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To study the causality relationship between diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hypertensive renal disease with renal failure (HRDRF) and the mediating role of heart failure (HF) in the causality relationship by network Mendelian randomization (MR).

To enhance the performance of neural machine translation (NMT) and ameliorate the detrimental impact of high uncertainty in monolingual data during the self-training process, a self-training NMT model based on priority sampling was proposed. Initially, syntactic dependency trees were constructed and the importance of monolingual tokenization was assessed using grammar dependency analysis. Subsequently, a monolingual lexicon was built, and priority was defined based on the importance of monolingual tokenization and uncertainty. Finally, monolingual priorities were computed, and sampling was carried out based on these priorities, consequently generating a synthetic parallel dataset for training the student NMT model. Experimental results on a large-scale subset of the WMT English to German dataset demonstrate that the proposed model effectively enhances NMT translation performance and mitigates the impact of high uncertainty on the model.

Studies have suggested that the progress of most kidney diseases from occurrence to course and subsequent related complications are closely related to inflammatory reaction. Increased common leukocytes count in the family (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, etc.) are also involved in the tissue damage of kidney diseases. However, these studies are only traditional observational studies, which cannot prove whether there is a causal relationship between these four kinds of leukocytes count and kidney diseases. We aim to explore the causal relationship between these four kinds of leukocytes count and kidney diseases by Mendelian randomization (MR). Large sample size of the genome-wide association database of four cell traits (neutrophil, basophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil cell counts) in the leukocyte family were used as exposure variables. The outcome variables were various renal diseases (including chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, hypertensive heart or/and kidney disease, hypertensive renal disease, disorders resulting from impaired renal tubular function, and type 1 diabetes with renal complications). The covariates used in multivariable MR are also four cell traits related to blood cells (neutrophil, basophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil cell counts). Instrumental variables and single nucleotide polymorphic loci were identified (P < 5 × 10−8. Linkage disequilibrium R2 < 0.001). The causal relationships were studied by inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. In our study, IVW analysis results showed that increased neutrophil cell count was a risk factor for chronic renal failure (OR = 2.0245861, 95% CI = 1.1231207–3.649606, P = 0.01896524), increased basophil cell count was a risk factor for chronic renal failure (OR = 3.975935, 95% CI = 1.4871198–10.62998, P = 0.005942755). Basophil cell count was not a risk factor for acute renal failure (OR = 1.160434, 95% CI = 0.9455132–1.424207, P = 0.15448828). Increased basophil cell count was a protective factor for hypertensive heart and/or renal disease (OR = 0.7716065, 95% CI = 0.6484979–0.9180856, P = 0.003458707). Increased basophil cell count was a risk factor for disorders resulting from impaired renal tubular function (OR = 1.648131, 95% CI = 1.010116–2.689133, P = 0.04546835). Increased lymphocyte cell count was a risk factor for hypertensive renal disease (OR = 1.372961, 95% CI = 1.0189772–1.849915, P = 0.03719874). Increased eosinophil cell count was a risk factor for type 1 diabetes with renal complications (OR = 1.516454, 95% CI = 1.1826453–1.944482, P = 0.001028964). Macrophage inflammatory protein 1b levels was a protective factor for renal failure (OR = 0.9381862, 95% CI = 0.8860402–0.9934013, P = 0.02874872). After multivariable MR was used to correct covariates (neutrophil, basophil, and lymphocyte cell counts), the correlation effect between increased eosinophil cell counts and type 1 diabetes with renal complications was still statistically significant (P = 0.02201152). After adjusting covariates (neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil cell counts) with multivariable MR, the correlation effect between increased lymphocyte cell counts and hypertensive renal disease was still statistically significant (P = 0.02050226). This study shows that increased basophils can increase the relative risk of chronic renal failure and renal tubular dysfunction, and reduce the risk of hypertensive heart disease and/or hypertensive nephropathy, while increased basophil cell count will not increase the relative risk of acute renal failure, increased neutrophil cell count can increase the risk of chronic renal failure, increased lymphocyte cell count can increase the relative risk of hypertensive nephropathy, and increased eosinophil cell count can increase the relative risk of type 1 diabetes with renal complications. Macrophage inflammatory protein 1b levels was a protective factor for renal failure.

To acquire the characteristic parameters which demonstrate the state of high voltage thyristor for clarifying its failure mechanism, an experiment platform which can not only generate high voltage pulses to thyristor at different moments during reverse recovery period, but also accurately measure its key characteristics is established. The change of characteristic parameters during the pulse impact process is studied, and the disassembly of the degraded and failed thyristors is analyzed. The results show that the damage of the thyristor can be mainly manifested as the reduction or loss of its blocking ability undertake voltage pulses in the middle of the reverse recovery period. Leakage current can be used as a characteristic parameter to estimate the state of the thyristor. For thyristors undertake voltage pulses in the beginning and middle of the reverse recovery period, obvious breakdown spot can be seen on the silicon wafer surface. Obvious breakdown points can be seen on the device chips that have been impacted and failed in the early and middle reverse recovery period. Circular spots formed by thermal stress can be seen on the device chips that are impacted in the middle of the reverse recovery period and have degraded blocking ability. Reverse recovery avalanche breakdown flash marks can be seen at the junction between the edge of the device chip and the insulating rubber that have been impacted and failed at the end of the period.

In order to be able to “see” the information inside the structure about premixed gas of air and gas deflagration flow field in a underground coal mine, to recognize the coupling relationship between shock wave and flame, obstacles accelerating the incentive effects of the flame, the nature of the inert medium flame retardants to suppress deflagration, the super high-speed laser schlieren system was further built on the existing mesoscale explosion shock wave pipeline, and the experimental test scheme of “M”, “Z” and linear optical path arrangement was proposed to replace the traditional pressure flame sensor test method, it provides a new idea to obtain the evolution process of shock wave and the microstructure flow field of flame when gas/air premixed gas is deflagrated.

Building damage assessment is important in disaster emergency monitoring. In recent years, with the increase of multi-polarization capability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) provides more possibilities for building damage assessment, and the polarization-characteristicbased building damage assessment method has gradually become the focus of research. However, because of the limitations of data acquisition in PolSAR, current research mainly focuses on the L, C, X, and other limited bands. To obtain an in depth understanding of the polarization characteristics of damaged buildings in SAR images and develop the application of the polarization characteristics of damaged buildings to other bands, this study conducted a simulation experiment of Ku band polarized SAR of buildings, and performed damage assessment feature analysis using the SAR image polarization decomposition method. In this study, a scale model of real materials was built and the “microwave characteristic measurement and simulation imaging scientific experiment platform” was used to conduct SAR simulation imaging of the target buildings. The Ku band polarized SAR images before and after building damage were obtained. Then, the polarization scattering characteristics of buildings before and after damage were analyzed using various common polarization decomposition methods such as H/A/αdecomposition, Yamaguchi decomposition and Touzi decomposition. Results show that the disoriented volume scattering component and the proportion of the disoriented secondary scattering component obtained by the Yamaguchi decomposition and the αs1 component obtained by the Touzi decomposition have good indicative significance for building damage assessment in the Ku band. Compared with the X band measurement results, the Ku band is more sensitive to building damage assessment, which has important implications for future radar remote sensing applications.

The converter valve is the core equipment in the HVDC power transmission system, a+-nd its performance has a direct effect on the reliability, stability and efficiency of the whole power system. As the basic unit of HVDC converter valve, the thyristor level needs to be test routinely in order to grasp the state of the converter valve equipment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a novel synthetic test system for the thyristor level with thyristor control unit (TCU). However, currently there is no specific test scheme for the thyristor level of HVDC converter valve. In this paper, the synthetic test principle, content and methods for the thyristor level with TCU are presented based on the analysis of the thyristor reverse recovery characteristic and the IEC technology standard. And a transient high-voltage pulse is applied to the thyristor level during its reverse recovery period in order to test the characteristics of thyristor level. Then, the synthetic test system for the thyristor level is applied to the converter valve test of ±800 kV HVDC power transmission project, and the practical test result verifies the reasonability and validity of the proposed synthetic test system.

The aggregation and evolution of dislocations form different configurations, which are the preferred locations for fatigue crack initiation. To analyze the spatial distribution of the same dislocation configuration and the resulting configuration morphologies on different observation planes, several typical hysteresis loops and dislocation configurations in fatigued face-centered cubic single crystals with various orientations were compared. The crystal orientations of these specimens were determined by the electron back-scattering diffraction technique in a Cambridge S360 Scanning Electron Microscope. It is well known that dislocation ladder and wall structures, as well as patch and vein structures, are distributed on their respective observation planes, (1 2 ¯ 1) and (111) . These correspond to the point defect direction and line defect direction of dislocations, respectively. Therefore, the wall structures on the (1 2 ¯ 1) and (111) planes consist of point defects and line defects, which can be defined as point walls and line walls, respectively. Furthermore, the walls on the (1 2 ¯ 1) plane consist of Persistent Slip Band ladders connected with each other, corresponding to the formation of deformation bands. The evolution of dislocation patterns follows a process from patch to ladder and from vein to wall. The formation of labyrinths and dislocation cells originates from the activation of different secondary slip systems. In one word, it can help us better understand the physical nature of metal fatigue and failure by studying the distribution and evolution of different configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the mechanical behavior of short concrete columns reinforced with hybrid steel and glass FRP bars, 10 specimens were designed for eccentric compression tests. The effect of eccentricity and load–displacement/strain of the specimens was studied. Test results indicate that the damage process and failure mode of these hybrid RC columns was similar to those in the conventional steel-reinforced concrete columns. The mode of failure for all specimens is characterized as large eccentricity compression failure, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the columns decreases with the increase in eccentricity. However, the impact of the varying axial stiffness ratio between GFRP and steel bars on the bearing capacity can be considered negligible. In addition, based on theoretical analysis, two boundary states for distinguishing failure mode and the formulae for calculating ultimate bearing capacity in different failure modes of eccentrically loaded hybrid RC columns are proposed. The computed results agree well with test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]