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This paper estimates the welfare impacts of natural resources by analyzing Ghana’s offshore oil discovery and subsequent production. It finds substantial increases in real income, but no effect on consumption and poverty. The income effects are stronger for skilled workers. Estimates of the effects of oil discovery on employment show that employment in general increased by 4 percentage points. The positive employment effects are largely concentrated in non-oil local sectors: manufacturing and construction. The findings do not show significant impacts on employment in the agriculture and service sectors where a large proportion of individuals below the poverty line are engaged. This largely explains why the oil discovery had no effect on poverty reduction, as it benefited the non-poor rather than the poor.

Dissertação (mestrado) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social, do Trabalho e das Organizações, 2021. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). O trabalho que ocorre em plataformas petrolíferas é chamado de “offshore oil” e atualmente é realizado, no Brasil, em mais de 49 plataformas por cerca de 40 mil trabalhadores embarcados e confinados a espaços considerados restritos e de alta periculosidade. Configura-se como uma área de pesquisa pouco explorada, que concentra a maior parte de seus achados em estudos estritamente descritivos. A atividade na plataforma offshore oil exige dos profissionais um afastamento da costa por longos períodos de trabalho. Além do afastamento físico, os trabalhadores distanciam-se de suas famílias e do convívio social e ficam vulneráveis ao adoecimento psíquico e a problemas crônicos, como a síndrome de burnout. O trabalhador inserido neste contexto de trabalho, caracteriza sua área como desgastante e estressante, com características pouco comuns a maioria dos trabalhos, e ainda identifica o ambiente como hostil e pouco colaborativo. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as relações entre burnout, suporte social percebido, engajamento e conflito trabalho-família no contexto de trabalho offshore oil no Brasil. O primeiro manuscrito apresenta um estudo bibliométrico cujo objetivo é apresentar os trabalhos sobre a área offshore oil, bem como a natureza desse campo de atuação profissional e o perfil de seus trabalhadores. O segundo manuscrito avaliou 441 trabalhadores da área, com o objetivo de identificar de que forma o conflito trabalho-família se relaciona ao burnout, sendo mediado pelo suporte social e pelo engajamento no trabalho presentes no contexto de trabalho offshore oil no Brasil. Por fim, o terceiro manuscrito objetivou mapear as competências comportamentais e as contingências ambientais necessárias para estar inserido em um ambiente confinado e embarcado. Os resultados encontrados são inéditos e contribuem não só para uma maior difusão de conhecimento sobre o tema, mas para indicar possíveis caminhos para aprimorar relações de trabalho e elaborar ações preventivas de saúde mental da população embarcada em plataformas petrolíferas. The work that takes place on oil platforms is called “offshore oil” and is currently carried out, in Brazil, on more than 49 platforms by approximately 40 thousand workers on board and confined to spaces considered to be restricted and highly dangerous. It is configured as a little explored area of research, which concentrates most of its findings in strictly descriptive studies. The activity on the offshore oil platform requires professionals to be away from the coast for long periods of work. In addition to physical distancing, workers distance themselves from their families and social life and are vulnerable to mental illness and chronic problems, such as burnout syndrome. The worker inserted in this work context characterizes his area as exhausting and stressful, with characteristics that are not common in most jobs, and also identifies the environment as hostile and uncooperative. In this sense, this study aims to investigate the relationships between burnout, perceived social support, engagement and work- family conflict in the context of offshore oil work in Brazil. The first manuscript presents a bibliometric study whose objective is to present the works on the offshore oil area, as well as the nature of this field of professional activity and the profile of its workers. The second manuscript evaluated 441 workers in the area, with the aim of identifying how the work-family conflict is related to burnout, being mediated by social support and engagement in work present in the context of offshore oil work in Brazil. Finally, the third manuscript aimed to map the behavioral skills and environmental contingencies necessary to be inserted in a confined and on-board environment. The results found are unprecedented and contribute not only to a greater dissemination of knowledge on the subject, but also to indicate possible ways to improve working relationships and develop preventive actions for the mental health of the population on board oil rigs.

© 2019 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/). In economic geography, scholars have discussed how endogenous regional sources of skills, networks and capital have led to new regional industrial growth. However, extra-regional dimensions and global production networks has mostly been left behind in the literature. In this paper, I develop a conceptual framework through the eanalysis of how exogenous sources are coupled to regional actors through the lenses of Global Production Networks and Global Value Chains in offshore oil. The author find that strategies in GPN lead firm vary between local integrative strategies and more complex global strategies. I demonstrate that GPN strategies have different impacts on local development processes, whereby strategies in the early phases of the value chain (i.e. drilling and seismic surveys) were path dependent and led to few local linkages due to lack of competence and infrastructure locally. The GPN strategies in late stages of the value chain (operations) were more context sensitive, as GPNs sought new solutions in procurement and oil spill preparedness, which together increased the local linkages. The implications for policy are to develop cautious regional development policies that are sensitive to specific GPN value stages and lead firms within GPNs.

In a context of global production networks, cities are the loci of the knowledge generation process. They bring together various actors and assets necessary for this sophisticated activity. The generation of knowledge involves the interaction between actors within the same city, such as companies, universities, and research centers, and also between actors from different cities, forming a network. However, not all cities can participate in this network, and the literature has mostly focused on networks formed by cities in the Global North and in high-tech industries. This article aims to map and investigate the knowledge network in the offshore oil industry, showing whether cities in oil-rich countries in the Global South are part of this network. The analysis is carried out at the city level, highlighting the cities that appear as important places for generation of knowledge. To meet our goal, we created a patent database using patents granted by the USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) between 2007 and 2017, designed a network based on the inventors’ location, and performed the k-core analysis. We found that Rio de Janeiro is the only city in a Global South, resource-rich country that appears in the most central layers of the network. Rio de Janeiro’s insertion is based on two groups of actors that play different roles and are highly influenced by the local National Oil Company, Petrobras.

Cities are the loci of the knowledge generation process, in a global production network context, as they bring together the wide variety of actors and assets required for such sophisticated activity. Knowledge generation involves the interaction between many actors located inside the city, such as firms, universities and research centers, and also between different cities’ actors, constituting a network form. However, not all cities manage to be part of this network, and literature has been focused on Global North cities and in high-tech industries. Considering these issues, this paper aims to map and investigate the knowledge network in the offshore oil segment, showing if (and how) Global South cities from resource-rich countries are inserted on it. We place this analysis at the city-level, locating the cities which appear as important knowledge generation places. To copy with these aims, we created a patent database, developed from USPTO granted patents between 2007 and 2017, designed a network based on inventors’ location, and applied the k-core analysis. We found out that Rio de Janeiro is the only city from a Global South and resource-rich country which appears in the most core layers of the network. We identified that Rio de Janeiro’s insertion is based on two groups of actors which play different roles, and that the city’s insertion in the network is highly influenced by the local NOC, Petrobras. En un contexto de redes de producción global, las ciudades son los lugares del proceso de generación de conocimiento, ya que reúnen una variedad de actores y activos necesarios para esta sofisticada actividad. La generación de conocimiento implica la interacción entre muchos actores ubicados dentro de la ciudad, como empresas, universidades y centros de investigación, y también entre actores de diferentes ciudades, constituyendo una forma de red. Sin embargo, no todas las ciudades pueden formar parte de esta red, y la literatura se ha centrado en las ciudades del Norte global y las industrias de alta tecnología. Teniendo en cuenta estos temas, este artículo tiene como objetivo mapear e investigar la red de conocimiento en el segmento de petróleo en alta mar, mostrando si (y cómo) las ciudades del Sur global de países ricos en recursos naturales están incluidas en esta red. El análisis se realiza a nivel de ciudad, destacando las ciudades que aparecen como lugares importantes de generación de conocimiento. Para cumplir con estos objetivos, creamos una base de datos de patentes, desarrollada a partir de patentes otorgadas por la USPTO entre 2007 y 2017, diseñamos una red basada en la ubicación de los inventores y aplicamos el análisis k-core. Descubrimos que Río de Janeiro es la única ciudad de un país del Sur global y rica en recursos naturales, que aparece en las capas más centrales de la red. Identificamos que la inserción de Río de Janeiro se basa en dos grupos de actores que juegan diferentes roles, y que la inserción de la ciudad en la red está altamente influenciada por el NOC local, Petrobras. Em um contexto de redes de produção globais, as cidades são os locais do processo de geração de conhecimento, pois reúnem uma variedade de atores e ativos necessários para essa atividade sofisticada. A geração de conhecimento envolve a interação entre muitos atores localizados dentro da cidade, como empresas, universidades e centros de pesquisa, e também entre atores de diferentes cidades, constituindo uma forma de rede. No entanto, nem todas as cidades conseguem fazer parte dessa rede, e a literatura tem sido focada nas cidades do Norte Global e nas indústrias de alta tecnologia. Considerando essas questões, este artigo tem como objetivo mapear e investigar a rede de conhecimento no segmento de petróleo offshore, mostrando se (e como) as cidades do Sul global de países ricos em recursos naturais estão inseridas nesta rede. A análise é realizada no nível da cidade, destacando as cidades que aparecem como importantes locais de geração de conhecimento. Para atender a esses objetivos, criamos um banco de dados de patentes, desenvolvido a partir de patentes concedidas pelo USPTO entre 2007 e 2017, desenhamos uma rede com base na localização dos inventores e aplicamos a análise k-core. Descobrimos que o Rio de Janeiro é a única cidade de um país do Sul global e rico em recursos naturais, que aparece nas camadas mais centrais da rede. Identificamos que a inserção do Rio de Janeiro é baseada em dois grupos de atores que desempenham papéis diferentes, e que a inserção da cidade na rede é altamente influenciada pelo NOC local, a Petrobras.

The increasing demand for chemical products has driven the construction and development of chemical industrial areas, or so-called ‘chemical industrial parks’ (CIPs), but this has intrinsically raised the risk of major accidents. Therefore, it is significant and urgent to summarize the state of art and research needs in the field of CIP safety. In this paper, a keyword co-occurrence analysis of 116 scientific articles was conducted to support the classification of research topics in this field, then an overview of those research topics was presented to investigate the evolution of safety research with respect to CIPs. Specifically, the way that safety assessments are conducted, as well as how safety management and safety technology in such areas are classified and investigated, followed by detailed descriptions of representative methods and their contributions to CIP safety, are discussed. An integrated safety framework for CIPs is proposed to organize safety approaches and measures systematically. Based on the classification and analysis of studies on management, assessment, and technology related to CIP safety, the research trends and future directions and challenges are discussed and outlined. Those results are useful for improving theoretical method and industrial strategies, and can advance the safety and sustainability development of CIPs.

Understanding the speciation and fate of radium during operational discharge from the offshore oil and gas industry into the marine environment is important in assessing its long term environmental impact. In the current work, 226Ra concentrations in marine sediments contaminated by produced water discharge from a site in the UK were analysed using gamma spectroscopy. Radium was present in field samples (0.1–0.3 Bq g−1) within International Atomic Energy Agency activity thresholds and was found to be primarily associated with micron sized radiobarite particles (≤2 μm). Experimental studies of synthetic/field produced water and seawater mixing under laboratory conditions showed that a significant proportion of radium (up to 97%) co-precipitated with barite confirming the radiobarite fate pathway. The results showed that produced water discharge into the marine environment results in the formation of radiobarite particles which incorporate a significant portion of radium and can be deposited in marine sediments.

Gross domestic product (GDP)1 growth is expected to have fallen sharply in 2017 to a projected -1.8 percent from 5.3 percent the year before. This contraction is driven by a reversal of trend in government spending. In the last six months, the political impasse has worsened, with the President declaring a ‘serious institutional crisis’ and dissolving Parliament in January 2018. The current government has not been able to pass its rectification budget for 2017 nor a budget for 2018 to date. The resulting tight budget envelope has led to a sharp reduction in government expenditure of some 24 percent year-on-year, especially felt in the last three months of the year. With government expenditure making up about 75 percent of GDP, weakening expenditure has had a significant downwards impact on growth in 2017. Offshore petroleum production has continued to gradually decline over 2017 as existing fields are steadily depleted, while coffee exports were lower in 2017 due to poor weather conditions. International arrivals by air continued to grow, suggesting that the international visitor market has held up. Private consumption has been more robust in 2017, but investment, both public and private, has declined and foreign direct investment (FDI) has dried up. There remains an urgent long-term agenda of development in Timor-Leste which a new government program could focus on. Key priority reform areas include addressing the multi-sectoral challenge of severe malnutrition, improving systems of public service delivery, supporting a broadening and diversification of the economy, and putting environmental and fiscal management back on a sustainable path. Existing fiscal reserves provide a golden opportunity to achieve these reforms, but only if they are utilized to support a transition to a long-term sustainable economic and fiscal model.

Information acquired and provided in Near Real Time is fundamental in contributing to reduce the impact of different sea pollution sources on the maritime environment. Optical data acquired by sensors aboard meteorological satellites, thanks to their high temporal resolution as well as to their delivery policy, can be profitably used for a Near Real Time sea monitoring, provided that accurate and reliable methodologies for analysis and investigation are designed, implemented and fully assessed. In this paper, the results achieved by the application of an improved version of RST (Robust Satellite Technique) to oil spill detection and monitoring will be shown. In particular, thermal infrared data acquired by the NOAA-AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) have been analyzed and a new RST-based change detection index applied to the case of the oil spills that occurred off the Kuwait and Saudi Arabian coasts in January 1991 and during the Lebanon War in July 2006. The results obtained, even in comparison with those achieved by other AVHRR-based techniques, confirm the unique performance of the proposed approach in automatically detecting the presence of oil spill with a high level of reliability and sensitivity. Moreover, the potential of the extension of the proposed technique to sensors onboard geostationary satellites will be discussed within the context of oil spill monitoring systems, integrating products generated by high temporal (optical) and high spatial (radar) resolution satellite systems.

The study represents a background study for the proposed Uganda Country Economic Memorandum (CEM), which seeks to address the issue of efficient use of oil resources and examine synergies between the oil industry and the rest of the economy, through growth poles or linkages. The oil industry can help Uganda to promote robust growth in the economy. However, it is important to keep in mind that it will take a number of years until oil revenues start flowing into Uganda s economy. After the Final Investment Decision (FID) is reached, it will take time to develop the oil fields and start oil production. In the meantime, there are immediate opportunities opening up for Uganda s businesses to supply the oil industry with goods and services. In most cases, Uganda s suppliers, especially micro, small and medium enterpises (MSMEs), are not expected to become first tier contractors to the International Oil Company (IOCs). The main objective of this study is to provide recommendations to the Government of Uganda (GoU) on policies and strategies of leveraging the oil discoveries for the development of the national economy in order to transform the oil resources into sustained growth. The study reviews the typology of policies for local sourcing used in the world. It includes ample examples of other countries experiences with developing their local content policies and providing support to priority sectors to boost local content which could be useful for Uganda from the standpoint of lessons learned. The study conducts a detailed analysis of the binding constraints faced by domestic oil and gas suppliers in Uganda, takes stock of existing national content support initiatives and identifies areas which are in urgent need of further support. The study examines how the oil sector can be used as a driver of agriculture and fisheries sectors in the Albertine Region and other regions of Uganda from the standpoint of food supply to the oil camps.

The paper provides new insights into the productivity of teams and the relationship between the inspector and the inspected party. Exploiting exogenous variation in the number of inspectors that are sent to offshore oil and gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico, we find that adding an inspector does not simply result in more observed violations – it increases the severity of sanctions imposed on those violations that are detected. We also find that inspectors who are more familiar with the offender impose less severe sanctions. We only find weak evidence that increasing sanction severity deters incidents such as oil spills.

The development of the offshore oil industry in the past fifty years has created heightened interactions at sea, where traditionally fishing activities dominated. This study explores the nature of liaison bodies that have formed between the offshore oil and gas and commercial fishing industries in Scotland and Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada, necessitated by their operational conflicts in common sea areas. A comparative case study approach was used to research these two nations, as offshore oil and gas is very important to both countries’ economic security whilst their commercial fishing fleets face mounting pressures in the context of diminishing fish stocks. The findings of this study suggest that Scotland has a greater range of liaison positions than Canada, resulting in part from their more mature and extensive offshore oil industry. International collaboration was identified as playing a key role in the transference of knowledge and informing liaison practices in the Canadian offshore oil industry. This study corroborates previous research in finding that industry integration and collaboration is important in furthering goals of integrated coastal zone management.

Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Volume 4, 1996, Pages 565-572 Experience from the development and application of reliability based inspection planning and optimisation methodologies on a range of offshore structures is discussed in this paper. A series of studies are discussed which demonstrate the progressive application from fixed platforms to floaters and jack-ups highlighting the particular methods that need to be adopted for each platform type. While the basic methodology is common in all cases there are a number of considerations specific to each type relating to their structural form, operational conditions and loading history which need to be taken into account when applying these techniques. The benefits obtained from the application of these methods are discussed with relevant example applications. Important trends and key parameters in this type of analysis are highlighted through the results of relevant parametric sensitivity studies. Areas where further work is needed to advance these applications are also highlighted and discussed in this paper.