effect of this pretreatment of pulp on the speed of its beating was determined using another method. The treatment of the pulp selected for research with C/HEP before beating negatively influenced its strength properties after this process. The results correlated well with the most important basic fiber properties from the standpoint of papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences / Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Cografi Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pulp and paper industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its energy consumption and carbon footprint. This study examines the feasibility of integrating high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) into tissue paper production to enhance energy efficiency and decarbonization. Focusing on the energy-intensive drying process, the study uses data from a typical tissue paper mill to simulate and optimize an HTHP system producing four tons per hour of nine-bar saturated steam. It also addresses necessary modifications for HTHP integration applicable across the sector. Various refrigerants were analyzed, achieving a maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.01. Results showed that HTHP can reduce energy consumption and emissions by up to 17% and 40%, respectively, based on the European electricity mix. Although steam production costs increase by 55% compared to fossil fuel-based systems, HTHP is more cost-effective than direct electric resistance heating, which raises costs by 196%. With a CO2 price of EUR 100/t, HTHP offers a 12% cost reduction. However, without public funding, capital expenditures may be unsustainable in many regions, though viable in countries with favorable gas and electricity price differentials. The paper underscores the need for advancements in HTHP technology and cost reductions, emphasizing industry adaptation for seamless HTHP integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A procedure for making a wooden heat-insulating product for construction applications through lignin removing is presented in this paper. The non-conventional procedure is almost similar to that known and used in the pulp and paper industry, but the technological purpose is clearly different. The type of tree wood chosen by authors (Romanian spruce wood) is a novelty compared to the rather large list of tree species tested so far and represents the originality of the work. The liquid alkaline environment was constituted of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and distilled water and this has activated the spruce wood waste. By removing lignin from the wood structure, heat conductance of the wooden material decreased by comparison with conductance of the same type of non-treated wood. The heat treatment temperature into an electric oven was 95 °C for 8 hours. The results showed the possibility to obtain a product with denseness value of 0.14 g⋅cm-3 and heat conductance of 0.030 W⋅m-1⋅K-1, i.e. very good insulation properties. Analyzing the material quality, this was almost identical to high-performance wooden materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tests the impact of state environmental regulatory stringency on firms' allocation of production across states using plant-level U.S. Census data for the paper industry during 1967–2012. We model firms' production shares in each state with a conditional logit specification, testing several measures of state regulatory stringency and controlling for other state characteristics. Firms with relatively low compliance rates are more likely to avoid stringent states compared to firms with the highest compliance rates. This is consistent with our theoretical model when firms' compliance decisions are affected more by differences across their costs, rather than their benefits, of compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) present a promising solution for diverting waste generated by the pulp and paper industry from landfills. The global pulp and paper industry generated 110 million tons [...]

Nanocellulose has shown promising improvements in the technological properties of various products within the paper industry. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of nanofibrillar cellulose (NCF) from bamboo (Guadua angustifolia Kunth.) on the physical-mechanical properties of paper made with virgin bamboo fiber, recycled fibers from Double Kraft Liner (DKL), and a mix of both. The NCF was obtained by means of TEMPO at a defibrillation of 25 000 RPM. Then, it was added in concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 6% for each type of paper. The results, which were statistically analyzed, demonstrated that thickness, permeability, and tear resistance decreased, while density and resistance to tension and folding increased as the NCF concentration increased. Due to the characteristics of NCF, the potential use of the paper made with this additive is food wrapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae is the property of Uniwerystet Kardynala Stefana Wyznskiege w Warzawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Curl propensity is a critical-to-quality (CTQ) property of paper, as it causes severe problems during printing and other final conversion operations. The main papermaking factor causing the curl phenomenon is the existence of a fiber orientation (FO) gradient across the thickness direction (or ZD), also known as two-sidedness. Therefore, a methodology that characterizes the FO across the ZD is fundamental for papermakers. In this work, we propose and validate an efficient and cost-effective protocol based on sheet splitting and image analysis. Besides assessing the level of FO two-sidedness, the methodology also provides insights into the flow dynamics in the draining zone of the forming section of the paper machine and the drying stresses built into the paper. This information is relevant for monitoring, optimizing, and troubleshooting activities in the paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As increasing fiber hydrophobicity can significantly improve the paper dewatering process, we found that replacing SBKP and HBKP with 0.5% superhydrophobic CPGMA can significantly improve the dewatering of paper sheets. Therefore, it can be concluded that if CPGMA has little effect on paper properties, it will have potential industrial value in the papermaking industry. Consequently, it is necessary to further study the effect of the CPGMAs@CPAM/SiO2/APAM system on paper properties. To evaluate the application potential of the system in the papermaking industry, we investigated the effects of CPGMAs, which replaced the fibers in the stocks, on the paper properties in the CPAM/SiO2/APAM system. The findings demonstrate that as the CPGMA replacement increased, the paper's tensile strength, bursting strength, tear resistance, and folding endurance all declined. The trend can be segmented into two phases: a rapid decrease for substitution amounts below 0.5% and a gradual decline for substitution amounts exceeding 0.5%. When replaced with a small amount of CPGMAs, there was a negligible effect on these properties. Second, the paper air permeability increased with the CPGMA substitution amount in the stock. Furthermore, the trend of paper air permeability can be divided into two stages—a rapid stage with a substitution amount of <0.5% and a slow stage with a substitution amount of >0.5%. A small amount of CPGMAs could distinctly improve the paper's air permeability. Third, CPGMAs, which replaced fibers in the stock, minutely affected the paper formation. A small amount of CPGMAs substantially boosted the efficacy of the process of paper manufacture and certain characteristics of the paper, and it had a negligible impact on the strength of paper. The CPGMAs@CPAM/SiO2/APAM technology has the potential to improve the retention and filtration performance of CPAM/SiO2/APAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pulp and paper industry (P&PI) is undergoing significant disruption driven by global megatrends that necessitate advanced tools for predicting future behavior and adapting strategies accordingly. Methods: This work utilizes a multi-criteria framework to quantify the effects of digitalization, changes in social behavior, and sustainability as three major megatrends transforming the P&PI industry, with a specific focus on hygiene tissue products. Thus, the research combines a comprehensive literature review, insights from a Delphi study, and topic modeling to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the present and future impacts of these global megatrends. Results: The findings suggest an urgent need to identify alternative raw materials to prevent potential supply chain disruptions. Moreover, due to shifts in social behavior, it becomes critical for businesses to substantiate their sustainability claims with hard data to avoid the risk of a "greenwashing" perception among consumers. Conclusions: This study provides decision support for strategic planning by highlighting actionable insights, quantitative predictions, and trend analysis, alongside the examination of consumer and market trends. It aims to incorporate diverse stakeholder perspectives and criteria into decision-making processes, thereby enriching the strategic planning and sustainability efforts within the P&PI industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the industrial success of bio-based adhesives remains limited, despite the growing interest in these compounds. One example is the use of lignosulfonates (LS), a byproduct from the pulp and paper industry, which requires long pressing times to ensure proper performance for wood-based panel production. This study successfully manufactured particleboards using a low press factor of 7.5 s/mm, commonly used for conventional urea-formaldehyde resins on a lab scale. To the best of our knowledge, lignin-based particleboards have never been reported using such low press factors. Thus, 3-layer boards were manufactured in which the core layer was bonded with polymeric isocyanate (pMDI), and the surface layers were bonded with LS. Propylene carbonate (PC) was used as a solvent for pMDI to improve adhesive distribution. The optimum amounts of adhesive were determined using response surface methodology: 1.3% pMDI with 2.2% PC in the core layer and 15% LS in the surface layers. These boards obeyed the requirements of standard EN 312 for general-purpose boards for use in dry conditions (type P1). Their formaldehyde content, determined through the perforator method, was equal to that of the wood mix at the maximum value set by IKEA for class E0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substantial R &D efforts are currently directed towards the development of combined heat and power (CHP) systems that automatically and seamlessly connect to the power grid. In this paper we develop a real options model to assess the impact that the operational flexibility characterizing such systems will have on the optimal timing and capacity associated with investments in CHP plants. We take the viewpoint of a manufacturer operating in an energy-intensive industry who contemplates investing in CHP. We discuss and compare investments in two types of CHP systems: a standard one that is operationally rigid and a technologically advanced one that is operationally flexible. The interaction between temporal and operational flexibility under uncertainty and irreversibility is central to our analysis. We show that operational flexibility guarantees earlier investment but has an ambiguous effect in terms of capacity. In particular, when operational flexibility is very valuable the potential investor is opting for investing in a plant with larger productive capacity. The potential investor chooses a smaller CHP unit if otherwise. A numerical exercise calibrated using data from the Italian pulp and paper and electricity industries complements our theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic community has witnessed a notable increase in paper publications, whereby the rapid pace at which modern society seeks information underscores the critical need for literature mapping. This study introduces an innovative automatic model for categorizing articles by subject matter using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for classification and category labeling, alongside a proposed ranking method called SSS (Scientific Significance Score) and using Z-score to select the finest papers. This paper's use case concerns industry productivity. The key findings include the following: (1) The Decision Tree model demonstrated superior performance with an accuracy rate of 75% in classifying articles within the productivity and industry theme. (2) Through a ranking methodology based on citation count and publication date, it identified the finest papers. (3) Recent publications with higher citation counts achieved better scores. (4) The model's sensitivity to outliers underscores the importance of addressing database imbalances, necessitating caution during training by excluding biased categories. These findings not only advance the utilization of ML models for paper classification but also lay a foundation for further research into productivity within the industry, exploring themes such as artificial intelligence, efficiency, industry 4.0, innovation, and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is more important to improve and complete the wastewater process in order to reuse and return it to the production line. In this study, the hydrogen peroxide/ozone process (Peroxone) was investigated as a supplementary step in paper mill wastewater treatment to reduce the amount of chemical oxygen demand and remove E. coli. In this regard, using the Box-Behnken Design method based on the response surface method to optimize and investigate the effect of three variables governing the ozonation process, including the amount of hydrogen peroxide consumed (ml), the amount of ozone input (mg/min) and ozonation time (min) were used. The results showed that the amount of ozone and hydrogen peroxide had the greatest effect for reducing COD (up to about 75%). Also, all three variables have played a significant role in increasing the efficiency of the Peroxone process and even completely eliminating E. coli. In determining the optimal conditions, the amount of ozone (146 mg/min), the amount of hydrogen peroxide (2ml) and the duration of ozonation (23 min), the lowest amount of residual COD (73 mg/L) and the highest efficiency (75% removal of E. coli) are predicted. The results showed that due to the interaction of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, the peroxone process performance was less efficient than the ozonation process alone.

Expansive soil exhibits significant swellings and shrinkages, which may result in severe damage or the collapse of structures built upon it. Calcium-based admixtures, such as lime, are commonly used to improve this problematic soil. However, traditional chemical additions can increase significant environmental stress. This paper proposes a sustainable solution, namely, the use of lignin fiber (LF) from the paper industry to partially replace lime as an amendment for expansive soils. Both the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the lignin fiber-treated expansive soil are extensively studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of expansive soil are improved by using lignin fiber alone. Under the condition of an optimal dosage of 8%, the compressive strength of lignin fiber-modified soil can reach 193 kPa, the shear strength is increased by 40% compared with the untreated soil, and the water conductivity is also improved with the increase in dosage. In addition, compared with 2% lime-modified soil, the compressive strength of 8% lignin fiber- and 2% lime composite-treated expansive soil increased by 50%, the cohesion increased by 12%, and the water conductivity decreased significantly. The microstructure analysis shows that at an 8% lignin fiber content, lignin fibers interweave into a network in the soil, which effectively enhances the strength and stability of the improved soil. Simultaneously, the fibers can form bridges across the adjacent micropores, leading to the merging of pores and transforming fine, dispersed micropores into larger, connected macropores. Lime promotes the flocculation of soil particles, forming larger aggregates and thus resulting in larger pores. The addition of fibers exerts an inhibitory effect on the flocculation reaction in the composite-improved soil. In conclusion, lignin fibers are an effective addition used to partially replace calcium admixture for the treatment of expansive soil, which provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly treatment scheme for reducing industrial waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project investigates productivity linked assembly in the paper industry, with a focus on the production of corrugated cardboard boxes. The research encompasses the entire production process, from the sourcing of raw materials to the manufacturing and quality testing of the final product. The primary raw material for this industry is wood, which is currently facing a shortage due to environmental concerns. The study aims to understand how industries are managing the shortage of high-quality, cost-effective products. It delves into packaging issues, discussing them with manufacturers, and subsequently develops constraint models to address these issues. In the production process, boxes of varying sizes are made to accommodate different packaging needs. These boxes undergo rigorous testing for tear strength and compression resistance to ensure their durability. Modifications are made during the manufacturing process, such as altering flute sizes and layering panels both vertically and horizontally, to enhance the box's strength. Once produced, the boxes are tested for their suitability within the industry. The study concludes by proposing measures to alleviate constraints faced by entrepreneurs and the food industry, such as the implementation of digitalization and the establishment of supplier agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene-, polyvinylidene chloride-, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance-coated paper generate microplastics or fluorochemicals in the environment. Here, we report an approach for the development of oil-resistant papers using an environmentally friendly, fluorine-free, water-dispersible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating on kraft paper. Carboxylic-functionalized PDMS (PDMS-COOH) was synthesized and subsequently neutralized with ammonium bicarbonate to obtain a waterborne emulsion, which was then coated onto kraft paper. The water resistance of the coated paper was determined via Cobb60 measurements. The Cobb60 value was reduced to 2.70 ± 0.14 g/m2 as compared to 87.6 ± 5.1 g/m2 for uncoated paper, suggesting a remarkable improvement in water resistance. Similarly, oil resistance was found to be 12/12 on the kit test scale versus 0/12 for uncoated paper. In addition, the coated paper retained 70–90% of its inherent mechanical properties, and more importantly, the coated paper was recycled via pulp recovery using a standard protocol with a 91.1% yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the elimination of residual dyes from industrial wastewater using talc as an adsorbent. Talc is an easily available, ecological, and inexpensive adsorbent. The adsorption process was tested on two model dye samples (Ecozol Blue LR Liquid and Cartasol Yellow 3GF Direct Yellow 132), and two samples of real wastewater from the pulp and paper industry (PM and TP). Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of Ecozol Blue LR Liquid followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, while the other tested samples followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models were also evaluated. The Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the experimental data for the adsorption of model dye solutions and wastewater sample TP onto talc. For wastewater sample PM, the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model provided the best fit to the experimental data. The results of the adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption of all tested systems was favorable and primarily involved physical adsorption. The adsorption efficiency for the model solutions exceeded 90 %. For real wastewater samples, the monitored adsorption efficiency in the COD pollution indicator was less efficient, ranging from 43 to 51 %. The lower efficiency of COD may have resulted from the adsorption of residual dyes with lower specific COD values before the adsorption of other organics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper sector has become one of the most significant industrial sectors in the world due to its economic benefits. After primary metals and chemicals sectors, the pulp and paper industry produces the third-largest quantity of wastewater. With regard to environmental feedbacks, ongoing legal requirements, and energy efficiency measures, pulp and paper mills have recently encountered difficulties managing the ensuing pollutants. This study identify pulp and paper mill wastewaters properties, quantities and discuss the recent developments of affordable methods dealing with pulp and paper mill wastewaters. According to the results of the current study, employing integrated methods which is a mixture of treatment techniques may be more advantageous from an economic and environmental standpoint in order to reduce environmental contaminants and energy recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignocellulose material is the main natural resource for the pulp and paper industry, and for its application the material should have a degree of whiteness as high as possible. For this reason, different bleaching treatments were applied during time. In this paper, the photobleaching induced by solar light of a lignocellulosic biomass using NaClO was studied. The colorimetric measurements, UV spectra absorption, and FTIR spectra changes are evaluated and discussed in this paper. The changes of L*a*b parameters can be considered a proof of the reactions generated by hypochlorite radicals during solar light exposure, leading to a biomass whitening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main part of companies in Bulgaria are built, however in the 70s, and upgraded last decade. The country supplies around 80 % of its supplies of paper, paperboard and pulp with own production. Integrated treatment of wastes is a priority for realizing closed life cycle of materials. The aim of the present work is to investigate the composition and other important characteristics of biomass wood ash wasted from paper industry. The correlations and associations among the chemical characteristics are also studied to find some basic trends and important relationships between two similar wastes from different enterprises. It was proved that all samples taken contained Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Al, Fe, Cu and Zn far below the legal limits for such type of products. A product has a certain anti-acidic effect. The other positive result was that the content of iron is between 34 to 60 mg per 1 kg dry waste. The microscopic photos confirmed that the particles are close to the nano-size materials. The content of the elements C, N, H is in good quantities and ratios, which is a prerequisite for their use as a soil improver. By the results of this study, it was confirmed that all samples produced as a result of the thermal treatment and final low water content achieved are free from pathogen microorganisms and different weed seeds, affecting the yield and soil sustainability. That allows determining the optimal ratio between the used components with a view to obtain products with desired thermal stability and physico-chemical properties as soil improvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the decomposition of toxic organics from pulp and paper mill effluent by the sequential application of ozonation and biodegradation was studied. Ozonation, as a pre-treatment, was executed to transform the initial pollutants into less toxic compounds (such as organic acids of low molecular weights). Biodegradation was executed during three days with acclimated microorganisms that were able to complete the decomposition of the initial organic mixture (raw wastewater) and to achieve a higher degree of mineralization (85–90%). Experiments were performed under three different conditions: (a) only ozonation of the initial contaminants, (b) only biodegradation of residual water without previous treatment by ozone and (c) ozonation followed by biodegradation performed by acclimated microorganisms. In the case of 72 h of biodegradation, the mineralization efficiency reached 85% and 89% after 30 and 60 min of ozonation, respectively. The no significant difference in this parameter coincided with the calculated generalized microorganisms' consortia specific growing rate μ m a x that was reduced from 2.08 × 10−3 h−1 to 6.05 × 10−4 h−1 when the ozonation time was longer. The identification of the organics composition by gas chromatography with mass detector (GC-MS) before and after treatments confirmed that the proposed combined process served as a more efficient alternative to secondary and tertiary treatments (mineralization degree between 60 and 80% in average) of the paper industry wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pulp and paper industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its energy consumption and carbon footprint. This study examines the feasibility of integrating high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) into tissue paper production to enhance energy efficiency and decarbonization. Focusing on the energy-intensive drying process, the study uses data from a typical tissue paper mill to simulate and optimize an HTHP system producing four tons per hour of nine-bar saturated steam. It also addresses necessary modifications for HTHP integration applicable across the sector. Various refrigerants were analyzed, achieving a maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.01. Results showed that HTHP can reduce energy consumption and emissions by up to 17% and 40%, respectively, based on the European electricity mix. Although steam production costs increase by 55% compared to fossil fuel-based systems, HTHP is more cost-effective than direct electric resistance heating, which raises costs by 196%. With a CO2 price of EUR 100/t, HTHP offers a 12% cost reduction. However, without public funding, capital expenditures may be unsustainable in many regions, though viable in countries with favorable gas and electricity price differentials. The paper underscores the need for advancements in HTHP technology and cost reductions, emphasizing industry adaptation for seamless HTHP integration.

In this research, the ozonation process has been used as a supplementary stage of purification to reduce the amount of chemical oxygen demand and remove bacteria, especially E. Coli, from the effluent of the paper industry. Box-Behnken Design statistical method is used to optimize the treatment conditions. In this method, the effect of three variables governing the ozonation process, including the initial pH of the effluent, the amount of input ozone (mg/min) O3 and the duration of ozonation (min) t, was investigated. The results showed that the amount of input ozone and pH had the greatest impact on reducing COD (up to about 80%). Also, the maximum efficiency of the ozonation process for the complete removal of E. Coli was seen in acidic conditions with high amounts of ozone and increasing the duration of ozonation. According to the results, it was found that ozone in molecular form and by direct attack in acidic environments played a role in the destruction of pollutants. Design Expert software was used to determine the optimal conditions, minimize residual COD and maximize the efficiency of the ozonation process. The values of pH=5.2, ozone amount (131mg/min) and duration (23 min) are predicted to reach the lowest residual COD value (48 mg/L) and the highest efficiency (100% removal of E. Coli). According to the investigations carried out in this research, it can be concluded that the use of ozonation process to reduce COD and effectively remove E. Coli from the waste water of paper industry is a promising complementary method.