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The effect of olfactory bulb lesions on the induction time of sevoflurane has never been studied. We aimed to investigate this issue. In this study, we found that the volume of olfactory bulbs and the pore of the fila olfactoria were significantly lower with the fibrosis of olfactory bulbs in animals subjected to olfactory bulbectomy. Volatile anesthetics induction times were measured in all groups. Prolonged induction was observed in olfactory bulbectomy group. It was concluded that increased induction times of sevoflurane may be due to the olfactory bulb lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of artificial intelligence technology in medicine, which is remarkable with its increasing use in many areas recently, has allowed for rapid developments. This technology quantitatively solves many problems in medicine, such as increased workload, delayed diagnosis, and treatment processes. It has been seen in the literature that this technology, which has a wide range of applications in medicine, also has a place in medical pathology. The main purpose of this study is to provide a histomorphological classification of colon polyps in the medical pathology department with high accuracy in a short time. Besides accelerating the diagnosis and treatment process, it is desired to facilitate the workload of the pathology department. Methods: This study is based on the recognition of colon preparation images that come to the pathology department by using the image recognition techniques of artificial intelligence. VGG19, DenseNet201, and EfficientNetB7 models, which are convolutional neural networks (CNN) models, were used. A model based on a concatenation ensemble of 3 CNN architectures was also used in this study. Results: Within the scope of the study, a total of 515 preparation images, including normal epithelium, tubular adenoma and villous adenomas of the colon, were procured as data and introduced to artificial intelligence, and the diagnoses of these preparations were estimated histomorphologically by artificial intelligence. Conclusion: As a result of the study, an accuracy rate of 94.17% was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effects of misoprostol in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis (AR). The second purpose was to compare the effect profile of the combination of an antihistamine with misoprostol during treatment of AR. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five adult male rats were used and were randomly classified into five groups (n=5): healthy+saline, AR, AR and desloratadine (D)-treated group, AR and misoprostol (M)-treated group, and AR and combined-treated group. Results: Desloratadine administration had significantly lower nasal symptoms than the AR group, but nasal symptoms in the AR+M group were better than those in the AR+D group. The best improvement in serum IgE levels was seen in the misoprostol alone and combination treatment groups. Conclusion: We suggest that prostaglandins should be considered in the treatment of AR, and that the effects of these types of drugs should be tested clinically in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To understand possible mechanisms underlying lacrimal gland degeneration when facial nerve root ischemia induces pterygopalatine ganglion injury and subsequent dry eye in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage., Material and Methods: Rabbits were divided into four groups: control, sham, moderate subarachnoid hemorrhage, and severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. Autologous blood recovered from the auricular artery was injected into the cisterna magna to induce subarachnoid hemorrhage in the two subarachnoid hemorrhage groups; animals were then monitored for dry eye development over 21 days before removal of their facial nerve roots, pterygopalatine ganglia, and lacrimal glands for immunohistochemical analyses. Neuronal viability in the pterygopalatine ganglia was measured; lacrimal gland vesicles were counted by stereological methods., Results: The mean tear-filled vesicle number and lacrimal gland volumes significantly decreased with an increase in facial nerve root injury severity and damaged neuron numbers in the pterygopalatine ganglion. Increase in injury severity most significantly decreased the tear-filled vesicle numbers in the pterygopalatine ganglion., Conclusion: Subarachnoid hemorrhage degenerates facial nerve parasympathetic branches entering the pterygopalatine ganglion, and neuronal density in this ganglion may be correlated with tear secretion. Our data suggest that pterygopalatine ganglion degeneration following subarachnoid hemorrhage induces dry eye.

Context: The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family and has been associated with a more aggressive breast tumor biology and resistance to some types of treatments., Aims: The aim is to investigate the correlation among bcl-2 and c-erbB-2 and the micronucleus (MN) formation in patients with early breast cancer (BC)., Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between May 2010 and December 2011. We analyzed the MN frequencies in 15 patients with invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), 13 patients with intraductal proliferative lesion (IDPL) and 12 benign breast lesion (BBL). The sample consisted of 40 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of benign and malignant breast tissue. The specimens were evaluated for bcl-2 or c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was semi-quantitatively evaluated in at least 1000 cells examined under the microscope at 40Χ magnification and recorded as the percentage of c-erbB-2 and bcl-2 positive tumor cells over the total number of cells examined in the same area. The percentage scores were subsequently categorized using the 5% cut-off point for positive staining., Results: The MN was significantly increased in IBC and in IDPL patients compared to BBL patients (3.82 ± 0.17 and 2.37 ± 0.52, respectively, vs. 1.61 ± 0.40, P < 0.001). On other hand, the MN frequencies in IBC patients were higher than those in IDPL patients (3.82 ± 0.17 vs. 2.37 ± 0.52, P < 0.01). c-erbB-2, had the highest record in IBC (60%), and the score was not observed in both IDPL and BBL: bcl-2 immunostaining was also assessed, the lowest recorded score was in IBC (46.66%) and the highest in both BBL and IDPL (100%). Furthermore, there was a significantly difference in the mean MN frequency between c-erbB-2 positive IBC patients (4.06 ± 0.48) and c-erbB-2 negative IBC patients (3.44 ± 0.39) (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Our results suggest that increased chromosome / DNA instabilities may be associated with the pathogenesis of early BC.