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Excited states in 63,65,67Mn were studied via in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy following knockout reactions from 68Fe. Similar level schemes, consisting of the 11/2−, 9/2−, 7/2− and 5/2g.s.− level sequence, connected by I→I−1 transitions, were established, the first time for 65,67Mn. Their level structures show features consistent with strongly-coupled rotational bands with K=5/2. State-of-the-art shell-model calculations with the modified LNPS effective interaction reproduce the observed levels remarkably well and suggest the dominance of 4-particle-4-hole neutron configurations for all the states. The data on the low-lying excited states of odd-mass 53−67Mn provide a textbook example of nuclear structure evolution from weak coupling through decoupling to strong coupling along a single isotopic chain on the n-rich side of the β stability line. These results help to deepen our understanding of the N=40 “island of inversion”. Keywords: In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy, “Island of inversion” around N=40, Strong coupling, Structure evolution

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of programfed, corn-silage-based diets containing reduced-fat, modified wet corn distillers grains (RFDGS); high-fat, modified wet corn distillers grains (HFDGS); or highfat, condensed corn distillers solubles (HFCDS) containing 8.01, 10.53, and 10.99% ether extract (crude fat), respectively, on beef cow and calf performance. Angus × Simmental crossbred cows (n = 128) were program fed 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 206 d beginning in the third trimester through calf weaning. Cows were blocked by parity (first parity and 2 or more parities) and stratified within parity by BW subject to variation in BCS to 16 pens. Each block was equally represented within treatment. Control cows were fed diets based on corn silage, shelled corn, and soybean meal to provide 12.0% CP (T1). In treatment diets, corn silage and either RFDGS (T2) or HFDGS (T3) replaced shelled corn and soybean meal to provide 12.0% CP. High-fat, condensed distillers solubles (T4) replaced shelled corn and a portion of soybean meal to provide 12.0% CP. Cow DMI per day was lower (P = 0.01) for T3 comparing 10.13 ± 1.12, 9.88 ± 1.02, 8.07 ± 0.88, and 10.08 ± 1.20 kg for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Crude fat composition of the diets was different (P = 0.001), where T1 T2 and T3, T1 = T4, and T1 = T2 = T3. Milk urea nitrogen differed between treatments (P = 0.02), where T1 > T2 and T3, T4 = T1, and T4 = T2 = T3. No differences (P > 0.05) between treatments were observed for calf BW and cow BW and BCS at the end of the feeding period. Calf birth weight tended (P = 0.10) to be lower for T3 compared with T1, T2, and T4. In corn silage– based diets when beef cows are program fed to maintain similar BCS, HFDGS, RFDGS, and HFCDS can replace shelled corn and soybean meal, with similar performance.

Two experiments were conducted to examine feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers fed reduced-fat, modified wet distillers grains with solubles (RMDGS). Angus cross steers were stratified by BW in each experiment and assigned to 20 pens containing either 6 or 7 steers per pen. In Exp. 1, pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets containing 15% corn silage and 1) 25.0% RMDGS and 57.04% whole shelled corn (25 RMDGS); 2) 40.0% RMDGS and 42.69% whole shelled corn (40 RMDGS); 3) 70.0% RMDGS and 12.49% whole shelled corn, fed 84 d, then switched to 40 RMDGS (70/40 RMDGS); 4) 70.0% RMDGS and 12.49% whole shelled corn (70 RMDGS). In Exp. 2, the same diets were fed except 70/40 RMDGS was replaced with a diet containing 73.16% whole shelled corn and 9.60% soybean meal (0 RMDGS). In Exp. 1, no significant differences in DMI, ADG, G:F, or carcass characteristics were found. In Exp. 2, DMI increased (P = 0.003) with increasing RMDGS. In Exp. 2, LM samples from 2 steers in each pen at each slaughter date were analyzed. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in percentage of moisture, fat, or cooking loss in shear force of rib steaks among treatments. Steers fed the 70 RMDGS diet produced rib steaks with lower a* (P < 0.05) following 7 d of chilled storage. Fatty acid analysis showed an increase (P < 0.05) in SFA at the expense of MUFA because of RMDGS supplementation. Increases were observed in PUFA, PUFA/SFA, conjugated linoleic acid, and omega-6 fats, with increasing RMDGS. Steers fed 70 RMDGS had inconsistent feedlot performance with a trend for lighter HCW, lower QG, and reduced meat quality.

The objective of this study was to evaluate 3 inclusion rates for modified wet distillers grains with solubles containing 5.6 to 8.0% fat (WDGS) when limit-fed to beef cows during late gestation and early lactation. Angus × Simmental crossbred cows (n = 128) in the third trimester were blocked by parity (first parity and 2 or more parities) and stratified within parity by BW, subject to variation in BCS, to 16 pens. Four diets were fed until completion of a timed AI. Control cows were fed corn silage-, shelled corn-, and soybean meal-based diets to provide 12% CP [treatment (T) 1]. In the treatment diets, WDGS replaced shelled corn, soybean meal, and a portion of the corn silage to provide 12% (T2), 16% (T3), or 20% CP (T4). Analyzed CP values were 12.0, 12.5, 15.7, and 19.0%, for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Mean DMI per day was 7.80 ± 1.01, 7.96 ± 1.01, 8.55 ± 1.28, and 8.63 ± 1.11 kg for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. No differences (P > 0.05) between treatments were observed for calving ease score, calf birth weight, calf BW, and cow BCS at the end of the feeding period. There was a linear (P = 0.03) increase in cow BW change in cattle fed increasing levels of WDGS and a quadratic response (P = 0.03) in milk production, with production increasing in T3 compared with T4 and T2 cattle. Cows fed increased levels of WDGS performed equally or superior to cows fed shelled corn- and soybean meal-based diets.

The Daresbury On-Line Isotope Separator-Cryogenic On-Line Device (DOLIS-COLD), consisting of a 3He-4He dilution refrigerator coupled to an on-line isotope separator, has proved to be a powerful system for the study of nuclei far from stability. The design and performance of DOLIS-COLD is discussed. To illustrate the capabilities of the system, examples of magnetic moment measurements by static low-temperature nuclear orientation and by NMR on oriented nuclei (NMR/ON) are presented.

Two trials were conducted to examine the effects of 40 and 70% inclusion rate of either dry or wet low-fat (6 to 8%) distillers grains on growth performance and meat quality. Trial 1 used dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and 96 Angus steers. Trial 2 used wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and 216 Angus steers. Steers were stratified by BW to pens, and pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatments formulated on a DM basis: 1) whole shelled corn, soybean meal, 15% corn silage, fed as a control (CON); 2) 40% DDGS or WDGS, whole shelled corn, 15% corn silage (C40); 3) C40 switched mid-trial to 70% DDGS or WDGS, whole shelled corn, 15% corn silage (40/70); 4) 70% DDGS or WDGS, whole shelled corn, 15% corn silage switched mid-trial to C40 (70/40); 5) CON + soybean meal, isonitrogenous to C40 (N40); 6) CON + corn oil, iso-fat to C40 (E40). In trial 1 DMI was greater (P = 0.02) for N40 and DDGS steers compared with CON for the first 84 d; DMI was lower (P = 0.01) for CON and 40/70 on 168 d. No significant DMI differences (P ≥ 0.32) were observed on d 213. In trial 2 no significant differences in DMI, BW, ADG, or G:F were observed across treatment diets at 142 d except N40-fed steers had reduced (P = 0.01) DMI compared with other treatments. Average daily gain, BW, and G:F at 56 d and 112 d were greatest (P = 0.001) for CON, N40, and E40 steers compared with steers receiving WDGS. Carcass characteristics were not negatively affected (P ≥ 0.06) by level of DDGS in either trial. Neither level of DDGS or WDGS nor CP or fat concentrations had a significant effect on meat quality, fatty acid composition, or lipogenic activity. According to this study, it is possible to increase the inclusion of low-fat DDGS and WDGS in feedlot rations as a percentage of dietary DM above 40%.

Abstact Three trials utilizing 222 crossbred beef cows were conducted over 3 yr to evaluate the efficacy of replacing a portion of the diet with a dehydrated, pelleted mixture containing wheat middlings and ground food waste from retail grocery stores (DF). In trial (T1), trial 2 (T2), and trial 3 (T3), 78, 73, and 71 beef cows, respectively, in their second and third trimesters were blocked by parity (first parity vs two or more parities) then allotted to treatment (TRT) pens according to body condition score (BSC), subject to variation in BW. The durations of T1, T2, and T3 were 143, 184, and 155 d, respectively. Trials were terminated each year following a timed insemination to a synchronized estrus. Control cows were fed a corn silage, shelled corn, soybean meal-based diet according to NRC estimates. Treatment cows received diets similar to the control diet except the DF replaced all of the soybean meal and corn. According to chemical analysis, the DF contained 94.5 ± 0.1% DM, 12.0 ± 0.1% ADF, 6.8 ± 0.1% cellulose, 5.2 ± 0.1% ADL, 0.14 ± 0.0% AIA, 20.0 ± 0.5% CP, and 7.6 ± 0.0% ether extract (EE). During T1, T2, and T3, EE and P values were higher (P 0.05) between TRT and control cows. No significant differences were determined for milk production, milk fat, or milk protein between TRT and control cows. The calculated feed replacement value for DF for this study was 10.96¢/kg. The results of this study suggest that DF can serve as an alternative feedstuff in the diets of beef cows.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the acceptability, growth performance, and diet digestibility of feed mixtures containing food wastes that were further heat processed for growing-finishing lambs. The first experiment consisted of two feeding trials in which 36 lambs in each trial were fed 1) total mixed rations (TMR) containing extruded feed mixtures that were amended with pulped plate waste (PW) collected from university dining centers or 2) control TMR containing corn, soybean meal, and ground hay in Trial 1 (T1) or soybean hulls in Trial 2 (T2). On a DM basis, the treatment TMR in T1 contained 23.9% PW, and the treatment TMR in T2 contained 24.1% PW. The PW used in this study contained 37.5 ± 9.4% DM, 33.0 ± 8.2% CP, 14.7 ± 5.5% ether extract (EE), and 12.6 ± 5.2% ADF. During T1, lambs fed the control TMR (compared with lambs fed PW) had greater (P

Three trials utilizing 215 crossbred beef cows were conducted over 3 yr to evaluate the efficacy of replacing a portion of the diet with fresh pulped food waste (FPF) collected from university cafeterias. In trial 1 (T1), trial 2 (T2), and trial 3 (T3) 68, 73, and 74 beef cows in the third, second, and second trimester, respectively, were blocked by parity (first parity vs two or more parities), then stratified to six treatment pens according to body condition, subject to variation in body weight. The duration of T1, T2, and T3 were 99, 190, and 225 d, respectively. Trials were terminated each year following a timed insemination to a synchronized estrus. Control cows were fed a corn silage-shelled corn and soybean meal diet during T1 and T2, and a soybeanlage-shelled corn diet during T3, according to NRC estimates. Treatment cows received similar diets where FPF replaced 50% of the forage (wet weight basis) and all soybean meal. Treatment and control diets were not designed as isonitrogenous nor isocaloric. Chemical analysis found FPF to contain 46.1 ± 9.6% DM, 20.3 ± 6.8% ADF, 19.5 ± 6.8% Cellulose, 0.6 ± 1.1% ADL, 0.27 ± 0.23% AIA, 29.4 ± 7.2% CP, and 15.8 ± 3.3% EE. During T1, T2, and T3, EE was higher ( P P P >0.05) between control and treatment cows for T1, T2, or T3. Similar ( P >0.05) calf survival rates at birth and weaning rates were observed for control and treatment cows during T1, T2, and T3. Milk production (kilograms per day), and milk fat and protein percentage did not differ ( P >0.05) between control and treatment cows for T1, T2, and T3. Ending weights and ADG were higher ( P

Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of the changed USDA quality grade guidelines and finishing environment on the performance and carcass merit of Angus-sired and Wagyu-sired single-calving heifers. In trial 1, nine Angus and 15 Wagyu single-calving heifers were finished to a compositional subcutaneous fat cover of 1.0 cm on a corn/corn silage-based diet. Feedlot performance was not affected by sire breed. Wagyu (59.4 ± 0.49%) heifers had a higher ( P P P P P >0.10) lower as a result. Carcass merit was not significantly affected by finishing environment. The single-calving heifer system was a viable option for beef production despite the changes in USDA quality grade guidelines.

The isotope separator DOLIS, which is on-line to the Daresbury Laboratory's 20-MV tandem accelerator, is used to measure nuclear moments and decay schemes. Separated beams may be collected on a tape and transported to a counting station, implanted directly into a host lattice at on-line temperatures down to less than 10 mK, or allowed to interact with a collinear laser beam. The present status of DOLIS and its ancillary equipment is described.

A sideband in 170 Yb has been identified up to I π =17 − . It has an isomeric I =4 bandhead, yet the odd-spin states have prompt branches to the ground-state band. The contrasting properties are explained by the Coriolis effects on the quasi-particle configuration.

The magnetic moment of116Sbg(t1/2=16 m, Iπ=3+) has been measured to be |μ|=2.716(7)μN using the technique of NMR/ON on nuclei oriented at low temperatures in an iron host, on-line at the DOLIS-COLD facility, Daresbury. The measured moment can be well interpreted using empirical magnetic moments of neighbouring odd-A antimony and tin nuclei. The change in Iπ=3+ moments between116-120Sb is well accounted for by the variation in the odd neutron contribution, the odd proton acting as a spectator. © 1987 J.C. Baltzer A.G., Scientific Publishing Company.

Decay sequences based on the 1 2 + [660] proton orbital have been identified in 171 Ta and 177 Re based on spin, parity, and large alignment. This decay sequence is observed higher in energy than predicted in cranking calculations based on modified oscillator potentials. Similarly known 1 2 − [541] decay sequences in these and other neighbouring isotopes are observed lower in energy than predicted. A reduction in the strength of the spin-orbit potential for protons is suggested as a solution to these problems.

The crossing of an octupole band by a rotation-aligned two-quasiparticle band has been observed in detail in 162Dy. Both the yrast and yrare states are identified from the band heads (I =2 and I = 5) to high spin (I ∼ 14), with band crossing in both the even-spin and odd-spin sequences.

At I π =22 + , the yrast band of 174 Hf is observed to have a second rotational anomaly, which may be linked with the high-spin extension of the K π =0 + “β-band”. A possible explanation of the anomaly is that the nucleus is more deformed in the excited band than in the yrast band.

The hyperfine field of Cs Fe has been measured to be (+)40.8(0.7)T, using the technique of on-line low temperature nuclear orientation. The time dependent relaxation of121CsmFe has also been investigated using a new technique, giving a Korringa constant Ck of 0.059 (15) sK. From this, an effective relaxation time of 3.0 (0.8)s can be deduced for the short lived118Csm(T1/2=17s). This value has then been used to extract the magnetic moment of118Csm to be |μ|=5.4 (1.1) nm. © 1987 J.C. Baltzer A.G., Scientific Publishing Company.

Members of the octupole band up to spin 14− have been identified with the 170 Er (α,2 n ) 172 Yb reaction. The band is strongly perturbed by Coriolis effects and has a high moment of inertia with variations characteristic of particle alignment. Vabrational alignment is insufficient to explain the data.

The magnetic dipole mooments of 117 I, 118 I g , 118 I m , 119 I, 120 I g , 120 I m , 121 I and 122 I have been measured by the technique of on-line low-temperature nuclear orientation. The ground-state moments show the influence of N = 64 subshell closure, with near-spherical configurations, while the moments of the metastable states suggest large prolate deformations.

Collective octupole bands with K π = 0 − , 1 − have been observed to high spin in 152 Sm. The difference in their level spacings is interpreted to be a consequence of the contributing quasiparticle configuration.

Negative-parity yrast bands in N = 90 and N = 92 nuclei are shown to be octupole bands with a constant degree of alignment. This implies a dominance of two-quasiproton configurations in the octupole structure of these nuclei.

The magnetic dipole moments of 118 I g (t 1 2 =12 min ) and 118 I m (t 1 2 = 8 min ) have been measured to be |μ| = 2.4±0.4 nm and 4.7±0.7 nm, respectively, using the technique of non-linear orientation. In order to understand the high moment of the Iπ=(7−) metastable state, it is necessary to invoke the excitation of a g 9 2 proton hole across the Z = 50 shell gap, together with a considerable quadrupole deformation. In the daughter nucleus, 118Te, a low-lying Kπ = 0+ state is established, and the possible influence of shape coexistence is discussed.

The two signatures of a band built on a π h 11 2 shell model state have been established to high spin (I π = 65 2 − ) in 165 Lu. An observed second band crossing at ℏ ω ∼ 0.40 MeV is interpreted as the alignment of a second pair of i 13 2 neutrons. M1 transitions are observed through both crossing and the data utilized in connection with the observed signature splitting of energies and alignments to interpret the measured values of B( M1 , I → I − 1) Q 2 0 . Alignment effects and shape changes are discussed.

The resonant destruction of gamma-ray anisotropy from 116 Sb g (t 1 2 =16 m , I π =3 + ) has been observed at 161.65 ( MHz, using the technique of NMR/ON. The deduced magnetic moment is |μ|=2.175(9) μ N. The change in the Iπ=3+ magnetic moments between 116Sb and 120Sb can be accounted for by variation inthe odd-neutron contribution, the odd proton in these antimony states behaving as a spectator.

On-Line measurements of magnetic dipole moments of117-122I are interpreted using coupling of the odd particles to a deformed core. The results show interesting effects of g7/2, d5/2 orbital admixtures in the odd-A isotopes, which are close to spherical. The odd-odd isotopes118, 120I show clear examples of shape co-existence. © 1987 J.C. Baltzer A.G., Scientific Publishing Company.

Gamma rays associated with the decay of giant dipole resonance (GDR) modes and emitted in competition with the first evaporated particle from the compound system 166 Er ∗ have been isolated by a difference technique. It is found that the measured gamma ray yield from the very highest excitation energy populated in the reaction, accounts for ≈ 25% of the total gamma ray cross section for transition energies in the range 10–20 MeV, and this agrees well with the prediction of the statistical model for compound nuclear decay.

Performance figures are given for the elements of this combined accelerator, separator, dilution refrigerator facility which will give its first fully on-line results in the near future.

Calculations using the IBA-2 model code are presented for even-even tellurium isotopes118Te to124Te. Three parameter sets are used, two from previous work and a third chosen to give optimum fit to experimental positive parity energy levels and B(E2) ratios. With only two additional parameters, each with simple physical interpretation, the three parameter sets are shown to give excellent fits to the known collective negative parity states in these isotopes. Failure to fit the O 2 + ,O 3 + and 2 3 + levels suggests these may be 4p-2h intruder states, although their Behaviour with varying neutron number is not as clearly characteristic of such configurations as is found for the 2p-4h states in Cd isotopes.