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2. More than smell – COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis

Author

Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Domínguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, KL, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie DC, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William EA, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D’Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper HB, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Dalton, Pamela, Yan, Carol H, Voznessenskaya, Vera V, Chen, Jingguo, Sell, Elizabeth A, and Walsh-Messinger, Julie

Subjects
Neurosciences, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Clinical Research, Adult, Aged, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Olfaction Disorders, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Smell, Somatosensory Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Taste, Taste Disorders, Young Adult, head and neck surgery, olfaction, somatosensation, GCCR Group Author, Biological Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

Published
2020

3. An olfactory self-test effectively screens for COVID-19

Author

Snitz, Kobi, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Perl, Ofer, Karagach, Shiri, Medhanie, Abebe, Harel, Nir, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Poo, Cindy, Bonacchi, Niccolò, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Lundström, Johan N., and Sobel, Noam

Published
2022
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5. Learners' Self-evaluation of Rubric in the Practice of General Education in Informatics: Focusing on the Online Class Experience and the Difference in Academic Fields

Author

Sakai, Hiroyuki, Okamoto, Masako, and Kita, Hajime

Subjects
online education, general informatics education, 一般情報教育, 演習, rubric, ルーブリック, self-evaluation, practice class, 自己評価, オンライン授業
Abstract

本稿では，2020年度後期に開講した一般情報教育の演習科目において，受講者に対して実施した本科目のルーブリックの自己評価の結果を用いて受講前後の比較および前年度との比較を行い，後期の授業を通じた受講者の知識やスキルの変化を検証した．また，文系学部学生を対象に前期に開講された科目の結果との比較を行い理系・文系の分野の違いやオンライン授業の経験の有無について考察を行った．その結果，2020年度後期の授業実践において，受講前後のルーブリックの自己評価の得点が有意に増加したこと，前年度の結果との比較において受講後の得点が向上したことを確認した．また，前年度との結果の比較において，受講前後における各項目の得点の差異がオンライン授業への移行やその経験が得点の変化に寄与している可能性が示唆された．さらに，2020年度の前期と後期の結果の比較において，ルーブリックの各項目の受講前後の得点および得点の伸びの差について，オンライン授業の受講の有無や文系・理系の分野の違いが得点に影響を与える可能性が示唆された．, This research reports the improvement in learners' knowledge and skills through the practical course of basic informatics using the rubric. The learners' self-evaluation responses were collected for pre-and-post course in the fall semester of 2020. Academic fields and online class experience were discussed by comparing the results of the classes in 2019 with those of different target learners in the spring semester of 2020. Consequently, the authors confirmed that the average self-evaluation score significantly increased after the coursework during the fall semester of 2020. Moreover, the average score increased compared to the previous year's classes, which were conducted face-to-face. Compared to the results in 2019, the score improvement in 2020 might have been caused by the online class experience in the fall semester. Compared to the spring semester, the results for each rubric item suggested that the online class experience and the difference in the academic field might have affected the average score of self-assessment.

Published
2022

6. A Practice and Consideration of Online Class for Computer Programming in COVID-19

Author

Okamoto, Masako

Subjects
初学者, online education, プログラミング, 演習, コロナ禍, COVID-19, practice class, programming, novices, オンライン授業
Abstract

京都大学では，2020年3月，コロナ禍における対策として，ほとんどすべての対面授業をオンライン受講できるよう対策するとの方針を示した．本稿では，こうした状況下において実施した演習型プログラミング授業について，その実践例を報告するとともに，2019年に実施した従来型の対面授業と比較し，演習型授業のオンライン化における課題や問題点などについて考察した．その結果，オンライン授業では，授業の前半でつまずく受講者が多く見られたが，授業の後半では課題のプログラムを完成することができた割合が高かった．オンライン授業では，受講者が授業時間内にチャットで積極的に質問して，個々の疑問点を解消していたことが推察された．一方，対面授業では，授業の後半でつまずく受講者が多く見られており，授業中に質問しなかった（できなかった）受講生がいた可能性が浮かび上がった．, Due to the need to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 in March 2020, Kyoto University has been requested to offer online classes. Therefore, it has become necessary to shift from face-to-face classes to online classes. In this paper, a practical example of programming class is reported. Additionally, in this study, problems and issues in online classes are discussed by comparing with previous face-to-face classes in 2019. As a result, in the online class, many students failed in the first half of the class, but a high percentage of them were able to complete the assigned program in the second half of the class. It was assumed that the students actively asked questions via chat during the class session to resolve their individual issues. On the other hand, in the face-to-face class, many students appeared to falter in the latter half of the class, suggesting the possibility that some students did not (or could not) ask questions during the class.

Published
2022

9. Programming Practice Python 2023

Author

Kita, Hajime, Morimura, Yoshitaka, Okamoto, Masako, Kita, Hajime, Morimura, Yoshitaka, and Okamoto, Masako

Published
2023

10. Mere end lugtesans - COVID-19 er associeret med svær påvirkning af lugtesansen, smagssansen og mundfølelsen

Author

Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D’Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Dalton, Pamela, Yan, Carol H, Voznessenskaya, Vera V, Chen, Jingguo, Sell, Elizabeth A, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S, Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S Craig, Yanık, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Nováková, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T, Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K, Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Razzaghi-Asl, Sara, Justice, Jeb M, Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, Indústries Alimentàries, Qualitat i Tecnologia Alimentària, Tecnologia Alimentària, Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Mersin University, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), AbScent, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), University of Edinburgh, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR), Università degli Studi 'Magna Graecia' di Catanzaro = University of Catanzaro (UMG), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Groupement scientifique de Biologie et de Medecine Spatiale (GSBMS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), San Diego State University (SDSU), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield] (UH), Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), Neurosciences Sensorielles Comportement Cognition, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Turku, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Medical Science University, Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), DreamAir Llc, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Oregon State University (OSU), Ear Institute, UCL, Lyon Neuroscience Research center, Karunya University, Biruni University, Assi Sette Llaghi Varese, Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA), Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute for Biology - Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Howard University College of Medicine, Towson University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Proteomics, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Stockholm University, University of Gastronomic Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, University of Tennessee, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Guangzhou Medical University, Buenos Aires University and GEOG (Grupo de Estudio de Olfato y Gusto), Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Federal University of Technology of Akure (FUTA), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Dayton, CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], University of Stirling, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano [Buenos Aires, Argentina], Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences [Tehran] (IPM), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Terrazas del Club Hipico, University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia] (UMCL), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bangalore], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University., Julien, Sabine, Tıp Fakültesi, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Department of Food and Nutrition, Senses and Food, Research Center Jülich, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Università degli Studi 'Magna Graecia' di Catanzaro [Catanzaro, Italie] (UMG), University of Extremadura, University of Padova, Yale University School of Medicine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, University of Helsinki, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], University of California San Diego Health, University of Brussels, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, University of São Paulo (USP), UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, FSE Campus Venlo, and RS: FSE UCV

Subjects
Male, Taste, Physiology, Smagstab, Audiology, AcademicSubjects/SCI01180, Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, RATINGS, Hyposmia, Surveys and Questionnaires, CHEMOSENSITIVITY, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Viral, PALADAR, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, media_common, TASTE, US NATIONAL-HEALTH, [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Middle Aged, Biological Sciences, 16. Peace & justice, Sensory Systems, 3. Good health, Smell, GCCR Group Author, ddc:540, Smell loss, Female, Original Article, medicine.symptom, Corrigendum, Coronavirus Infections, olfaction, Adult, somatosensation, medicine.medical_specialty, 663/664, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), OLFACTORY DISORDERS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), media_common.quotation_subject, Pneumonia, Viral, head and neck surgery, Aged, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Somatosensory Disorders, Young Adult, Anosmia, Sensory system, Olfaction, 03 medical and health sciences, Chemesthesis, Physiology (medical), Perception, medicine, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Behaviour Change and Well-being, business.industry, R-PACKAGE, 3112 Neurosciences, Pneumonia, Parosmia, COMPONENT, Smagssans, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sensoriek en eetgedrag, chemistry, Lugtetab, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Lugtesans
Abstract

Correction: Chemical Senses, Volume 46, 2021, bjab050, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjab050 Published: 08 December 2021 Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change +/- 100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 +/- 28.7, mean +/- standard deviation), taste (-69.0 +/- 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 +/- 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis.The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

Published
2020
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Author

Sakai, Hiroyuki, Okamoto, Masako, Kita, Hajime, 50736783, 20195241, Sakai, Hiroyuki, Okamoto, Masako, Kita, Hajime, 50736783, and 20195241

Abstract

This research reports the improvement in learners' knowledge and skills through the practical course of basic informatics using the rubric. The learners' self-evaluation responses were collected for pre-and-post course in the fall semester of 2020. Academic fields and online class experience were discussed by comparing the results of the classes in 2019 with those of different target learners in the spring semester of 2020. Consequently, the authors confirmed that the average self-evaluation score significantly increased after the coursework during the fall semester of 2020. Moreover, the average score increased compared to the previous year's classes, which were conducted face-to-face. Compared to the results in 2019, the score improvement in 2020 might have been caused by the online class experience in the fall semester. Compared to the spring semester, the results for each rubric item suggested that the online class experience and the difference in the academic field might have affected the average score of self-assessment.

Published
2022

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Author

Okamoto, Masako, 50736783, Okamoto, Masako, and 50736783

Abstract

Due to the need to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 in March 2020, Kyoto University has been requested to offer online classes. Therefore, it has become necessary to shift from face-to-face classes to online classes. In this paper, a practical example of programming class is reported. Additionally, in this study, problems and issues in online classes are discussed by comparing with previous face-to-face classes in 2019. As a result, in the online class, many students failed in the first half of the class, but a high percentage of them were able to complete the assigned program in the second half of the class. It was assumed that the students actively asked questions via chat during the class session to resolve their individual issues. On the other hand, in the face-to-face class, many students appeared to falter in the latter half of the class, suggesting the possibility that some students did not (or could not) ask questions during the class.

Published
2022

14. Corrigendum to: More than smell: COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis

Author

Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B., Gerkin, Richard C., Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N., Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Van Den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, De Groot, Jasper H.B., Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W., Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Dalton, Pamela, Yan, Carol H., Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Chen, Jingguo, Sell, Elizabeth A., Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S., Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S.C., Yanlk, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Nováková, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T., Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K., Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Razzaghi-Asl, Sara, Justice, Jeb M., Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D., Hayes, John E., UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, and UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Sensoriek en eetgedrag, Behaviour Change and Well-being, Physiology, Physiology (medical), ddc:540, Life Science, Sensory Systems, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, VLAG
Abstract

This is a correction notice for article bjaa041 (DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041), published 20 June 2020. An incorrect version of the caption to Figure 5 was mistakenly included in the published paper. An updated version is given below. Neither the data nor the paper's conclusions were affected by this correction. The authors sincerely apologize for the error. (A) Correlations between the 3 principal components with respect to changes in 3 chemosensory modalities (i.e., taste, smell, and chemesthesis). Shades of gray indicate positive correlation, whereas shades of red indicate negative correlations. White denotes no correlation. (B) Clusters of participants identified by k-means clustering. The scatterplot shows each participant's loading on dimension 1 (degree of smell and taste loss, PC1 on x-Axis) and dimension 2 (degree of chemesthesis loss, PC2 on y-Axis). Based on the centroid of each cluster, participants in cluster 1 (blue, N = 1767; top left) are generally characterized by significant smell, taste and chemesthesis loss. Participants in cluster 2 (orange, N = 1724; bottom center) are generally characterized by ratings that reflect smell/taste loss with preserved chemesthesis. Loadings for participants in cluster 3 (green, N = 548; right side) are generally characterized by reduced smell and taste loss, and preserved chemesthesis.

Published
2021
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15. Programming Practice Python 2021

Author

Kita, Hajime, Morimura, Yoshitaka, Okamoto, Masako, Kita, Hajime, Morimura, Yoshitaka, and Okamoto, Masako

Published
2021

17. Corrigendum to: More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis.

Author

UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, and Hayes, John E

Abstract

This is a correction notice for article bjaa041 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041), published 20 June 2020. An incorrect version of the caption to Figure 5 was mistakenly included in the published paper. An updated version is given below. Neither the data nor the paper’s conclusions were affected by this correction. The authors sincerely apologize for the error.

Published
2021

20. The genome sequence and structure of rice chromosome 1

Author

Sasaki, Takuji, Matsumoto, Takashi, Yamamoto, Kimiko, Sakata, Katsumi, Baba, Tomoya, Katayose, Yuichi, Wu, Jianzhong, Niimura, Yoshihito, Cheng, Zhukuan, Nagamura, Yoshiaki, Antonio, Baltazar A., Kanamori, Hiroyuki, Hosokawa, Satomi, Masukawa, Masatoshi, Arikawa, Koji, Chiden, Yoshino, Hayashi, Mika, Okamoto, Masako, Ando, Tsuyu, Aoki, Hiroyoshi, Arita, Kohei, Hamada, Masao, Harada, Chizuko, Hijishita, Saori, Honda, Mikiko, Ichikawa, Yoko, Idonuma, Atsuko, Iijima, Masumi, Ikeda, Michiko, Ikeno, Maiko, Ito, Sachie, Ito, Tomoko, Ito, Yuichi, Ito, Yukiyo, Iwabuchi, Aki, Kamiya, Kozue, Karasawa, Wataru, Katagiri, Satoshi, Kikuta, Ari, Kobayashi, Noriko, Kono, Izumi, Machita, Kayo, Maehara, Tomoko, Mizuno, Hiroshi, Mizubayashi, Tatsumi, Mukai, Yoshiyuki, Nagasaki, Hideki, Nakashima, Marina, Nakama, Yuko, Nakamichi, Yumi, Nakamura, Mari, Namiki, Nobukazu, Negishi, Manami, Ohta, Isamu, Ono, Nozomi, Saji, Shoko, Sakai, Kumiko, Shibata, Michie, Shimokawa, Takanori, Shomura, Ayahiko, Song, Jianyu, Takazaki, Yuka, Terasawa, Kimihiro, Tsuji, Kumiko, Waki, Kazunori, Yamagata, Harumi, Yamane, Hiroko, Yoshiki, Shoji, Yoshihara, Rie, Yukawa, Kazuko, Zhong, Huisun, Iwama, Hisakazu, Endo, Toshinori, Ito, Hidetaka, Hahn, Jang Ho, Kim, Ho-Il, Eun, Moo-Young, Yano, Masahiro, Jiang, Jiming, and Gojobori, Takashi

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Takuji Sasaki (corresponding author) [1]; Takashi Matsumoto [1]; Kimiko Yamamoto [1]; Katsumi Sakata [1]; Tomoya Baba [1]; Yuichi Katayose [1]; Jianzhong Wu [1]; Yoshihito Niimura [2]; Zhukuan Cheng [3]; [...]

Published
2002
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21. Corrigendum to: Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population

Author

Iravani, Behzad, primary, Arshamian, Artin, primary, Ravia, Aharon, primary, Mishor, Eva, primary, Snitz, Kobi, primary, Shushan, Sagit, primary, Roth, Yehudah, primary, Perl, Ofer, primary, Honigstein, Danielle, primary, Weissgross, Reut, primary, Karagach, Shiri, primary, Ernst, Gernot, primary, Okamoto, Masako, primary, Mainen, Zachary, primary, Monteleone, Erminio, primary, Dinnella, Caterina, primary, Spinelli, Sara, primary, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, primary, Ferdenzi, Camille, primary, Smeets, Monique, primary, Touhara, Kazushige, primary, Bensafi, Moustafa, primary, Hummel, Thomas, primary, Sobel, Noam, primary, and Lundström, Johan N, primary

Published
2020
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22. Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population

Author

Iravani, Behzad, primary, Arshamian, Artin, primary, Ravia, Aharon, primary, Mishor, Eva, primary, Snitz, Kobi, primary, Shushan, Sagit, primary, Roth, Yehudah, primary, Perl, Ofer, primary, Honigstein, Danielle, primary, Weissgross, Reut, primary, Karagach, Shiri, primary, Ernst, Gernot, primary, Okamoto, Masako, primary, Mainen, Zachary, primary, Monteleone, Erminio, primary, Dinnella, Caterina, primary, Spinelli, Sara, primary, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, primary, Ferdenzi, Camille, primary, Smeets, Monique, primary, Touhara, Kazushige, primary, Bensafi, Moustafa, primary, Hummel, Thomas, primary, Sobel, Noam, primary, and Lundström, Johan N, primary

Published
2020
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23. A novel bacterial ATP-binding cassette transporter system that allows uptake of macromolecules

Author

Momma, Keiko, Okamoto, Masako, Mishima, Yumiko, Mori, Shigetarou, Hashimoto, Wataru, and Murata, Kousaku

Subjects
Bacteriology -- Research, Adenosine triphosphate -- Research, Macromolecules -- Research, Gram-negative bacteria -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research has been conducted on the gram-negative bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain A1 that forms a mouth-like pit on its surface. Results suggest the existence of the pit-dependent ABC transporter system that allows macromolecule uptake.

Published
2000

25. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author

Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, and Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour

Abstract

This is a correction notice for article bjz034 (DOI: https://doi. org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa034), published on 22 May 2020. Due to an error in the script used to create subsections of Figure 1, there was both a shift in the intensity data and an erroneous calculation of error bars in all panels. Figure 1 and the accompanying figure legend have been revised to show the correct levels and error bars. This script error only affected visualization of the data in Figure 1 and did not impact the reported data or conclusions.(Figure Presented).

Published
2020

26. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author

Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Abstract

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a stepwise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide the decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r = −0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and the number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance.These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before widespread testing can be facilitated.

Published
2020

27. More than just smell - COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis

Author

Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Domínguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Pizio, Antonella Di, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Fialov, Jitka Trebická, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, KL, Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Brink, Mirjam van den, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph.S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Dalton, Pamela, Freiherr, Jessica, Yan, Carol H., Groot, Jasper H. B. de, Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Klein, Hadar, Chen, Jingguo, Okamoto, Masako, Sell, Elizabeth A., Singh, Preet Bano, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S., Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S. Craig, Yanik, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Novákov, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T., Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K., Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Asl, Sara Razzaghi, Justice, Jeb M., Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven, Hayes, John E, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Domínguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Pizio, Antonella Di, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Fialov, Jitka Trebická, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, KL, Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Brink, Mirjam van den, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph.S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Dalton, Pamela, Freiherr, Jessica, Yan, Carol H., Groot, Jasper H. B. de, Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Klein, Hadar, Chen, Jingguo, Okamoto, Masako, Sell, Elizabeth A., Singh, Preet Bano, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S., Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S. Craig, Yanik, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Novákov, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T., Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K., Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Asl, Sara Razzaghi, Justice, Jeb M., Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven, and Hayes, John E

Abstract

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, generally lacked quantitative measurements, and were mostly restricted to data from single countries. Here, we report the development, implementation and initial results of a multi-lingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in three distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, 8 other, ages 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7±28.7, mean±SD), taste (-69.0±32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3±36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell, but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This work was supported financially with discretionary funds from the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), including a gift from James and Helen Zallie g

Published
2020

28. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author

Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Published
2020

29. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author

Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Published
2020

30. More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis.

Author

UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, and Hayes, John E

Abstract

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

Published
2020

31. Physical maps and recombination frequency of six rice chromosomes

Author

Wu, Jianzhong, Mizuno, Hiroshi, Hayashi-Tsugane, Mika, Ito, Yukiyo, Chiden, Yoshino, Fujisawa, Masaki, Katagiri, Satoshi, Saji, Shoko, Yoshiki, Shoji, Karasawa, Wataru, Yoshihara, Rie, Hayashi, Akiko, Kobayashi, Harumi, Ito, Kazue, Hamada, Masao, Okamoto, Masako, Ikeno, Maiko, Ichikawa, Yoko, Katayose, Yuichi, Yano, Masahiro, Matsumoto, Takashi, and Sasaki, Takuji

Published
2003

32. <IV>ICTの教育的活用

Author

Tosa, Naoko, Sakai, Hiroyuki, Taguchi, Mana, Okumoto, Motoko, Tanaka, Ikko, Okamoto, Masako, and Goto, Takayuki

Abstract

1. オープンコースウェア（OCW）, 2. 大規模オープンオンライン講義（MOOC), 3. 教育コンテンツ活用推進委員会, 4. Mutual Online System for Teaching & Leaning （MOST)

Published
2016

33. Health numeracy in Japan: measures of basic numeracy account for framing bias in a highly numerate population

Author

Okamoto Masako, Kyutoku Yasushi, Sawada Manabu, Clowney Lester, Watanabe Eiju, Dan Ippeita, and Kawamoto Keiko

Subjects
Risk communications, Patient empowerment, Patient education, Risk perception, Decision making, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Abstract Background Health numeracy is an important factor in how well people make decisions based on medical risk information. However, in many countries, including Japan, numeracy studies have been limited. Methods To fill this gap, we evaluated health numeracy levels in a sample of Japanese adults by translating two well-known scales that objectively measure basic understanding of math and probability: the 3-item numeracy scale developed by Schwartz and colleagues (the Schwartz scale) and its expanded version, the 11-item numeracy scale developed by Lipkus and colleagues (the Lipkus scale). Results Participants’ performances (n = 300) on the scales were much higher than in original studies conducted in the United States (80% average item-wise correct response rate for Schwartz-J, and 87% for Lipkus-J). This high performance resulted in a ceiling effect on the distributions of both scores, which made it difficult to apply parametric statistical analysis, and limited the interpretation of statistical results. Nevertheless, the data provided some evidence for the reliability and validity of these scales: The reliability of the Japanese versions (Schwartz-J and Lipkus-J) was comparable to the original in terms of their internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.53 for Schwartz-J and 0.72 for Lipkus-J). Convergent validity was suggested by positive correlations with an existing Japanese health literacy measure (the Test for Ability to Interpret Medical Information developed by Takahashi and colleagues) that contains some items relevant to numeracy. Furthermore, as shown in the previous studies, health numeracy was still associated with framing bias with individuals whose Lipkus-J performance was below the median being significantly influenced by how probability was framed when they rated surgical risks. A significant association was also found using Schwartz-J, which consisted of only three items. Conclusions Despite relatively high levels of health numeracy according to these scales, numeracy measures are still important determinants underlying susceptibility to framing bias. This suggests that it is important in Japan to identify individuals with low numeracy skills so that risk information can be presented in a way that enables them to correctly understand it. Further investigation is required on effective numeracy measures for such an intervention in Japan.

Published
2012
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35. Lin4Neuro: a customized Linux distribution ready for neuroimaging analysis

Author

Yamashita Fumio, Okamoto Masako, Tsuzuki Daisuke, Ohnishi Takashi, Rorden Christopher, Dan Ippeita, Nemoto Kiyotaka, and Asada Takashi

Subjects
Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract

Abstract Background A variety of neuroimaging software packages have been released from various laboratories worldwide, and many researchers use these packages in combination. Though most of these software packages are freely available, some people find them difficult to install and configure because they are mostly based on UNIX-like operating systems. We developed a live USB-bootable Linux package named "Lin4Neuro." This system includes popular neuroimaging analysis tools. The user interface is customized so that even Windows users can use it intuitively. Results The boot time of this system was only around 40 seconds. We performed a benchmark test of inhomogeneity correction on 10 subjects of three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI scans. The processing speed of USB-booted Lin4Neuro was as fast as that of the package installed on the hard disk drive. We also installed Lin4Neuro on a virtualization software package that emulates the Linux environment on a Windows-based operation system. Although the processing speed was slower than that under other conditions, it remained comparable. Conclusions With Lin4Neuro in one's hand, one can access neuroimaging software packages easily, and immediately focus on analyzing data. Lin4Neuro can be a good primer for beginners of neuroimaging analysis or students who are interested in neuroimaging analysis. It also provides a practical means of sharing analysis environments across sites.

Published
2011
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37. <Papers>Analysis of Missteps in Shakyo-Style Learning of Computer Programming and Improvement of Learning Material : Support and Design for Self-Sustaining Work Performance and Understanding through Work

Author

OKAMOTO, Masako, MURAKAMI, Masayuki, YOSHIKAWA, Naoto, and KITA, Hajime

Subjects
プログラミング教材, 初学者, shakyo-style learning, 写経型学習, 事例学習, つまずき, example-based learning, novices, computer programming materials, missteps
Abstract

This paper defines "shakyo-style learning" as the learning of computer programming by mimicking input according to sample programs, running them and ensuring their outcome. We developed shakyo-style learning material based on missteps found in the process used by novices in learning computer programming; we then evaluated it in an undergraduate computer literacy course. As a result, we found that learning material with documented in-detail work instructions for the programming process worked well among novices. Additionally, through smoothed work in learning, this learning process had strong implications for understanding the concepts in computer programming.

Published
2013

38. An Approach of Flipped Classroom for Programming

Author

Kita, Hajime and Okamoto, Masako

Abstract

初学者に対するプログラミング教育は数多くの研究が進められてはいるが，実際にはさまざまな難しさを抱えている．とりわけ大学でのプログラミング教育は教育の質保証の観点から授業のみならず授業時間外学習の設計が重要である．授業と授業時間外の学習をより効果的なものとする手法として近年，反転授業が注目されている．本報告ではプログラミング教育の視点から反転学習を考えるとともに筆者らの実践を紹介する．, AXIES: 大学ICT推進協議会 2016年度 年次大会

Published
2016

39. 写経型プログラミング学習と反転授業

Author

Kita, Hajime and Okamoto, Masako

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION
Abstract

In learning of computer programming by novices, typing example programs and executing them can be seen as a common practice. The authors paid attention to this practice by naming `Shakyo-style learning' and discussed supporting methods to make this practice smooth. They also carried out practices of teaching computer programming asking learners to carry on this practice in parallel to learning of how programs work, and how to construct programs for particular tasks. Recently, learning outside class hours has been required more explicitly in teaching with background of quality assurance of teaching. `Flipped classroom' attracts attention as a concept to improve such teaching. In courses of teaching computer programming with practice, `Shakyo-style learning' within class hours has some difficulty due to differences in speed and accuracy of typing by learners. On the other hand, to carrying on it outside class hours is rather easier than to attack programming tasks independently. This paper discusses a course design of 'ipped classroom' type for programming which asks `Shakyo-style learning' as an activity outside class hours., 2016.5.25(水)-27(金), 京都テルサ. (セッション名: 学習活動におけるコンピュータ利用の展望)

Published
2016

40. Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Altered Event-Related Potentials in the Late Stages of Olfactory Processing.

Author

Okumura, Toshiki, Kumazaki, Hirokazu, Singh, Archana K, Touhara, Kazushige, and Okamoto, Masako

Abstract

Atypical sensory reactivities are pervasive among people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). With respect to olfaction, most previous studies have used psychophysical or questionnaire-based methodologies; thus, the neural basis of olfactory processing in ASD remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the stages of olfactory processing that are altered in ASD. Fourteen young adults with high-functioning ASD (mean age, 21 years; 3 females) were compared with 19 age-matched typically developing (TD) controls (mean age, 21 years; 4 females). Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) for 2-phenylethyl alcohol—a rose-like odor—were measured with 64 scalp electrodes while participants performed a simple odor detection task. Significant group differences in OERPs were found in 3 time windows 542 ms after the stimulus onset. The cortical source activities in these time windows, estimated using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography, were significantly higher in ASD than in TD in and around the posterior cingulate cortex, which is known to play a crucial role in modality-general cognitive processing. Supplemental Bayesian analysis provided substantial evidence for an alteration in the later stages of olfactory processing, whereas conclusive evidence was not provided for the earlier stages. These results suggest that olfactory processing in ASD is altered at least at the later, modality-general processing stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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42. This title is unavailable for guests, please login to see more information.

Author

Kita, Hajime, Okamoto, Masako, 20195241, 50736783, Kita, Hajime, Okamoto, Masako, 20195241, and 50736783

Abstract

In learning of computer programming by novices, typing example programs and executing them can be seen as a common practice. The authors paid attention to this practice by naming `Shakyo-style learning' and discussed supporting methods to make this practice smooth. They also carried out practices of teaching computer programming asking learners to carry on this practice in parallel to learning of how programs work, and how to construct programs for particular tasks. Recently, learning outside class hours has been required more explicitly in teaching with background of quality assurance of teaching. `Flipped classroom' attracts attention as a concept to improve such teaching. In courses of teaching computer programming with practice, `Shakyo-style learning' within class hours has some difficulty due to differences in speed and accuracy of typing by learners. On the other hand, to carrying on it outside class hours is rather easier than to attack programming tasks independently. This paper discusses a course design of 'ipped classroom' type for programming which asks `Shakyo-style learning' as an activity outside class hours.

Published
2016

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