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6. COVID-19: review of case reports

Author

Oda, Yutaka

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Special Feature: Special Article, Disease, Tracheal tube, medicine.disease_cause, Pregnancy, Anesthesiology, Health care, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Child, Coronavirus, business.industry, Cesarean Section, SARS-CoV-2, Mortality rate, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Infant, Newborn, COVID-19, Infant, Cesarean delivery, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Cerebral shunt, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, Vertical transmission, Female, Liver function, business
Abstract

Recently published case reports relating to anesthesia in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were reviewed. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by positive results of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Numerous reports handled emergency cesarean delivery. Primary symptoms and laboratory data of pregnant women with COVID-19 were similar to those of non-pregnant patients. Although the mortality rate is reported to be high after surgery in patients with COVID-19, cesarean delivery was successfully performed under regional anesthesia in most cases and postoperative course was favorable both in the parents and newborns. There is no direct evidence of vertical mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, a diagnosis of COVID-19 was made in a newborn two hours after delivery from a pregnant woman with COVID-19, based on the increased immunoglobulin levels and deranged liver function, suggesting that its possibility cannot be completely eliminated. Emergency cerebral shunt reconstruction was performed repeatedly in an eight-month-old boy with COVID-19. The tracheal tube was removed in the operating room after surgery and postoperative course was uneventful. All the procedures should be performed in isolated operating rooms with medical staff with level-3 personal protection to ensure the safety of patients and health care providers.

Published
2020

15. Protection against copper-induced cytotoxicity by inclusion of gold

Author

Yamazaki, Takashi, Kobayashi, Masahiko, Hirano, Kumi, Yamazaki, Atsushi, Takemoto, Shinji, and Oda, Yutaka

Subjects
Cytotoxicity, Oxidation, technology, industry, and agriculture, HGF cells, Au/Cu alloy, Elution, Gingival fibroblast, equipment and supplies
Abstract

Background: We previously reported that contact with copper (Cu) induced immediate cell death via an oxidation-involved mechanism, and the Cu-induced oxidation and cell death were effectively alleviated under hypoxic conditions. In order to explore alternative strategies for the protection from the Cu-induced cytotoxicity, we investigated whether the inclusion of gold (Au) in the Cu plate, as alloy ,has a protective effect. Materials and Methods: Human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, established from periodontal tissues, were inoculated on Au/Cu alloy of different Au ratios. After incubation at 37°C for different times under normoxic conditions, cellular viability and amino acid consumption were determined. Changes in the elemental composition of the alloy and in the culture medium were chemically analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results: Contact with the Cu plate induced cytotoxicity and cystine oxidation in time-dependent manners. Inclusion of Au at more than 10% in the alloy, completely abrogated the cytotoxicity and reduced the oxidation of Cu and the elution of Cu from the alloy. Conclusion: Inclusion of Au as a component of alloy reduces the cytotoxicity of the Cu plate, possibly by reducing its oxidation.

Published
2012

23. Involvement of human liver cytochrome P4502B6 in the metabolism of propofol

Author

Oda, Yutaka, Hamaoka, Naoya, Hiroi, Toyoko, Imaoka, Susumu, Hase, Ichiro, Tanaka, Kazuo, Funae, Yoshihiko, Ishizaki, Takashi, and Asada, Akira

Subjects
Analgesics, Opioid, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6, Short Reports, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Microsomes, Liver, Humans, Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating, Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases, In Vitro Techniques, Oxidation-Reduction, Propofol
Abstract

To determine the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms involved in the oxidation of propofol by human liver microsomes.The rate constant calculated from the disappearance of propofol in an incubation mixture with human liver microsomes and recombinant human CYP isoforms was used as a measure of the rate of metabolism of propofol. The correlation of these rate constants with rates of metabolism of CYP isoform-selective substrates by liver microsomes, the effect of CYP isoform-selective chemical inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies on propofol metabolism by liver microsomes, and its metabolism by recombinant human CYP isoforms were examined.The mean rate constant of propofol metabolism by liver microsomes obtained from six individuals was 4.2 (95% confidence intervals 2.7, 5.7) nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein. The rate constants of propofol by microsomes were significantly correlated with S-mephenytoin N-demethylation, a marker of CYP2B6 (r = 0.93, P0.0001), but not with the metabolic activities of other CYP isoform-selective substrates. Of the chemical inhibitors of CYP isoforms tested, orphenadrine, a CYP2B6 inhibitor, reduced the rate constant of propofol by liver microsomes by 38% (P0.05), while other CYP isoform-selective inhibitors had no effects. Of the recombinant CYP isoforms screened, CYP2B6 produced the highest rate constant for propofol metabolism (197 nmol min-1 nmol P450-1). An antibody against CYP2B6 inhibited the disappearance of propofol in liver microsomes by 74%. Antibodies raised against other CYP isoforms had no effect on the metabolism of propofol.CYP2B6 is predominantly involved in the oxidation of propofol by human liver microsomes.

Published
2001

39. Effect of a diode laser on cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteopontin mRNA expression in proliferating and in differentiating osteoblastic cells

Author

MATSUZAKA, Kenichi, primary, OHTA, Kazumasa, additional, TAKAHASHI, Ken, additional, MIYAKE, Nahoko, additional, HATTORI, Masayuki, additional, MURAMATSU, Takashi, additional, SATO, Toru, additional, ODA, Yutaka, additional, SHIMONO, Masaki, additional, and ISHIKAWA, Tatsuya, additional

Published
2004
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