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Duygu düzenleme psikolojik sağlık alanında sıklıkla çalışılan, tanılar üstü bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İlgili alanyazındaki görgül çalışmalar bu konuyla ilgili önemli bilgiler ortaya koymakla birlikte, son yıllarda duygu düzenlemenin çoğunlukla bazı sınırlılıkları olan belirli araçlarla çalışıldığı ancak aslında duygu düzenlemenin tekdüze bir kavram olmadığı; her ne kadar bugüne kadar ihmal edilse de ortaya çıktığı bağlamın düzenleme üzerinde belirleyici bir rolü olduğu vurgulanmaya başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, duygu düzenleme dendiğinde artık duygu ile ilişkili durum/olay, düzenlenen duygu, kişilerarası koşullar, duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin spontane şekilde ortaya çıkış biçimi, farklı düzenleme yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanılabilmesi, sergilenen stratejilerin etkinliği ve düzenlemeye özgü zaman aralığı gibi pek çok farklı bağlamsal faktörden söz edilmektedir. Bu makalede de ilk olarak ulusal ve uluslararası alanyazında sıkça söz edilen duygu düzenlemeyi tanımlamak, ardından güncel araştırma bulgularını derleyip bir dizi bağlamsal faktörü ele alarak geleneksel yaklaşımların bu noktalardaki sınırlılıklarını sorgulamak ve son olarak bu konulardaki güncel yaklaşımlardan hareketle bazı öneriler sunmak hedeflenmiştir.

Interest in internet-based interventions has increased considerably. Prolonged grief disorder is one of the subjects studied with this method. This study includes preliminary findings of the internet-based and therapist-supported prolonged grief intervention program developed in Turkish. The internet-based program consists of 10 written sessions, and after each session, written feedback is given to the participants by the practitioner. The program takes approximately 6-8 weeks. The preliminary effect of the program was handled in a proof-of-concept study style based on a case series design. Self-report measures were taken from the first eight participants who completed the program at four different times (pre-test, post-test, and 1 and 3-month follow-ups). In addition, the written contents of the first and last sessions were analysed by content analysis. As a result of the descriptive findings, remarkable decreases were observed in traumatic grief, global meaning violation, depression, and stress levels in a significant part of the participants between pre-post and follow-up measurements. Also, at least half of the participants had considerable increases in meaning reconstruction scores. In addition, the results of the content analysis indicated that following the intervention, the bereaved individuals expressed less negative and more positive content, as expected. These two data show that the intervention program is promising in reducing the negative symptoms of bereaved individuals and may yield good results with controlled designs for a broader range of participants.

Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluğun gelişimi ve sürdürülmesinde etkin faktörlerin doğru ve gerçek zamanlı olarak değerlendirilmesi, tedavisi ve önlenmesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluğun Bilişsel-Davranışçı Modeline ilişkin bileşenlerin ekolojik anlık değerlendirme yöntemi ile incelenmesi amacıyla Deneyim Örnekleme Formu geliştirilmiş ve modele ait bileşenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkili olup olmadığı anlık ve geriye dönük ölçümler ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya, uygun örnekleme yöntemi ile 55 yetişkin birey katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, ilk olarak Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu ve Obsesif İstem Dışı Düşünceler Envanterini doldurmuştur. Deneyim örnekleme yöntemine ilişkin yapılan bilgilendirmenin ardından katılımcıların, akıllı telefonlarına yüklenen bir cep telefonu uygulamasıyla bir gün boyunca belirli zaman aralıklarındaki seçkisiz zamanlarda 8 telefon bildirimi almaları sağlanmış ve her bildirimde telefon ekranında beliren Deneyim Örnekleme Formunu doldurmaları beklenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları öncelikle anlık olarak değerlendirilen olumlu ve olumsuz duygulanım, istemdışı düşünce yoğunluğu, bu düşüncelere yönelik duygusal tepkiler, kontrol zorluğu, kontrol stratejileri ve kompulsiyon değişkenlerinin birbirleriyle ve geriye dönük ölçüm alınan Obsesif İstem Dışı Düşünceler Envanterinin ilgili faktörleri ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra, Obsesif İstem Dışı Düşünceler Envanteri alt faktörlerinden oluşturulan belirtilerde uç gruplar, anlık ölçümlenen değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılmış ve gruplar arası anlamlı farklar elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, deneyim örnekleme yönteminin güncel model doğrultusunda Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluğu başlatan ve sürdüren bilişsel faktörleri sorgulama ve etkili değişkenleri daha gerçekçi ve anlık değerlendirme amacıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Ekolojik geçerliği yüksek olan bu yöntemin, Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluğun değerlendirilmesi ve tedavisine önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Yaşam boyu birlikte görülme oranları oldukça yüksek olan depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarının etiyolojisindeki ortaklıklar birlikte ele alındığında, en son araştırmalar bu ortak özelliklerden hareketle geliştirilen bir dizi duygularla ilişkili bozukluğa uygulanabilen tanılar üstü bir yaklaşımı gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada tanılar üstü müdahale programlarının depresyon ve anksiyete bozuklukları üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen görgül araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda ulaşılan 18 seçkisiz kontrollü ve 13 seçkisiz olmayan çalışma örneklem özellikleri, yöntemsel arka planları ve sonuçları bakımından incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında incelenen araştırmalar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde ilk olarak, tanılar üstü psikolojik müdahale programlarının çeşitli anksiyete bozuklukları ve depresyonun tedavisinde etkili olduğu sonucu çıkarılabilir. Anksiyete ve depresif belirtilerin bir arada olduğu durumlarda tanılar üstü yaklaşımın tanıya özgü protokollere kıyasla önemli avantajlar sağlayabileceği önerilmektedir. Gelecek çalışmalarda bu yaklaşımın farklı tanı gruplarında tanıya özgü tedavilere kıyasla etkisinin incelenmesinin önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ülkemizde de tanılar üstü müdahalelerin etkinliğini ve tanıya özgü protokollere kıyasla olası klinik ve ekonomik avantajlarını araştırmanın önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir., By considering the etiological similarities of depression and anxiety disorders with high lifetime coexistence rates, recent research has introduced a transdiagnostic approach applicable to a range of emotional disorders with these common features. This paper reviews empirical studies examining the effects of transdiagnostic intervention programs on depression and anxiety disorders. The literature search identified 18 randomized controlled and 12 non-randomized studies. These were examined in terms of their sample characteristics, methodological approaches, and findings. Overall, the reviewed transdiagnostic psychological intervention programs treat various anxiety disorders and depression effectively. In cases where anxiety and depressive symptoms are comorbid, the transdiagnostic approach has significant advantages over diagnosis-specific protocols. Future studies should investigate the effect of the transdiagnostic approach in different diagnostic groups compared to diagnosis-specific treatments. In Turkey specifically, it is important to investigate the effectiveness of transdiagnostic interventions and potential clinical and economic advantages compared to diagnostic specific protocols.

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

In recent years, the number of smart phone applications developed for physical and mental health has been rapidly increasing. The rapid growth in the use of smart phone applications provides an alternative and supportive option for the treatment of mental illnesses. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of mobile applications related to mental health by using randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Within the scope of the study, English articles published in several databases were searched using specific terms. Twelve eligible studies fulfilling the research criteria were evaluated in terms of contents, sampling, study method and findings of the applications. The findings of the current studies revealed that mobile applications are generally effective in reducing the symptoms of the mental illness and feasibility and usability of smart phone applications were reported by participants., Son yıllarda fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığa yönelik geliştirilen akıllı telefon uygulamalarının sayısı hızla artmaktadır. Kullanımı hızla yaygınlaşan uygulamalar ruhsal rahatsızlıkların tedavisine alternatif ve destekleyici bir seçenek sunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, ruh sağlığı ile ilgili mobil uygulamaların etkinliğini randomize kontrollü çalışmalar (RKÇ) ile değerlendiren alanyazındaki çalışmaları sistematik olarak gözden geçirerek incelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında çeşitli veritabanlarında yayınlanan İngilizce makaleler belirlenen anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak taranmıştır. Yapılan tarama sonucunda dahil etme kriterlerine uygun 12 araştırma bu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir; bu çalışmalar ise uygulamaların içeriği, örneklem, çalışma yöntemi ve bulgular açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular ışığında mobil uygulamaların genel olarak hedeflenen ruhsal bozukluk belirtilerini azaltmada etkili olduğu ve katılımcılar tarafından uygulamaların benimsendiği ve kullanımının kolay olduğunu rapor ettikleri görülmüştür.

"Thought Action Fusion" can be described as a cognitive bias that is particularly observed in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and it refers to appraisals of close association of thoughts in morality and likelihood dimensions and their real-life effects. Although empirical findings mostly highlighted the critical role of Thought Action Fusion in likelihood dimension in psychological problems, in recent years, it is remarkable that with its salient manifestations in individual and social levels, there are increasing number of scientific research on the Thought Action Fusion-Morality subtype in many aspects such as its relationship with superstition, religiosity, cultural values, emotions like guilt, contextual factors, psychological problems and intervention techniques. The current study reviewed literature for last 15 years since the last review article in order to integrate the current findings on about Thought Action Fusion- Morality, which has a different nature. By this way, in this review, it is aimed to have a better understanding of Moral Thought Action Fusion as a phenomenon, to provide an insight about developing psychological intervention programs specified for the concept by summarizing related findings, to present a coherence on scientific research trends for near future and draw attention to the subject. Generally speaking, the results of this review give an impression that Thought Action Fusion-Morality has been studied in terms of various factors such as religiosity, different religions, social and cultural factors, characteristics of object exposed to this fusion and psychological intervention techniques, and they given critical inferences in scientific, clinical and professional areas.

Objective The Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ) is a frequently used instrument in relevant literature for assessment of cognitive biases that play critical roles in appraisal of intrusive experiences in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The questionnaire was initially designed as a 44-item questionnaire, then was shortened to 20 items and lastly was brought down to 9-items. Since so far, only the 44-item version has been available in Turkey, this study aimed to examine psychometric properties of the two shortened OBQ forms in a community sample. Method The study included the data sets of two adult groups on the OBQ and the psychometric tools completed on the OCD symptoms, self-ambivalence and thought action fusion. Results Results of the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the Turkish language versions of the OBQ-20 and OBQ-9 had acceptable internal consistency coefficients, similar factor structures to the original studies on the questionnaire, and that, on the bases of the extra modeling tests, the total and the subdimensional scores of both questionnaires were usable for OCD assessments. Moreover as expected, there were significant correlations among these biases, OCD symptoms, self-ambivalence and thought-action fusion.

No matter how well-intentioned psychological treatments are planned and implemented, they have the potential to affect clients negatively or to end unexpectedly. These negative effects are represented by very different terms in the literature. It is not clear how to define negative effects, how they will be evaluated, or what to do when encountered with them. The purpose of this systematic review was to bring together the studies on the negative effects of psychotherapy and to examine how this concept is handled and what these effects can be from the perspective of therapists and clients. As a result of the systematic literature review, 58 studies on this subject were reached, and 14 articles meeting the screening criteria were examined in detail. According to the findings, the terms used for this phenomenon include negative effects, negative indicators, side effects, deterioration-worsening of symptoms and undesirable effect. The negative effects stated in these studies with different numbers of participants suffering from different disorders and various methods are defined as technical problems, problems with the therapeutic relationship, increase or worsening of symptoms, failure to meet the expectations of the client and therapist from psychotherapy. It was thought that more randomized controlled trials were needed to make a clear conclusion on this issue. It is thought that the widespread use of such research will improve mental health studies, bring awareness to therapists by focusing on this concept that seems taboo, will have effects on being more beneficial to clients and making psychotherapies more functional.

Making realistic predictions about the future is important in clinical psychology as in many other disciplines. This opinion survey aimed to examine clinical psychologists' predictions for the next 10 years regarding the status of psychotherapy in Turkey in two stages, with 107 participants in one and 69 in the other. The results revealed that the techniques predicted to increase the most in the next decade were the use of eclectic therapy, mindfulness therapy, solution-focused therapy, system/family approaches, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Among the therapeutic interventions expected to increase in popularity were Internet-based programs, smartphone applications, and problem solving. In terms of type of psychotherapists, family counselors with certificate/graduate degrees and Internet-based treatment programs were expected to become more common, whereas it was considered that shorter treatment formats and crisis intervention approaches would be preferred. In sum, the present findings provide a current overview for Turkey and a comparison with other literature findings. © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Although the role of excessive efforts to exert mental control over one's unwanted intrusive thoughts has been successfully explained and documented in the cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), individual's beliefs regarding the controllability of events, that is, locus of control (LOC), have been largely ignored in recent cognitive formulations of OCD. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between these two control-related cognitions by comparing their roles in obsessive–compulsive (OC) and depression symptoms. Measures of LOC, obsessive-related beliefs, depression, anxiety and OCD symptoms were administered to a sample of 530 Turkish university students. Results showed that while external LOC was positively associated with depression symptoms, the relation was different for OC symptoms. The interaction of LOC with a high desire for thought control was significantly associated with general OC symptoms, particularly with checking symptoms. The findings suggest that beliefs regarding the controllability of events are critical factors in OC symptomatology, but only when there is also a high desire of thought control.