154 results on '"Olson, Ashley A."'
Search Results
2. Using observational data to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic treatment-switching strategies: an application to antiretroviral therapy
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Cain, Lauren E, Saag, Michael S, Petersen, Maya, May, Margaret T, Ingle, Suzanne M, Logan, Roger, Robins, James M, Abgrall, Sophie, Shepherd, Bryan E, Deeks, Steven G, Gill, M John, Touloumi, Giota, Vourli, Georgia, Dabis, François, Vandenhende, Marie-Anne, Reiss, Peter, van Sighem, Ard, Samji, Hasina, Hogg, Robert S, Rybniker, Jan, Sabin, Caroline A, Jose, Sophie, del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Rodríguez, Benigno, Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Boswell, Stephen L, Stephan, Christoph, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Jarrin, Inma, Guest, Jodie L, Monforte, Antonella D’Arminio, Antinori, Andrea, Moore, Richard, Campbell, Colin NJ, Casabona, Jordi, Meyer, Laurence, Seng, Rémonie, Phillips, Andrew N, Bucher, Heiner C, Egger, Matthias, Mugavero, Michael J, Haubrich, Richard, Geng, Elvin H, Olson, Ashley, Eron, Joseph J, Napravnik, Sonia, Kitahata, Mari M, Van Rompaey, Stephen E, Teira, Ramón, Justice, Amy C, Tate, Janet P, Costagliola, Dominique, Sterne, Jonathan AC, Hernán, Miguel A, and Systems, and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration on behalf of the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical
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Epidemiology ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Infectious Diseases ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Anti-HIV Agents ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Female ,HIV Infections ,HIV-1 ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Observational Studies as Topic ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Survival Analysis ,United Kingdom ,Viral Load ,HIV ,antiretroviral therapy ,inverse-probability weighting ,observational studies ,mortality ,dynamic strategies ,Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration ,the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems ,and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration ,Statistics ,Public Health and Health Services ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundWhen a clinical treatment fails or shows suboptimal results, the question of when to switch to another treatment arises. Treatment switching strategies are often dynamic because the time of switching depends on the evolution of an individual's time-varying covariates. Dynamic strategies can be directly compared in randomized trials. For example, HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy could be randomized to switching therapy within 90 days of HIV-1 RNA crossing above a threshold of either 400 copies/ml (tight-control strategy) or 1000 copies/ml (loose-control strategy).MethodsWe review an approach to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic switching strategies using observational data from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration. We estimated the comparative effect of tight-control vs. loose-control strategies on death and AIDS or death via inverse-probability weighting.ResultsOf 43 803 individuals who initiated an eligible antiretroviral therapy regimen in 2002 or later, 2001 met the baseline inclusion criteria for the mortality analysis and 1641 for the AIDS or death analysis. There were 21 deaths and 33 AIDS or death events in the tight-control group, and 28 deaths and 41 AIDS or death events in the loose-control group. Compared with tight control, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for loose control were 1.10 (0.73, 1.66) for death, and 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) for AIDS or death.ConclusionsAlthough our effective sample sizes were small and our estimates imprecise, the described methodological approach can serve as an example for future analyses.
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- 2016
3. When to Monitor CD4 Cell Count and HIV RNA to Reduce Mortality and AIDS-Defining Illness in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy in High-Income Countries
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Caniglia, Ellen C, Sabin, Caroline, Robins, James M, Logan, Roger, Cain, Lauren E, Abgrall, Sophie, Mugavero, Michael J, Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia, Meyer, Laurence, Seng, Remonie, Drozd, Daniel R, Seage, George R, Bonnet, Fabrice, Dabis, Francois, Moore, Richard R, Reiss, Peter, van Sighem, Ard, Mathews, William C, del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Deeks, Steven G, Muga, Roberto, Boswell, Stephen L, Ferrer, Elena, Eron, Joseph J, Napravnik, Sonia, Jose, Sophie, Phillips, Andrew, Olson, Ashley, Justice, Amy C, Tate, Janet P, Bucher, Heiner C, Egger, Matthias, Touloumi, Giota, Sterne, Jonathan A, Costagliola, Dominique, Saag, Michael, and Hernán, Miguel A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Prevention ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,AIDS-Related Complex ,Anti-HIV Agents ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Cohort Studies ,Developed Countries ,Europe ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,RNA ,Viral ,United States ,Viral Load ,HIV ,CD4 cell count ,HIV RNA ,monitoring ,observational studies ,mortality ,Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
ObjectiveTo illustrate an approach to compare CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA monitoring strategies in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART).DesignProspective studies of HIV-positive individuals in Europe and the USA in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration and The Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems.MethodsAntiretroviral-naive individuals who initiated ART and became virologically suppressed within 12 months were followed from the date of suppression. We compared 3 CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA monitoring strategies: once every (1) 3 ± 1 months, (2) 6 ± 1 months, and (3) 9-12 ± 1 months. We used inverse-probability weighted models to compare these strategies with respect to clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes.ResultsIn 39,029 eligible individuals, there were 265 deaths and 690 AIDS-defining illnesses or deaths. Compared with the 3-month strategy, the mortality hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.86 (0.42 to 1.78) for the 6 months and 0.82 (0.46 to 1.47) for the 9-12 month strategy. The respective 18-month risk ratios (95% CIs) of virologic failure (RNA >200) were 0.74 (0.46 to 1.19) and 2.35 (1.56 to 3.54) and 18-month mean CD4 differences (95% CIs) were -5.3 (-18.6 to 7.9) and -31.7 (-52.0 to -11.3). The estimates for the 2-year risk of AIDS-defining illness or death were similar across strategies.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that monitoring frequency of virologically suppressed individuals can be decreased from every 3 months to every 6, 9, or 12 months with respect to clinical outcomes. Because effects of different monitoring strategies could take years to materialize, longer follow-up is needed to fully evaluate this question.
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- 2016
4. When to Monitor CD4 Cell Count and HIV RNA to Reduce Mortality and AIDS-Defining Illness in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy in High-Income Countries: A Prospective Observational Study.
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Caniglia, Ellen C, Sabin, Caroline, Robins, James M, Logan, Roger, Cain, Lauren E, Abgrall, Sophie, Mugavero, Michael J, Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia, Meyer, Laurence, Seng, Remonie, Drozd, Daniel R, Seage, George R, Bonnet, Fabrice, Dabis, Francois, Moore, Richard R, Reiss, Peter, van Sighem, Ard, Mathews, William C, Del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Deeks, Steven G, Muga, Roberto, Boswell, Stephen L, Ferrer, Elena, Eron, Joseph J, Napravnik, Sonia, Jose, Sophie, Phillips, Andrew, Olson, Ashley, Justice, Amy C, Tate, Janet P, Bucher, Heiner C, Egger, Matthias, Touloumi, Giota, Sterne, Jonathan A, Costagliola, Dominique, Saag, Michael, Hernán, Miguel A, and Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration
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Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,AIDS-Related Complex ,RNA ,Viral ,Anti-HIV Agents ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Viral Load ,Cohort Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Developed Countries ,United States ,Europe ,HIV ,CD4 cell count ,HIV RNA ,monitoring ,observational studies ,mortality ,RNA ,Viral ,Virology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services - Abstract
ObjectiveTo illustrate an approach to compare CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA monitoring strategies in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART).DesignProspective studies of HIV-positive individuals in Europe and the USA in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration and The Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems.MethodsAntiretroviral-naive individuals who initiated ART and became virologically suppressed within 12 months were followed from the date of suppression. We compared 3 CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA monitoring strategies: once every (1) 3 ± 1 months, (2) 6 ± 1 months, and (3) 9-12 ± 1 months. We used inverse-probability weighted models to compare these strategies with respect to clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes.ResultsIn 39,029 eligible individuals, there were 265 deaths and 690 AIDS-defining illnesses or deaths. Compared with the 3-month strategy, the mortality hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.86 (0.42 to 1.78) for the 6 months and 0.82 (0.46 to 1.47) for the 9-12 month strategy. The respective 18-month risk ratios (95% CIs) of virologic failure (RNA >200) were 0.74 (0.46 to 1.19) and 2.35 (1.56 to 3.54) and 18-month mean CD4 differences (95% CIs) were -5.3 (-18.6 to 7.9) and -31.7 (-52.0 to -11.3). The estimates for the 2-year risk of AIDS-defining illness or death were similar across strategies.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that monitoring frequency of virologically suppressed individuals can be decreased from every 3 months to every 6, 9, or 12 months with respect to clinical outcomes. Because effects of different monitoring strategies could take years to materialize, longer follow-up is needed to fully evaluate this question.
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- 2016
5. A systematic review of definitions of extreme phenotypes of HIV control and progression.
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Gurdasani, Deepti, Iles, Louise, Dillon, David, Young, Elizabeth, Olson, Ashley, Naranbhai, Vivek, Fidler, Sarah, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Post, Frank, Kellam, Paul, Porter, Kholoud, and Sandhu, Manjinder
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Disease Progression ,HIV Infections ,HIV Long-Term Survivors ,Humans ,Phenotype ,Terminology as Topic - Abstract
The study of individuals at opposite ends of the HIV clinical spectrum can provide invaluable insights into HIV biology. Heterogeneity in criteria used to define these individuals can introduce inconsistencies in results from research and make it difficult to identify biological mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. In this systematic review, we formally quantified the heterogeneity in definitions used for terms referring to extreme phenotypes in the literature, and identified common definitions and components used to describe these phenotypes. We assessed 714 definitions of HIV extreme phenotypes in 501 eligible studies published between 1 January 2000 and 15 March 2012, and identified substantial variation among these. This heterogeneity in definitions may represent important differences in biological endophenotypes and clinical progression profiles of individuals selected by these, suggesting the need for harmonized definitions. In this context, we were able to identify common components in existing definitions that may provide a framework for developing consensus definitions for these phenotypes in HIV infection.
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- 2014
6. Large positive ecological changes of small urban greening actions
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Mata, Luis, primary, Hahs, Amy K., additional, Palma, Estibaliz, additional, Backstrom, Anna, additional, Johnston, Nikolas, additional, King, Tyler, additional, Olson, Ashley R., additional, Renowden, Christina, additional, Smith, Tessa R., additional, Vogel, Blythe, additional, and Ward, Samantha, additional
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- 2023
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7. Do Hospitals Performing Frequent Neuraxial Anesthesia for Hip and Knee Replacements Have Better Outcomes?
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Memtsoudis, Stavros G., Poeran, Jashvant, Zubizarreta, Nicole, Olson, Ashley, Cozowicz, Crispiana, Mörwald, Eva E., Mariano, Edward R., and Mazumdar, Madhu
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- 2018
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8. The collaborative cross strains and their founders vary widely in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization
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Schoenrock, Sarah A., primary, Gagnon, Leona, additional, Olson, Ashley, additional, Leonardo, Michael, additional, Philip, Vivek M., additional, He, Hao, additional, Reinholdt, Laura G., additional, Sukoff Rizzo, Stacey J., additional, Jentsch, James D., additional, Chesler, Elissa J., additional, and Tarantino, Lisa M., additional
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- 2022
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9. Temporal trends of transmitted HIV drug resistance in a multinational seroconversion cohort
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Olson, Ashley, Bannert, Norbert, Sönnerborg, Anders, de Mendoza, Carmen, Price, Matthew, Zangerle, Robert, Chaix, Marie-Laure, Prins, Maria, Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken, Gill, John, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, and Porter, Kholoud
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- 2018
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10. Virological Blips and Predictors of Post Treatment Viral Control After Stopping ART Started in Primary HIV Infection
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Fidler, Sarah, Olson, Ashley D., Bucher, Heiner C., Fox, Julie, Thornhill, John, Morrison, Charles, Muga, Roberto, Phillips, Andrew, Frater, John, and Porter, Kholoud
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- 2017
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11. The impact of transient combination antiretroviral treatment in early HIV infection on viral suppression and immunologic response in later treatment
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Pantazis, Nikos, Touloumi, Giota, Meyer, Laurence, Olson, Ashley, Costagliola, Dominique, Kelleher, Anthony D., Lutsar, Irja, Chaix, Marie-Laure, Fisher, Martin, Moreno, Santiago, and Porter, Kholoud
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- 2016
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12. Does rapid HIV disease progression prior to combination antiretroviral therapy hinder optimal CD4+ T-cell recovery once HIV-1 suppression is achieved?
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Jarrin, Inma, Pantazis, Nikos, Dalmau, Judith, Phillips, Andrew N., Olson, Ashley, Mussini, Cristina, Boufassa, Faroudy, Costagliola, Dominique, Porter, Kholoud, Blanco, Juliá, Del Amo, Julia, and Martinez-Picado, Javier
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- 2015
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13. Heritable variation in locomotion, reward sensitivity and impulsive behaviors in a genetically diverse inbred mouse panel
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Bailey, Lauren S., primary, Bagley, Jared R., additional, Dodd, Rainy, additional, Olson, Ashley, additional, Bolduc, Mikayla, additional, Philip, Vivek M., additional, Reinholdt, Laura G., additional, Sukoff Rizzo, Stacey J., additional, Tarantino, Lisa, additional, Gagnon, Leona, additional, Chesler, Elissa J., additional, and Jentsch, James David, additional
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- 2021
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14. Mechanisms of disease-modifying effect of saracatinib (AZD0530), a Src/Fyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in the rat kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy
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Sharma, Shaunik, primary, Carlson, Steven, additional, Gregory-Flores, Adriana, additional, Hinojo-Perez, Andy, additional, Olson, Ashley, additional, and Thippeswamy, Thimmasettappa, additional
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- 2021
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15. Unbelievable Utah: exploring Utah's five national parks in a wheelchair is an accessible experience that takes your breath away
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Olson, Ashley
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Physically disabled persons ,National parks and reserves ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Social sciences - Abstract
I needed to create new memories of Utah. In 1998, I was paralyzed in a car accident and hospitalized in Salt Lake City for a month. To clear the negative [...]
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- 2015
16. A day in Ecuador
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Olson, Ashley Lyn
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Ecuador -- Description and travel ,Cities and towns ,Zip lines ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Social sciences - Abstract
It was our first day out of the capital city of Quito and into the 'real' Ecuador. We were staying at an accessible hostel on a hillside overlooking the vibrant [...]
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- 2014
17. Leap day: parachuting out of a plane at 13,000 feet with two friends was a happy birthday for this travel writer
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Olson, Ashley
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Skydiving -- Personal narratives ,Birthdays -- Personal narratives ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Social sciences - Abstract
Most birthdays involve cake, candles and presents. But when it came to my 30th birthday all I wanted was blue sky, a plane and a parachute. 'Can you skydive three [...]
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- 2013
18. Genetic variation and sex differences are missed opportunities for addiction biology
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Saul, Michael C., Bagley, Jared R., Bailey, Lauren S., Datta, Udita, Dickson, Price E., Dodd, Rainy, Gagnon, Leona H., Kimble, Violet M., Leonardo, Michael, Kim, Sam-Moon, Olson, Ashley, Roy, Tyler, Schoenrock, Sarah A., Wilcox, Troy, Jentsch, J. David, Logan, Ryan W., McClung, Colleen A., Philip, Vivek M., Reinholdt, Laura G., Sukoff Rizzo, Stacey J., Tarantino, Lisa M., and Chesler, Elissa J.
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Though risk for cocaine use disorder is subject to substantial inter-individual variation, the sources of that variation – including, genetics and sex – are too often ignored in studies of this phenomenon. In genetically diverse laboratory mice, these individual differences explain the majority of variance in important cocaine-related behavioral, physiological, and striatum transcriptional responses traits. This individual variation represents a missed opportunity for discovery and translation of addiction mechanisms.
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- 2020
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19. Friendly in the far east: meeting helpful people made a trip to Japan extra special for this wheelchair traveler
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Olson, Ashley Lyn
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Ambulation aids ,Travelers ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Social sciences - Abstract
I was in Japan for only three days when my friend and tour guide, Spencer, delivered the bad news: 'I need to return to the U.S. tomorrow; it's an emergency.' [...]
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- 2013
20. Delayed Symptom Onset Following Pediatric Sport-Related Concussion
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Olson, Ashley, primary, Ellis, Michael J., additional, Selci, Erin, additional, and Russell, Kelly, additional
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- 2020
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21. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 1400W, mitigates DFP-induced long-term neurotoxicity in the rat model
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Putra, Marson, primary, Sharma, Shaunik, additional, Gage, Meghan, additional, Gasser, Grace, additional, Hinojo-Perez, Andy, additional, Olson, Ashley, additional, Gregory-Flores, Adriana, additional, Puttachary, Sreekanth, additional, Wang, Chong, additional, Anantharam, Vellareddy, additional, and Thippeswamy, Thimmasettappa, additional
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- 2020
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22. HIV incidence in the Estonian population in 2013 determined using the HIV-1 limiting antigen avidity assay
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Soodla, P., Simmons, R., Huik, K., Pauskar, M., Jõgeda, E. -L., Rajasaar, H., Kallaste, E., Maimets, M., Avi, R., Murphy, G., Porter, K., Lutsar, I., Del Amo, Julia, Meyer, Laurence, Bucher, Heiner C., Chêne, Geneviève, Hamouda, Osamah, Pillay, Deenan, Prins, Maria, Rosinska, Magda, Sabin, Caroline, Touloumi, Giota, Olson, Ashley, Cartier, Andrea, Fradette, Lorraine, Walker, Sarah, Babiker, Abdel, De Luca, Andrea, Fisher, Martin, Muga, Roberto, Kelleher, Tony, Cooper, David, Grey, Pat, Finlayson, Robert, Bloch, Mark, Ramacciotti, Tim, Gelgor, Linda, Smith, Don, Zangerle, Robert, Gill, John, Dabis, Francois, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Costagliola, Dominique, Guiguet, Marguerite, Vanhems, Philippe, Chaix, Marie-Laure, Ghosn, Jade, Boufassa, Faroudy, Meixenberger, Karolin, Bannert, Norbert, Bartmeyer, Barbara, Antoniadou, Anastasia, Chrysos, Georgios, Daikos, Georgios L., Pantazis, Nikos, Katsarou, Olga, Rezza, Giovanni, Dorrucci, Maria, Monforte, Antonella d'Arminio, Geskus, Ronald, van der Helm, Jannie, Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Sannes, Mette, Brubakk, Oddbjorn, Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken, Rosinska, Magdalena, Tor, Jordi, de Olalla, Patricia Garcia, Cayla, Joan, Moreno, Santiago, Monge, Susana, del Romero, Jorge, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Sönnerborg, Anders, Günthard, Huldrych, Scherrer, Alexandra, Malyuta, Ruslan, Johnson, Anne, Phillips, Andrew, Morrison, Charles, Price, Matt A., Giaquinto, Carlo, Grarup, Jesper, Kirk, Ole, Bailey, Heather, Volny Anne, Alain, Panteleev, Alex, Thorne, Claire, Aboulker, Jean-Pierre, Albert, Jan, Asandi, Silvia, De Wit, Stéphane, Reiss, Peter, Gatell, José, Karpov, Igor, Ledergerber, Bruno, Møller, Claus, Rakhmanova, Aza, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Sandhu, Manjinder, Dedes, Nikos, Pizzuti, David, Faggion, Silvia, Raben, Dorthe, Schwimmer, Christine, Scott, Martin, APH - Global Health, Infectious diseases, Epidemiology and Data Science, Experimental Immunology, APH - Aging & Later Life, and Global Health
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,HIV Infections ,Immunoenzyme Techniques ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Transmission (medicine) ,Incidence ,Health Policy ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,epidemiology ,Viral load ,Adult ,Estonia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Eastern Europe ,recent infection testing algorithm ,Young Adult ,recent HIV infection ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,HIV serological assay ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,Seroconversion ,education ,Aged ,injecting drug users ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,business.industry ,Public health ,HIV ,Immunology ,HIV-1 ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Estonia has one the highest number of new HIV diagnoses in the European Union, mainly among injecting drug users and heterosexuals. Little is known of HIV incidence, which is crucial for limiting the epidemic. Using a recent HIV infection testing algorithm (RITA) assay, we aimed to estimate HIV incidence in 2013. METHODS: All individuals aged ≥18 years newly-diagnosed with HIV in Estonia January- December 2013, except blood donors and those undergoing antenatal screening, were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the Estonian Health Board and the Estonian HIV-positive patient database. Serum samples were tested for recent infection using the LAg-avidity EIA assay. HIV incidence was estimated based on previously published methods. RESULTS: Of 69,115 tested subjects, 286 (0.41%) were newly-diagnosed with HIV with median age of 33 years (IQR: 28–42) and 65% male. Self-reported routes of HIV transmission were mostly heterosexual contact (n = 157, 53%) and injecting drug use (n = 62, 21%); 64 (22%) were with unknown risk group. Eighty two (36%) were assigned recent, resulting in estimated HIV incidence of 0.06%, corresponding to 642 new infections in 2013 among the non-screened population. Incidence was highest (1.48%) among people who inject drugs. CONCLUSIONS: These high HIV incidence estimates in Estonia call for urgent action of renewed targeted public health promotion and HIV testing campaigns.
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- 2017
23. The Great American SOUTHWEST.
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OLSON, ASHLEY LYN
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From Death Valley, it's a quick two-hour drive back to Vegas, where you can start dreaming about your next trip to the marvelous, magical American Southwest. TOTAL MILES: Around 2,000 DAYS/NIGHTS: Up to You STOPS: Las Vegas, NV; Sedona, AZ; Albuquerque, Santa Fe and Taos, NM; Durango, CO; Moab or St. George, UT; Joshua Tree or Death Valley, CA I grew up on road trips and vividly recall the excitement and wonder of the family van winding through the various topographies. California From St. George, it's less than two hours back to Las Vegas, but if you're looking for the whole southwest experience, it's worth extending your trip west to see Death Valley National Park and Joshua Tree National Park. If possible, try to visit Death Valley in the spring, as temperatures are reasonable - summertime temps often exceed 120 degrees, a definite deterrent to anyone with temperature regulation issues - and the spring wildflower blooms can be spectacular. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2022
24. The concordance of the limiting antigen and the Bio-Rad avidity assays in persons from Estonia infected mainly with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx
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Huik, Kristi Soodla, Pilleriin Pauskar, Merit Owen, S. Michele Luo, Wei Murphy, Gary Jogeda, Ene-Ly Kallas, Eveli Rajasaar, Heli Avi, Radko Masciotra, Silvina and Lutsar, Irja Del Amo, Julia Meyer, Laurence Bucher, Heiner C. Chene, Genevieve Hamouda, Osamah Pillay, Deenan and Prins, Maria Rosinska, Magda Sabin, Caroline Touloumi, Giota and Porter, Kholoud Olson, Ashley Cartier, Andrea Fradette, Lorraine Walker, Sarah Babiker, Abdel De Luca, Andrea and Fisher, Martin Muga, Roberto Kelleher, Tony Cooper, David and Grey, Pat Finlayson, Robert Bloch, Mark Ramacciotti, Tim and Gelgor, Linda Smith, Don Zangerle, Robert Gill, John and Dabis, Francois Thiebaut, Rodolphe Costagliola, Dominique and Guiguet, Marguerite Vanhems, Philippe Chaix, Marie-Laure and Ghosn, Jade Boufassa, Faroudy Meixenberger, Karolin Bannert, Norbert Bartmeyer, Barbara Antoniadou, Anastasia Chrysos, Georgios Daikos, Georgios L. Pantazis, Nikos Katsarou, Olga and Rezza, Giovanni Dorrucci, Maria Monforte, Antonella d'Arminio Geskus, Ronald van der Helm, Jannie Schuitemaker, Hanneke Sannes, Mette Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken Rosinska, Magdalena Tor, Jordi de Olalla, Patricia Garcia Cayla, Joan del Amo, Julia Moreno, Santiago and Monge, Susana del Romero, Jorge Perez-Hoyos, Santiago and Sonnerborg, Anders Guenthard, Huldrych Scherrer, Alexandra and Malyuta, Ruslan Johnson, Anne Phillips, Andrew Morrison, Charles Salata, Robert Mugerwa, Roy Chipato, Tsungai and Price, Matt A. Gilmour, Jill Kamali, Anatoli Karita, Etienne and Burns, Fiona Giaquinto, Carlo Grarup, Jesper Kirk, Ole and Bailey, Heather Anne, Alain Volny Panteleev, Alex and Thorne, Claire Aboulker, Jean-Pierre Albert, Jan Asandi, Silvia De Wit, Stephane Reiss, Peter Gatell, Jose and Karpov, Igor Ledergerber, Bruno Lundgren, Jens Moller, Claus and Rakhma-nova, Aza Rockstroh, Juergen Sandhu, Manjinder and Dedes, Nikos Fenton, Kevin Pizzuti, David Vitoria, Marco and Faggion, Silvia Frost, Richard Raben, Dorthe Schwimmer, Christine Scott, Martin CASCADE Collaboration EuroCoord
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Background Serological assays to determine HIV incidence have contributed to estimates of HIV incidence, monitoring of HIV spread, and evaluation of prevention strategies. Two frequently used incidence assays are the Sedia HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA (LAg) and the Bio-Rad avidity incidence (BRAI) assays with a mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) of 130 and 240 days for subtype B infections, respectively. Little is known about how these assays perform with recombinant HIV-1 strains. We evaluated the concordance of these assays in a population infected mainly with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx. Material/Methods Remnant serum samples (n = 288) collected from confirmed, newly-diagnosed HIV-positive persons from Estonia in 2013 were tested. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from clinical databases. LAg was performed according to the manufacturer’s protocol and BRAI testing was done using a validated protocol. Samples with LAg-pending or BRAI-invalid results were reclassified as recent if they were from persons with viral loads
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- 2019
25. Weight Watchers on prescription: An observational study of weight change among adults referred to Weight Watchers by the NHS
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Aston Louise M, Olson Ashley D, Ahern Amy L, and Jebb Susan A
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The scale of overweight and obesity in the UK places a considerable burden on the NHS. In some areas the NHS has formed partnerships with commercial companies to offer weight management services, but there has been little evaluation of these schemes. This study is an independent audit of the Weight Watchers NHS Referral scheme and evaluates the weight change of obese and overweight adults referred to Weight Watchers (WW) by the NHS. Method Data was obtained from the WW NHS Referral Scheme database for 29,326 referral courses started after 2nd April 2007 and ending before 6th October 2009 [90% female; median age 49 years (IQR 38 - 61 years); median BMI 35.1 kg/m2 (IQR 31.8 - 39.5 kg/m2). Participants received vouchers (funded by the PCT following referral by a healthcare professional) to attend 12 WW meetings. Body weight was measured at WW meetings and relayed to the central database. Results Median weight change for all referrals was -2.8 kg [IQR -5.9 - -0.7 kg] representing -3.1% initial weight. 33% of all courses resulted in loss of ≥5% initial weight. 54% of courses were completed. Median weight change for those completing a first course was -5.4 kg [IQR -7.8 - -3.1 kg] or -5.6% of initial weight. 57% lost ≥5% initial weight. Conclusions A third of all patients who were referred to WW through the WW NHS Referral Scheme and started a 12 session course achieved ≥5% weight loss, which is usually associated with clinical benefits. This is the largest audit of NHS referral to a commercial weight loss programme in the UK and results are comparable with other options for weight loss available through primary care.
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- 2011
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26. CD39 activity correlates with stage and inhibits platelet reactivity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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Islam Naziba, Broekman M Johan, Olson Kim E, Pulte Dianne, Ballard Harold S, Furman Richard R, Olson Ashley E, and Marcus Aaron J
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Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by accumulation of mature appearing lymphocytes and is rarely complicated by thrombosis. One possible explanation for the paucity of thrombotic events in these patients may be the presence of the ecto-nucleotidase CD39/NTDPase-1 on the surface of the malignant cells in CLL. CD39 is the major promoter of platelet inhibition in vivo via its metabolism of ADP to AMP. We hypothesize that if CD39 is observed on CLL cells, then patients with CLL may be relatively protected against platelet aggregation and recruitment and that CD39 may have other effects on CLL, including modulation of the disease, via its metabolism of ATP. Methods Normal and malignant lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood from patients with CLL and healthy volunteers. Enzyme activity was measured via radio-TLC assay and expression via FACS. Semi-quantititative RT-PCR for CD39 splice variants and platelet function tests were performed on several samples. Results Functional assays demonstrated that ADPase and ATPase activities were much higher in CLL cells than in total lymphocytes from the normal population on a per cell basis (p-value < 0.00001). CD39 activity was elevated in stage 0–2 CLL compared to stage 3–4 (p < 0.01). FACS of lymphocytes demonstrated CD39 expression on > 90% of normal and malignant B-lymphocytes and ~8% of normal T-lymphocytes. RT-PCR showed increased full length CD39 and splice variant 1.5, but decreased variant 1.3 in CLL cells. Platelet function tests showed inhibition of platelet activation and recruitment to ADP by CLL cells. Conclusion CD39 is expressed and active on CLL cells. Enzyme activity is higher in earlier stages of CLL and decreased enzyme activity may be associated with worsening disease. These results suggest that CD39 may play a role in the pathogenesis of malignancy and protect CLL patients from thrombotic events.
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- 2007
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27. The hard truth
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Olson, Ashley
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Paraplegics -- Care and treatment -- Prevention ,Skin -- Physiological aspects ,Bones -- Physiological aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Social sciences - Abstract
Since I became paralyzed at age 14, I have learned many hard lessons. One of the most important things was remembering to lift up every 15 minutes to relieve the [...]
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- 2011
28. A Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sequences in Kiev: Findings Among Key Populations
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Fearnhill, Esther, Gourlay, Annabelle, Malyuta, Ruslan, Simmons, Ruth, Ferns, R Bridget, Grant, Paul, Nastouli, Eleni, Karnets, Iryna, Murphy, Gary, Medoeva, Antonia, Kruglov, Yuri, Yurchenko, Alexander, Porter, Kholoud, Del Amo, Julia, Meyer, Laurence, Bucher, Heiner C, Chêne, Geneviève, Hamouda, Osamah, Pillay, Deenan, Prins, Maria, Rosinska, Magda, Sabin, Caroline, Touloumi, Giota, Olson, Ashley, Cartier, Andrea, Fradette, Lorraine, Walker, Sarah, Babiker, Abdel, De Luca, Andrea, Fisher, Martin, Muga, Roberto, Kelleher, Tony, Cooper, David, Grey, Pat, Finlayson, Robert, Bloch, Mark, Ramacciotti, Tim, Gelgor, Linda, Smith, Don, Zangerle, Robert, Gill, John, Lutsar, Irja, Dabis, Francois, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Costagliola, Dominique, Guiguet, Marguerite, Vanhems, Philippe, Chaix, Marie-Laure, Ghosn, Jade, Boufassa, Faroudy, Meixenberger, Karolin, Bannert, Norbert, Bartmeyer, Barbara, Antoniadou, Anastasia, Chrysos, Georgios, Daikos, Georgios L, Pantazis, Nikos, Katsarou, Olga, Rezza, Giovanni, Dorrucci, Maria, d’Arminio Monforte, Antonella, Geskus, Ronald, van der Helm, Jannie, Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Sannes, Mette, Brubakk, Oddbjorn, Bakken Kran, Anne-Marte, Rosinska, Magdalena, Tor, Jordi, Garcia de Olalla, Patricia, Cayla, Joan, del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Monge, Susana, del Romero, Jorge, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Sönnerborg, Anders, Günthard, Huldrych, Scherrer, Alexandra, Johnson, Anne, Phillips, Andrew, Morrison, Charles, Salata, Robert, Mugerwa, Roy, Chipato, Tsungai, Price, Matt A, Gilmour, Jill, Kamali, Anatoli, Karita, Etienne, Burns, Fiona, Giaquinto, Carlo, Grarup, Jesper, Kirk, Ole, Bailey, Heather, Volny Anne, Alain, Panteleev, Alex, Thorne, Claire, Aboulker, Jean-Pierre, Albert, Jan, Asandi, Silvia, De Wit, Stéphane, Reiss, Peter, Gatell, José, Karpov, Igor, Ledergerber, Bruno, Lundgren, Jens, Møller, Claus, Rakhmanova, Aza, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Sandhu, Manjinder, Dedes, Nikos, Fenton, Kevin, Pizzuti, David, Vitoria, Marco, Faggion, Silvia, Frost, Richard, Raben, Dorthe, Schwimmer, Christine, and Scott, Martin
- Abstract
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Ukraine has been driven by a rapid rise among people who inject drugs, but recent studies have shown an increase through sexual transmission. Methods: Protease and reverse transcriptase sequences from 876 new HIV diagnoses (April 2013–March 2015) in Kiev were linked to demographic data. We constructed phylogenetic trees for 794 subtype A1 and 64 subtype B sequences and identified factors associated with transmission clustering. Clusters were defined as ≥2 sequences, ≥80% local branch support, and maximum genetic distance of all sequence pairs in the cluster ≤2.5%. Recent infection was determined through the limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay. Sequences were analyzed for transmitted drug resistance mutations. Results Thirty percent of subtype A1 and 66% of subtype B sequences clustered. Large clusters (maximum 11 sequences) contained mixed risk groups. In univariate analysis, clustering was significantly associated with subtype B compared to A1 (odds ratio [OR], 4.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.56–7.50]); risk group (OR, 5.65 [95% CI, 3.27–9.75]) for men who have sex with men compared to heterosexual males; recent, compared to long-standing, infection (OR, 2.72 [95% CI, 1.64–4.52]); reported sex work contact (OR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.07–3.47]); and younger age groups compared with age ≥36 years (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.10–3.05] for age ≤25 years). Females were associated with lower odds of clustering than heterosexual males (OR, 0.49 [95% CI, .31–.77]). In multivariate analysis, risk group, subtype, and age group were independently associated with clustering (P < .001, P = .007, and P = .033, respectively). Eighteen sequences (2.1%) indicated evidence of transmitted drug resistance. Conclusions Our findings suggest high levels of transmission and bridging between risk groups.
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- 2017
29. Orientation in Virtual Reality Does Not Fully Measure Up to the Real-World
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Kimura, Kazushige, primary, Reichert, James F., additional, Olson, Ashley, additional, Pouya, Omid Ranjbar, additional, Wang, Xikui, additional, Moussavi, Zahra, additional, and Kelly, Debbie M., additional
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- 2017
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30. THE GLORY OF GLAMPING.
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OLSON, ASHLEY LYN
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The tent-cabin at AutoCamp Yosemite has a loveseat sofa-coffee table area, as well as a bed with a cooking grill outside (no kitchenette or cooking supplies). AutoCamp Yosemite is larger, with four accessible cabins as well as a tent-cabin option. SO MANY REASONS TO LEAVE YOUR CABIN AutoCamp Yosemite is an hour from one of the main entrances of Yosemite National Park on Highway 140 in the historic gold rush town of Mariposa, named after the many butterflies in the area. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2021
31. Efavirenz versus boosted atazanavir-containing regimens and immunologic, virologic, and clinical outcomes: A prospective study of HIV-positive individuals
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Cain, Lauren E, Caniglia, Ellen C, Phillips, Andrew, Olson, Ashley, Muga, Roberto, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Abgrall, Sophie, Costagliola, Dominique, Rubio, Rafael, Jarrín, Inma, Bucher, Heiner, Fehr, Jan, van Sighem, Ard, Reiss, Peter, Dabis, François, Vandenhende, Marie-Anne, Logan, Roger, Robins, James, Sterne, Jonathan A C, Justice, Amy, Tate, Janet, Touloumi, Giota, Paparizos, Vasilis, Esteve, Anna, Casabona, Jordi, Seng, Rémonie, Meyer, Laurence, Jose, Sophie, Sabin, Caroline, Hernán, Miguel A, et al, University of Zurich, and Cain, Lauren E
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10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases ,610 Medicine & health ,2700 General Medicine - Published
- 2016
32. Efavirenz versus boosted atazanavir-containing regimens and immunologic, virologic, and clinical outcomes
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Cain, Lauren E., Caniglia, Ellen C., Phillips, Andrew, Olson, Ashley, Muga, Roberto, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Abgrall, Sophie, Costagliola, Dominique, Rubio, Rafael, Jarrín, Inma, Bucher, Heiner, Fehr, Jan, van Sighem, Ard, Reiss, Peter, Dabis, François, Vandenhende, Marie-Anne, Logan, Roger, Robins, James, Sterne, Jonathan A. C., Justice, Amy, Tate, Janet, Touloumi, Giota, Paparizos, Vasilis, Esteve, Anna, Casabona, Jordi, Seng, Rémonie, Meyer, Laurence, Jose, Sophie, Sabin, Caroline, and Hernán, Miguel A.
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Adult ,Cyclopropanes ,Male ,Atazanavir Sulfate ,Observational Study ,HIV Seropositivity ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,observational studies ,atazanavir ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,virus diseases ,HIV ,efavirenz ,HIV Protease Inhibitors ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,mortality ,United States ,Benzoxazines ,Europe ,Treatment Outcome ,Alkynes ,HIV-1 ,Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ,Female ,Research Article ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Objective: To compare regimens consisting of either ritonavir-boosted atazanavir or efavirenz and a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone with respect to clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes. Design: Prospective studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Europe and the United States included in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration. Methods: HIV-positive, antiretroviral therapy-naive, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free individuals were followed from the time they started an atazanavir or efavirenz regimen. We estimated an analog of the “intention-to-treat” effect for efavirenz versus atazanavir regimens on clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes with adjustment via inverse probability weighting for time-varying covariates. Results: A total of 4301 individuals started an atazanavir regimen (83 deaths, 157 AIDS-defining illnesses or deaths) and 18,786 individuals started an efavirenz regimen (389 deaths, 825 AIDS-defining illnesses or deaths). During a median follow-up of 31 months, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.98 (0.77, 1.24) for death and 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) for AIDS-defining illness or death comparing efavirenz with atazanavir regimens. The 5-year survival difference was 0.1% (95% confidence interval: −0.7%, 0.8%) and the AIDS-free survival difference was −0.3% (−1.2%, 0.6%). After 12 months, the mean change in CD4 cell count was 20.8 (95% confidence interval: 13.9, 27.8) cells/mm3 lower and the risk of virologic failure was 20% (14%, 26%) lower in the efavirenz regimens. Conclusion: Our estimates are consistent with a smaller 12-month increase in CD4 cell count, and a smaller risk of virologic failure at 12 months for efavirenz compared with atazanavir regimens. No overall differences could be detected with respect to 5-year survival or AIDS-free survival.
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- 2016
33. Limiting Cumulative HIV Viremia Copy-Years by Early Treatment Reduces Risk of AIDS and Death
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Olson, Ashley D., Walker, A. Sarah, Suthar, Amitabh B., Sabin, Caroline A., Bucher, Heiner C., Jarrín, Inmaculada, Moreno, Santiago, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Porter, Kholoud, Ford, Deborah, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. 7 Programa Marco, and Medical Research Council (Reino Unido)
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0301 basic medicine ,Cart ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Viremia copy-years ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,CD4 cell count ,Viremia ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,when to start ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,cART initiation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,When to start ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Seroconversion ,seroconverters ,viremia copy-years ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Hazard ratio ,CART initiation ,virus diseases ,Epidemiology and Prevention ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,030112 virology ,3. Good health ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Seroconverters ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV-RNA ,Immunology ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Female ,business - Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text., Background: Viremia copy-years (VCY), a time-updated measure of cumulative HIV exposure, predicts AIDS/death; although its utility in deciding when to start combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of initiating versus deferring cART on risk of AIDS/death by levels of VCY both independent of and within CD4 cell count strata ≥500 cells per cubic millimeter. Methods: Using Concerted Action on Seroconversion to AIDS and Death in Europe (CASCADE) data, we created a series of nested “trials” corresponding to consecutive months for individuals ≥16 years at seroconversion after 1995 who were cART-naive and AIDS-free. Pooling across all trials, time to AIDS/death by CD4, and VCY strata was compared in those initiating vs. deferring cART using Cox models adjusted for: country, sex, risk group, seroconversion year, age, time since last HIV-RNA, and current CD4, VCY, HIV-RNA, and mean number of previous CD4/HIV-RNA measurements/year. Results: Of 9353 individuals, 5312 (57%) initiated cART and 486 (5%) acquired AIDS/died. Pooling CD4 strata, risk of AIDS/death associated with initiating vs. deferring cART reduced as VCY increased. In patients with high CD4 cell counts, ≥500 cells per cubic millimeter, there was a trend for a greater reduction for those initiating vs. deferring with increasing VCY (P = 0.09), with the largest benefit in the VCY ≥100,000 copy-years/mL group [hazard ratio (95% CI) = 0.41 (0.19 to 0.87)]. Conclusions: For individuals with CD4 ≥500 cells per cubic millimeter, limiting the cumulative HIV burden to
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- 2016
34. When to Monitor CD4 Cell Count and HIV RNA to Reduce Mortality and AIDS-Defining Illness in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy in High-Income Countries: A Prospective Observational Study
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Caniglia, Ellen C. Sabin, Caroline Robins, James M. Logan, Roger Cain, Lauren E. Abgrall, Sophie Mugavero, Michael J. and Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia Meyer, Laurence Seng, Remonie and Drozd, Daniel R. Seage, III, George R. Bonnet, Fabrice and Dabis, Francois Moore, Richard R. Reiss, Peter van Sighem, Ard Mathews, William C. del Amo, Julia Moreno, Santiago and Deeks, Steven G. Muga, Roberto Boswell, Stephen L. Ferrer, Elena Eron, Joseph J. Napravnik, Sonia Jose, Sophie and Phillips, Andrew Olson, Ashley Justice, Amy C. Tate, Janet P. Bucher, Heiner C. Egger, Matthias Touloumi, Giota and Sterne, Jonathan A. Costagliola, Dominique Saag, Michael and Hernan, Miguel A. Ctr AIDS Res Network Integrated
- Abstract
Objective: To illustrate an approach to compare CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA monitoring strategies in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: Prospective studies of HIV-positive individuals in Europe and the USA in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration and The Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems. Methods: Antiretroviral-naive individuals who initiated ART and became virologically suppressed within 12 months were followed from the date of suppression. We compared 3 CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA monitoring strategies: once every (1) 3 +/- 1 months, (2) 6 +/- 1 months, and (3) 9-12 +/- 1 months. We used inverseprobability weighted models to compare these strategies with respect to clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes. Results: In 39,029 eligible individuals, there were 265 deaths and 690 AIDS-defining illnesses or deaths. Compared with the 3-month strategy, the mortality hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.86 (0.42 to 1.78) for the 6 months and 0.82 (0.46 to 1.47) for the 9-12 month strategy. The respective 18-month risk ratios (95% CIs) of virologic failure (RNA >200) were 0.74 (0.46 to 1.19) and 2.35 (1.56 to 3.54) and 18-month mean CD4 differences (95% CIs) were -25.3 (-18.6 to 7.9) and -31.7 (-52.0 to -11.3). The estimates for the 2-year risk of AIDS-defining illness or death were similar across strategies. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that monitoring frequency of virologically suppressed individuals can be decreased from every 3 months to every 6, 9, or 12 months with respect to clinical outcomes. Because effects of different monitoring strategies could take years to materialize, longer follow-up is needed to fully evaluate this question.
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- 2016
35. Using observational data to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic treatment-switching strategies: an application to antiretroviral therapy
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Cain, Lauren E. Saag, Michael S. Petersen, Maya May, Margaret T. Ingle, Suzanne M. Logan, Roger Robins, James M. and Abgrall, Sophie Shepherd, Bryan E. Deeks, Steven G. and Gill, M. John Touloumi, Giota Vourli, Georgia Dabis, Francois Vandenhende, Marie-Anne Reiss, Peter van Sighem, Ard Samji, Hasina Hogg, Robert S. Rybniker, Jan Sabin, Caroline A. Jose, Sophie del Amo, Julia Moreno, Santiago and Rodriguez, Benigno Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro Boswell, Stephen L. and Stephan, Christoph Perez-Hoyos, Santiago Jarrin, Inma and Guest, Jodie L. Monforte, Antonella D'Arminio Antinori, Andrea and Moore, Richard Campbell, Colin N. J. Casabona, Jordi and Meyer, Laurence Seng, Remonie Phillips, Andrew N. Bucher, Heiner C. Egger, Matthias Mugavero, Michael J. Haubrich, Richard Geng, Elvin H. Olson, Ashley Eron, Joseph J. and Napravnik, Sonia Kitahata, Mari M. Van Rompaey, Stephen E. and Teira, Ramon Justice, Amy C. Tate, Janet P. Costagliola, Dominique Sterne, Jonathan A. C. Hernan, Miguel A. and Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Ctr Aids Res Network Integra and HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration
- Abstract
Background: When a clinical treatment fails or shows suboptimal results, the question of when to switch to another treatment arises. Treatment switching strategies are often dynamic because the time of switching depends on the evolution of an individual’s time-varying covariates. Dynamic strategies can be directly compared in randomized trials. For example, HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy could be randomized to switching therapy within 90 days of HIV-1 RNA crossing above a threshold of either 400 copies/ml (tight-control strategy) or 1000 copies/ml (loose-control strategy). Methods: We review an approach to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic switching strategies using observational data from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration. We estimated the comparative effect of tight-control vs. loose-control strategies on death and AIDS or death via inverse-probability weighting. Results: Of 43 803 individuals who initiated an eligible antiretroviral therapy regimen in 2002 or later, 2001 met the baseline inclusion criteria for the mortality analysis and 1641 for the AIDS or death analysis. There were 21 deaths and 33 AIDS or death events in the tight-control group, and 28 deaths and 41 AIDS or death events in the loose-control group. Compared with tight control, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for loose control were 1.10 (0.73, 1.66) for death, and 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) for AIDS or death. Conclusions: Although our effective sample sizes were small and our estimates imprecise, the described methodological approach can serve as an example for future analyses.
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- 2016
36. Children and young people with perinatal HIV in Europe: epidemiological situation in 2014 and implications for the future
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Judd, Ali, Collins, Intira, Lodi, Sara, Olson, Ashley, Pantazis, Nikos, del Amo, Julia, Duff, Charlotte, Gennotte, Anne-Francoise, Kristensen, Dennis, Ledergerber, Bruno, Nadal, David, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, Sabin, Caroline A, Saidi, Yacine, Salbol Brandt, Rikke, Termote, Monique, Thorne, Claire, Warszawski, Josiane, Gibb, Diana, University of Zurich, and Judd, Ali
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Europe ,Surveillance ,paediatric ,10036 Medical Clinic ,adolescent ,2406 Virology ,HIV ,610 Medicine & health ,2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,cohort ,2713 Epidemiology - Published
- 2016
37. The impact of transient combination antiretroviral treatment in early HIV infection on viral suppression and immunologic response in later treatment
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Pantazis, Nikos Touloumi, Giota Meyer, Laurence Olson, Ashley Costagliola, Dominique Kelleher, Anthony D. Lutsar, Irja Chaix, Marie-Laure Fisher, Martin Moreno, Santiago and Porter, Kholoud Cascade Collaboration EuroCoord
- Abstract
Objective:Effects of transient combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) initiated during early HIV infection (EHI) remain unclear. We investigate whether this intervention affects viral suppression and CD4(+) cell count increase following its reinitiation in chronic infection (CHI).Design:Longitudinal observational study.Methods:We identified adult patients from Concerted Action of Seroconversion to AIDS and Death in Europe who seroconverted after 1/1/2000, had a 12 months or less HIV test interval and initiated cART from naive. We classified individuals as pretreated in EHI' if treated within 6 months of seroconversion, interrupted for at least 12 weeks, and reinitiated during CHI. Statistical analysis was performed using survival analysis methods and mixed models.Results:Pretreated and initiated in CHI groups comprised 202 and 4263 individuals, with median follow-up after CHI treatment 4.5 and 3 years, respectively. Both groups had similar virologic response and relapse rates (P=0.585 and P=0.206) but pretreated individuals restarted treatment with higher baseline CD4(+) cell count (approximate to 80cells/l; P
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- 2016
38. Trends in Perioperative Practice and Resource Utilization in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Joint Arthroplasty
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Cozowicz, Crispiana, primary, Poeran, Jashvant, additional, Olson, Ashley, additional, Mazumdar, Madhu, additional, Mörwald, Eva E., additional, and Memtsoudis, Stavros G., additional
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- 2017
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39. Children and young people with perinatal HIV in Europe: epidemiological situation in 2014 and implications for the future
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del Amo, Julia, Conejo, Pablo Rojo, Sabin, Caroline, Warszawski, Josiane, Gennotte, Anne-Francoise, Nadal, David, Gibb, Diana, Judd, Ali, Thorne, Claire, Olson, Ashley, Lodi, Sara, Pantazis, Nikos, Termote, Monique, Ledergerber, Bruno, Kristensen, Dennis, Brandt, Rikke Salbøl, Saidi, Yacine, Burns, Fiona, Chêne, Geneviève, Costagliola, Dominique, Giaquinto, Carlo, Grarup, Jesper, Kirk, Ole, Meyer, Laurence, Bailey, Heather, Anne, Alain Volny, Panteleev, Alex, Phillips, Andrew, Porter, Kholoud, Aboulker, Jean-Pierre, Albert, Jan, Asandi, Silvia, Monforte, Antonella d'Arminio, de Wit, Stéphane, Reiss, Peter, Gatell, José, Clínic, Fundació Privada, Bíomèdica, Recerca, Hamouda, Osamah, Karpov, Igor, Lundgren, Jens, Malyuta, Ruslan, Møller, Claus, Prins, Maria, Rakhmanova, Aza, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Rosinska, Magda, Sandhu, Manjinder, Touloumi, Giota, Cooper, David, Global Health, and Infectious diseases
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Perinatal hiv ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Virology ,Environmental health ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Journal Article ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,Europe ,Cohort ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Accurate ascertainment of the number of children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important to plan paediatric and adolescent health services. In Europe, the first generation of perinatally HIV-infected survivors are transferring to adult care and their health needs are unknown. We undertook an online survey of HIV cohort studies participating in the EuroCoord Network of Excellence to ascertain the number of perinatally HIV-infected (pHIV) patients included, to compare it with those published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and to assess the ability of countries to follow up pHIV patients after transfer to adult care. At the end of 2013, 16 countries in EuroCoord reported 8,229 pHIV patients in follow-up in cohorts, compared with 5,160 cumulative diagnoses reported by the ECDC in the same area. Follow-up of pHIV patients after transfer to adult care varied. It is likely that the number of diagnoses of perinatal HIV reported to ECDC is an underestimate, although this varies by country. Further work is needed to refine estimates and encourage follow-up in adult HIV cohorts to investigate long-term outcomes and improve the care of the next generation of children with HIV.
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- 2015
40. Comparative effectiveness of immediate antiretroviral therapy versus CD4-based initiation in HIV-positive individuals in high-income countries: observational cohort study
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Lodi, Sara Phillips, Andrew Logan, Roger Olson, Ashley and Costagliola, Dominique Abgrall, Sophie van Sighem, Ard and Reiss, Peter Miro, Jose M. Ferrer, Elena Justice, Amy and Gandhi, Neel Bucher, Heiner C. Furrer, Hansjakob Moreno, Santiago Monge, Susana Touloumi, Giota Pantazis, Nikos and Sterne, Jonathan Young, Jessica G. Meyer, Laurence Seng, Remonie Dabis, Francois Vandehende, Marie-Anne Perez-Hoyos, Santiago Jarrin, Inma Jose, Sophie Sabin, Caroline and Hernan, Miguel A. HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration
- Abstract
Background Recommendations have differed nationally and internationally with respect to the best time to start antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared effectiveness of three strategies for initiation of ART in high-income countries for HIV-positive individuals who do not have AIDS: immediate initiation, initiation at a CD4 count less than 500 cells per mu L, and initiation at a CD4 count less than 350 cells per mu L. Methods We used data from the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration of cohort studies in Europe and the USA. We included 55 826 individuals aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between January, 2000, and September, 2013, had not started ART, did not have AIDS, and had CD4 count and HIV-RNA viral load measurements within 6 months of HIV diagnosis. We estimated relative risks of death and of death or AIDS-defining illness, mean survival time, the proportion of individuals in need of ART, and the proportion of individuals with HIV-RNA viral load less than 50 copies per mL, as would have been recorded under each ART initiation strategy after 7 years of HIV diagnosis. We used the parametric g-formula to adjust for baseline and time-varying confounders. Findings Median CD4 count at diagnosis of HIV infection was 376 cells per mu L (IQR 222-551). Compared with immediate initiation, the estimated relative risk of death was 1.02 (95% CI 1.01-1.02) when ART was started at a CD4 count less than 500 cells per mu L, and 1.06 (1.04-1.08) with initiation at a CD4 count less than 350 cells per mu L. Corresponding estimates for death or AIDS-defining illness were 1.06 (1.06-1.07) and 1.20 (1.17-1.23), respectively. Compared with immediate initiation, the mean survival time at 7 years with a strategy of initiation at a CD4 count less than 500 cells per mu L was 2 days shorter (95% CI 1-2) and at a CD4 count less than 350 cells per mu L was 5 days shorter (4-6). 7 years after diagnosis of HIV, 100%, 98.7% (95% CI 98.6-98.7), and 92.6% (92.2-92.9) of individuals would have been in need of ART with immediate initiation, initiation at a CD4 count less than 500 cells per mu L, and initiation at a CD4 count less than 350 cells per mu L, respectively. Corresponding proportions of individuals with HIV-RNA viral load less than 50 copies per mL at 7 years were 87.3% (87.3-88.6), 87.4% (87.4-88.6), and 83.8% (83.6-84.9). Interpretation The benefits of immediate initiation of ART, such as prolonged survival and AIDS-free survival and increased virological suppression, were small in this high-income setting with relatively low CD4 count at HIV diagnosis. The estimated beneficial effect on AIDS is less than in recently reported randomised trials. Increasing rates of HIV testing might be as important as a policy of early initiation of ART.
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- 2015
41. BEYOND THE TYPICAL: Off-the-Path Parks We Think You’ll Love.
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OLSON, ASHLEY LYN, TILFORD, MATT, WRIGHT, KARY, and BYZEK, JOSIE
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On the banks of the Savannah shoreline, you can visit the still-standing Fort McAllister, Old Fort Jackson and Fort Pulaski and experience their eerie, ghostly vibes. Fort McAllister Historic State Park rests on Savage Island, just 10 miles south of Savannah, and the fort itself is situated on the banks of the Ogeechee River. Since Fort McAllister is a Georgia State Park, a fee is required and there's no discount for disabled visitors, despite limited access. When we disembarked from the trolley, we weren't exactly sure where General Washington's Headquarters was, since all we saw was an early 20th-century train station, a few huts and a modestly-sized stone house across a broad field that we learned was called the Isaac Potts House. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2020
42. Using observational data to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic treatment-switching strategies: an application to antiretroviral therapy
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Cain, Lauren E., Saag, Michael S., Petersen, Maya, May, Margaret T., Ingle, Suzanne M., Logan, Roger, Robins, James M., Abgrall, Sophie, Shepherd, Bryan E., Deeks, Steven G., Gill, M. John, Touloumi, Giota, Vourli, Georgia, Dabis, Francois, Vandenhende, Marie-Anne, Reiss, Peter, van Sighem, Ard, Samji, Hasina, Hogg, Robert S., Rybniker, Jan, Sabin, Caroline A., Jose, Sophie, del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Rodriguez, Benigno, Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Boswell, Stephen L., Stephan, Christoph, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Jarrin, Inma, Guest, Jodie L., Monforte, Antonella D'Arminio, Antinori, Andrea, Moore, Richard, Campbell, Colin N. J., Casabona, Jordi, Meyer, Laurence, Seng, Remonie, Phillips, Andrew N., Bucher, Heiner C., Egger, Matthias, Mugavero, Michael J., Haubrich, Richard, Geng, Elvin H., Olson, Ashley, Eron, Joseph J., Napravnik, Sonia, Kitahata, Mari M., Van Rompaey, Stephen E., Teira, Ramon, Justice, Amy C., Tate, Janet P., Costagliola, Dominique, Sterne, Jonathan A. C., Hernan, Miguel A., Cain, Lauren E., Saag, Michael S., Petersen, Maya, May, Margaret T., Ingle, Suzanne M., Logan, Roger, Robins, James M., Abgrall, Sophie, Shepherd, Bryan E., Deeks, Steven G., Gill, M. John, Touloumi, Giota, Vourli, Georgia, Dabis, Francois, Vandenhende, Marie-Anne, Reiss, Peter, van Sighem, Ard, Samji, Hasina, Hogg, Robert S., Rybniker, Jan, Sabin, Caroline A., Jose, Sophie, del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Rodriguez, Benigno, Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Boswell, Stephen L., Stephan, Christoph, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Jarrin, Inma, Guest, Jodie L., Monforte, Antonella D'Arminio, Antinori, Andrea, Moore, Richard, Campbell, Colin N. J., Casabona, Jordi, Meyer, Laurence, Seng, Remonie, Phillips, Andrew N., Bucher, Heiner C., Egger, Matthias, Mugavero, Michael J., Haubrich, Richard, Geng, Elvin H., Olson, Ashley, Eron, Joseph J., Napravnik, Sonia, Kitahata, Mari M., Van Rompaey, Stephen E., Teira, Ramon, Justice, Amy C., Tate, Janet P., Costagliola, Dominique, Sterne, Jonathan A. C., and Hernan, Miguel A.
- Abstract
Background: When a clinical treatment fails or shows suboptimal results, the question of when to switch to another treatment arises. Treatment switching strategies are often dynamic because the time of switching depends on the evolution of an individual's time-varying covariates. Dynamic strategies can be directly compared in randomized trials. For example, HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy could be randomized to switching therapy within 90 days of HIV-1 RNA crossing above a threshold of either 400 copies/ml (tight-control strategy) or 1000 copies/ml (loose-control strategy). Methods: We review an approach to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic switching strategies using observational data from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration. We estimated the comparative effect of tight-control vs. loose-control strategies on death and AIDS or death via inverse-probability weighting. Results: Of 43 803 individuals who initiated an eligible antiretroviral therapy regimen in 2002 or later, 2001 met the baseline inclusion criteria for the mortality analysis and 1641 for the AIDS or death analysis. There were 21 deaths and 33 AIDS or death events in the tight-control group, and 28 deaths and 41 AIDS or death events in the loose-control group. Compared with tight control, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for loose control were 1.10 (0.73, 1.66) for death, and 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) for AIDS or death. Conclusions: Although our effective sample sizes were small and our estimates imprecise, the described methodological approach can serve as an example for future analyses.
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- 2016
43. Efavirenz versus boosted atazanavir-containing regimens and immunologic, virologic, and clinical outcomes: A prospective study of HIV-positive individuals
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Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Cain, Lauren E.; Caniglia, Ellen C.; Phillips, Andrew; Olson, Ashley; Muga, Roberto; Perez-Hoyos, Santiago; Abgrall, Sophie; Costagliola, Dominique; Rubio, Rafael; Jarrin, Inma; Bucher, Heiner; Fehr, Jan; van Sighem, Ard; Reiss, Peter; Dabis, Francois; Vandenhende, Marie-Anne; Logan, Roger; Robins, James; Sterne, Jonathan A. C.; Justice, Amy; Tate, Janet; Touloumi, Giota; Paparizos, Vasilis; Esteve, Anna; Casabona, Jordi; Seng, Remonie; Meyer, Laurence; Jose, Sophie; Sabin, Caroline; Hernan, Miguel A.;HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Cain, Lauren E.; Caniglia, Ellen C.; Phillips, Andrew; Olson, Ashley; Muga, Roberto; Perez-Hoyos, Santiago; Abgrall, Sophie; Costagliola, Dominique; Rubio, Rafael; Jarrin, Inma; Bucher, Heiner; Fehr, Jan; van Sighem, Ard; Reiss, Peter; Dabis, Francois; Vandenhende, Marie-Anne; Logan, Roger; Robins, James; Sterne, Jonathan A. C.; Justice, Amy; Tate, Janet; Touloumi, Giota; Paparizos, Vasilis; Esteve, Anna; Casabona, Jordi; Seng, Remonie; Meyer, Laurence; Jose, Sophie; Sabin, Caroline; Hernan, Miguel A.;HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare regimens consisting of either ritonavir-boosted atazanavir or efavirenz and a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone with respect to clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Europe and the United States included in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration. METHODS: HIV-positive, antiretroviral therapy-naive, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free individuals were followed from the time they started an atazanavir or efavirenz regimen. We estimated an analog of the 'intention-to-treat' effect for efavirenz versus atazanavir regimens on clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes with adjustment via inverse probability weighting for time-varying covariates. RESULTS: A total of 4301 individuals started an atazanavir regimen (83 deaths, 157 AIDS-defining illnesses or deaths) and 18,786 individuals started an efavirenz regimen (389 deaths, 825 AIDS-defining illnesses or deaths). During a median follow-up of 31 months, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.98 (0.77, 1.24) for death and 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) for AIDS-defining illness or death comparing efavirenz with atazanavir regimens. The 5-year survival difference was 0.1% (95% confidence interval: -0.7%, 0.8%) and the AIDS-free survival difference was -0.3% (-1.2%, 0.6%). After 12 months, the mean change in CD4 cell count was 20.8 (95% confidence interval: 13.9, 27.8) cells/mm lower and the risk of virologic failure was 20% (14%, 26%) lower in the efavirenz regimens. CONCLUSION: Our estimates are consistent with a smaller 12-month increase in CD4 cell count, and a smaller risk of virologic failure at 12 months for efavirenz compared with atazanavir regimens. No overall diffe
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- 2016
44. Opportunistic infections and AIDS malignancies early after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries
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Lodi, Sara, Del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Bucher, Heiner C., Furrer, Hansjakob, Logan, Roger, Sterne, Jonathan, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Jarrín, Inma, Phillips, Andrew, Olson, Ashley, Van Sighem, Ard, Reiss, Peter, Sabin, Caroline, Jose, Sophie, Justice, Amy, Goulet, Joseph, Miró, José M., Ferrer, Elena, Meyer, Laurence, Seng, Rémonie, Vourli, Georgia, Antoniadou, Anastasia, Dabis, Francois, Vandenhede, Mari-Anne, Costagliola, Dominique, Abgrall, Sophie, Hernán, Miguel A., Hernan, Miguel, Bansi, L., Hill, T., Sabin, C., Anderson, J., Johnson, M., Kuijpers, T.W., Van Der Meer, J.T.M., Veenstra, J., Lettinga, K.D., Pronk, M.J.H., Sprenger, H.G., Doedens, R., Scholvinck, E.H., Van Assen, S., Bierman, W.F.W., Bont, L.J., Van Den Berge, M., Montolio, F., Lim, J., Saeed, A.M., Wallis, F., and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)
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cryptococcosis ,opportunistic infection ,Herpes simplex virus ,acquired immune deficiency syndrome ,progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,male ,virus infection ,Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ,follow up ,human ,Inverse probability weighting ,outcome assessment ,nonhodgkin lymphoma ,antiretrovirus agent ,Cytomegalovirus retinitis ,Incidence ,adult ,article ,virus diseases ,HIV ,CD4 lymphocyte count ,Kaposi sarcoma ,highly active antiretroviral therapy ,candidiasis ,major clinical study ,female ,tuberculosis ,Unmasking - Abstract
Background: There is little information on the incidence of AIDS-defining events which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation. These events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cryptococcosis and candidiasis.Methods: We identified individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, which includes data from six European countries and the US, who were HIV-positive between 1996 and 2013, antiretroviral therapy naive, aged at least 18 years, hadCD4+cell count and HIV-RNA measurements and had been AIDS-free for at least 1 month between those measurements and the start of follow-up. For each AIDS-defining event, we estimated the hazard ratio for no cART versus less than 3 and at least 3 months since cART initiation, adjusting for time-varying CD4+cell count and HIV-RNA via inverse probability weighting.Results: Out of 96 562 eligible individuals (78% men) with median (interquantile range) follow-up of 31 [13,65] months, 55 144 initiated cART. The number of cases varied between 898 for tuberculosis and 113 for PML. Compared with non-cART initiation, the hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) up to 3 months after cART initiation were 1.21 (0.90-1.63) for tuberculosis, 2.61 (1.05-6.49) for MAC, 1.17 (0.34-4.08) for CMV retinitis, 1.18 (0.62-2.26) for PML, 1.21 (0.83-1.75) for HSV, 1.18 (0.87-1.58) for Kaposi sarcoma, 1.56 (0.82-2.95) for NHL, 1.11 (0.56-2.18) for cryptococcosis and 0.77 (0.40-1.49) for candidiasis.Conclusion: With the potential exception of mycobacterial infections, unmasking IRIS does not appear to be a common complication of cART initiation in high-income countries.
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- 2014
45. Opportunistic infections and AIDS malignancies early after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries
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The HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, Lodi, Sara, del Amo, Julia, Moreno, Santiago, Bucher, Heiner C, Furrer, Hansjakob, Logan, Roger, Sterne, Jonathan, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Jarrín, Inma, Phillips, Andrew, Olson, Ashley, van Sighem, Ard, Reiss, Peter, Sabin, Caroline, Jose, Sophie, Justice, Amy, Goulet, Joseph, Miró, José M, Ferrer, Elena, Meyer, Laurence, Seng, Rémonie, Vourli, Georgia, Antoniadou, Anastasia, Dabis, Francois, Vandenhede, Mari-Anne, Costagliola, Dominique, Abgrall, Sophie, and Hernán, Miguel A
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Lymphoma ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,HIV Infections ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Young Adult ,Rare Diseases ,Neoplasms ,Virology ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Genetics ,Humans ,Tuberculosis ,Highly Active ,unmasking ,Aged ,Cancer ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Incidence ,Developed Countries ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,virus diseases ,HIV ,Hematology ,Middle Aged ,Biological Sciences ,immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ,United States ,Europe ,Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,Infection ,inverse probability weighting - Abstract
BackgroundThere is little information on the incidence of AIDS-defining events which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation. These events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cryptococcosis and candidiasis.MethodsWe identified individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, which includes data from six European countries and the US, who were HIV-positive between 1996 and 2013, antiretroviral therapy naive, aged at least 18 years, had CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA measurements and had been AIDS-free for at least 1 month between those measurements and the start of follow-up. For each AIDS-defining event, we estimated the hazard ratio for no cART versus less than 3 and at least 3 months since cART initiation, adjusting for time-varying CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA via inverse probability weighting.ResultsOut of 96 562 eligible individuals (78% men) with median (interquantile range) follow-up of 31 [13,65] months, 55 144 initiated cART. The number of cases varied between 898 for tuberculosis and 113 for PML. Compared with non-cART initiation, the hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) up to 3 months after cART initiation were 1.21 (0.90-1.63) for tuberculosis, 2.61 (1.05-6.49) for MAC, 1.17 (0.34-4.08) for CMV retinitis, 1.18 (0.62-2.26) for PML, 1.21 (0.83-1.75) for HSV, 1.18 (0.87-1.58) for Kaposi sarcoma, 1.56 (0.82-2.95) for NHL, 1.11 (0.56-2.18) for cryptococcosis and 0.77 (0.40-1.49) for candidiasis.ConclusionWith the potential exception of mycobacterial infections, unmasking IRIS does not appear to be a common complication of cART initiation in high-income countries.
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- 2014
46. Characterisation of long-term non-progression of HIV-1 infection after seroconversion: a cohort study
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van der Helm, Jannie J. Geskus, Ronald Lodi, Sara Meyer, Laurence Schuitemaker, Hanneke Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, Barbara and Monforte, Antonella d'Arminio Olson, Ashley Touloumi, Giota and Sabin, Caroline Porter, Kholoud Prins, Maria CASCADE Collaboration EuroCoord
- Abstract
Background Some individuals remain AIDS-free with a high and stable CD4 cell count without antiretroviral therapy (ART) for many years. We estimated long-term progression-free survival after HIV seroconversion and aimed to identify factors associated with loss of long-term non-progression (LTNP) status. Methods For this cohort study, we used data for individuals with well-estimated dates of HIV-1 seroconversion from the CASCADE Collaboration a network of 28 HIV seroconverter cohort studies in Europe, Australia, Canada, and sub-Saharan Africa. The first cohort began enrolling patients in 1979, and for this analysis we used data pooled in May 1, 2011. We defined non-progression as being HIV-positive without AIDS, ART-naive, and with CD4 counts of 500 cells per mu L or higher. We defined LTNP as non-progression during the first 10 years after seroconversion. We used longitudinal methods to characterise LTNP. Findings Of the 4979 HIV seroconverters in our dataset, 3708 (75%) were men. Median time to progression was 2.07 years (95% CI 1.96-2.17), giving estimated progression-free survivals of 18.4% (17.2-19.6) 5 years, 4.0% (3.6-4.5) 10 years, and 1.4% (0.9-1.5) 15 years after seroconversion. The rate of progression did not change beyond 10 years after seroconversion (0.28 [95% CI 0.26-0.31] per person-year at 10 years after seroconversion, 0.24 [0.19-0.29] per person-year at 15 years, and 0.18 [0.10-0.33] per person-year at 20 years). At 10 years since HIV seroconversion, 283 individuals had LTNP, of whom 202 subsequently lost this status (median time to loss of status 2.49 years [2.05-2.92]). In univariable analyses, loss of LTNP status was associated with CD4 cell count at 10 years after seroconversion (p
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- 2014
47. Evaluation of Rapid Progressors in HIV Infection as an Extreme Phenotype
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Olson, Ashley D., Guiguet, Marguerite, Zangerle, Robert, Gill, John, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Lodi, Sara, Ghosn, Jade, Dorrucci, Maria, Johnson, Anne, Sannes, Mette, Moreno, Santiago, Porter, Kholoud, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, Infectious diseases, Other departments, Experimental Immunology, and Global Health
- Abstract
Design: Rapid CD4 cell loss represents an HIV phenotype used to identify causal variants of accelerated disease progression. The optimal rate and threshold for identifying this extreme phenotype in recently infected individuals is unclear. Methods: Using a cohort of patients with known dates of HIV-1 seroconversion (SC), CASCADE (Concerted Action on SeroConversion on AIDS and Death in Europe), we identified proportions experiencing nadir CD4 cell levels within 1 year of SC, and assessed their mean AIDS-free survival time at 10-year follow-up and hazard of AIDS/death, compared with those whose CD4 remained >500 cells per cubic millimeter. Follow-up was censored at December 31, 1996 to avoid bias due to combination antiretroviral therapy initiation. Results: Of 4876 individuals, 2.8%, 7.3%, and 24.9% experienced >= 1 CD4,100, 200, and 350 cells per cubic millimeter, respectively, within 1 year of SC. Minimum CD4 levels of 30, 166, 231, and 506 cells per cubic millimeter were experienced during this period by 1%, 5%, 10%, and 50% of individuals, respectively. Mean (95% confidence interval) AIDS-free survival at 10 years follow-up was 2.9 (2.3 to 3.6), 5.5 (5.0 to 6.1), 6.7 (6.5 to 7.0), 7.4 (7.2 to 7.6), and 8.1 (7.9 to 8.3), for those with minimum counts 500 cells per cubic millimeter, respectively. Using counts of >500 cells per cubic millimeter as reference, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of AIDS/death were 15.0 (11.9 to 18.9), 3.6 (2.9 to 4.5), 2.1 (1.8 to 2.4), and 1.5 (1.3 to 1.7), respectively. The hazard ratio increased to 37.5 (26.5 to 53.1) when a minimum CD4 count
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- 2014
48. SEDONA: From Stunning to Supernatural.
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OLSON, ASHLEY LYN
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- 2019
49. Immunodeficiency at the Start of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
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Olson, Ashley D., primary, Turkova, Anna, additional, and Szubert, Alexander J., additional
- Published
- 2015
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50. The importance of viral blips and duration of therapy initiated in primary infection in maintaining viral control after stopping cART
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Fidler, Sarah, primary, Olson, Ashley, additional, Fox, Julie, additional, Phillips, Andrew, additional, Morrison, Charles, additional, Thornhill, John, additional, Bucher, Heiner, additional, Muga, Roberto, additional, and Porter, Kholoud, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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