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1. LUCE: A milli-Kelvin calorimeter experiment to study the electron capture of 176Lu

Author

Fu, Shihong, Benato, Giovanni, Bucci, Carlo, Gorla, Paolo, Guillaumon, Pedro V., Li, Jiang, Nagorny, Serge, Nozzoli, Francesco, Pagnanini, Lorenzo, Puiu, Andrei, and Stukel, Matthew

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The LUCE (LUtetium sCintillation Experiment) project will search for the 176Lu electron capture based on a milli-Kelvin calorimetric approach. This decay is of special interest in the field of nuclear structure, with implications for the s-process and for a better comprehension of the nuclear matrix elements of neutrinoless double beta decay (0{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta}) and two-neutrino double beta decay (2{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta}). Possible impacts also include the development of a new class of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE{\nu}NS) and spin-dependent (independent) dark matter detectors. We report on the current status and design of a novel detector cryogenic-module for the measurement of the electron capture and detail a future measurement plan., Comment: proceedings

Published
2023

2. Gamma-Ray Burst observations by the high-energy charged particle detector on board the CSES-01 satellite between 2019 and 2021

Author

Palma, Francesco, Martucci, Matteo, Neubüser, Coralie, Sotgiu, Alessandro, Follega, Francesco Maria, Ubertini, Pietro, Bazzano, Angela, Rodi, James, Ammendola, Roberto, Badoni, Davide, Bartocci, Simona, Battiston, Roberto, Beolè, Stefania, Bertello, Igor, Burger, William Jerome, Campana, Donatella, Cicone, Antonio, Cipollone, Piero, Coli, Silvia, Conti, Livio, Contin, Andrea, Cristoforetti, Marco, D'Angelo, Giulia, De Angelis, Fabrizio, De Donato, Cinzia, De Santis, Cristian, Diego, Piero, Di Luca, Andrea, Fiorenza, Emiliano, Gebbia, Giuseppe, Iuppa, Roberto, Lega, Alessandro, Lolli, Mauro, Martino, Bruno, Masciantonio, Giuseppe, Mergè, Matteo, Mese, Marco, Morbidini, Alfredo, Nozzoli, Francesco, Nuccilli, Fabrizio, Oliva, Alberto, Osteria, Giuseppe, Palmonari, Federico, Panico, Beatrice, Papini, Emanuele, Parmentier, Alexandra, Perciballi, Stefania, Perfetto, Francesco, Perinelli, Alessio, Picozza, Piergiorgio, Piersanti, Mirko, Pozzato, Michele, Rebustini, Gianmaria, Recchiuti, Dario, Ricci, Ester, Ricci, Marco, Ricciarini, Sergio Bruno, Russi, Andrea, Sahnoun, Zouleikha, Savino, Umberto, Scotti, Valentina, Shen, Xuhui, Sparvoli, Roberta, Tofani, Silvia, Vertolli, Nello, Vilona, Veronica, Vitale, Vincenzo, Zannoni, Ugo, Zeren, Zhima, Zoffoli, Simona, and Zuccon, Paolo

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

In this paper we report the detection of five strong Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) by the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) mounted on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), operational since 2018 on a Sun-synchronous polar orbit at a $\sim$ 507 km altitude and 97$^\circ$ inclination. HEPD-01 was designed to detect high-energy electrons in the energy range 3 - 100 MeV, protons in the range 30 - 300 MeV, and light nuclei in the range 30 - 300 MeV/n. Nonetheless, Monte Carlo simulations have shown HEPD-01 is sensitive to gamma-ray photons in the energy range 300 keV - 50 MeV, even if with a moderate effective area above $\sim$ 5 MeV. A dedicated time correlation analysis between GRBs reported in literature and signals from a set of HEPD-01 trigger configuration masks has confirmed the anticipated detector sensitivity to high-energy photons. A comparison between the simultaneous time profiles of HEPD-01 electron fluxes and photons from GRB190114C, GRB190305A, GRB190928A, GRB200826B and GRB211211A has shown a remarkable similarity, in spite of the different energy ranges. The high-energy response, with peak sensitivity at about 2 MeV, and moderate effective area of the detector in the actual flight configuration explain why these five GRBs, characterised by a fluence above $\sim$ 3 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ in the energy interval 300 keV - 50 MeV, have been detected., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)

Published
2023

3. The Low Energy Module (LEM): development of a CubeSat spectrometer for sub-MeV particles and Gamma Ray Burst detection

Author

Nicolaidis, Riccardo, Nozzoli, Francesco, Iuppa, Roberto, Follega, Francesco Maria, Vilona, Veronica, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, and Demenev, Evgeny

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Accurate flux measurement of low energy charged particles, trapped in the magnetosphere, is necessary for Space Weather characterization and to study the coupling between the lithosphere and magnetosphere, allowing the investigation of the correlations between seismic events and particle precipitation from Van Allen Belts. In this work, the project of a CubeSat space spectrometer, the Low Energy Module (LEM), is shown. The detector will be able to perform an event-based measurement of energy, arrival direction, and composition of low-energy charged particles down to 0.1 MeV. Moreover, thanks to a CdZnTe mini-calorimeter, the LEM spectrometer also allows photon detection in the sub-MeV range, joining the quest for the investigation of the nature of Gamma Ray Bursts. The particle identification of the LEM relies on the $\Delta E - E$ technique performed by thin silicon detectors. This multipurpose spectrometer will fit within a 10x10x10 $\text{cm}^3$ CubeSat frame and it will be constructed as a joining project between the University of Trento, FBK, and INFN-TIFPA. To fulfil the size and mass requirements an innovative approach, based on active particle collimation, was designed for the LEM, this avoids heavy/bulky passive collimators of previous space detectors. In this paper, we will present the LEM geometry, its detection concept, and the results from the developed GEANT4 simulation.

Published
2022

4. Dark Matter stimulated neutrinoless double beta decay

Author

Nozzoli, Francesco and Cernetti, Cinzia

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Nuclei that are unstable with respect to double beta decay are investigated in this work for a novel Dark Matter (DM) direct detection approach. In particular, the diagram responsible for the neutrinoless double beta decay will be considered for the possible detection technique of a Majorana DM fermion inelastically scattering on a double beta unstable nucleus, stimulating its decay. The exothermic nature of the stimulated double beta decay would allow the direct detection also of a light DM fermion, a class of DM candidates that are difficult or impossible to investigate with the traditional elastic scattering techniques. The expected signal distribution for different DM masses and the upper limits on the nucleus scattering cross sections, are shown and compared with the existing data for the case of $^{136}$Xe nucleus., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, V2: bibliography updated, corrected a typo of fig.4 label and in the text

Published
2022

5. Search for Electron Capture in $^{176}$Lu with LYSO scintillator

Author

Ghezzer, Luigi Ernesto, Nozzoli, Francesco, Nicolaidis, Riccardo, De Santis, Cristian, Iuppa, Roberto, and Zuccon, Paolo

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The nuclide $^{176}$Lu is one of the few naturally occurring isotopes that are potentially unstable with respect to electron capture (EC). Although experimental evidence for $^{176}$Lu EC decay is still missing, this isotope is instead well known to $\beta^-$ decay into $^{176}$Hf with an half-life of about 38 Gyr. The precise investigation of all $^{176}$Lu possible decay modes is interesting because the Lu/Hf ratio is adopted as an isotopic clock. Previous searches for the $^{176}$Lu EC decay were performed by using a passive Lutetium source coupled with an HP-Ge spectrometer. Our approach uses a LYSO crystal both as Lutetium source and as an active detector. Scintillation light from the LYSO crystal is acquired in coincidence with the signals from the HP-Ge detector, this allows a powerful suppression of the background sourcing from the well known $\beta^-$ decay branch. This coincidence approach led to an improvement on the $^{176}$Lu EC branching ratio limits by a factor 3 to 30, depending on the considered EC channel., Comment: 9 pages, 14 figures

Published
2022
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6. Author Correction: Evidence of an upper ionospheric electric field perturbation correlated with a gamma ray burst

Author

Piersanti, Mirko, Ubertini, Pietro, Battiston, Roberto, Bazzano, Angela, D’Angelo, Giulia, Rodi, James G., Diego, Piero, Zeren, Zhima, Ammendola, Roberto, Badoni, Davide, Bartocci, Simona, Beolè, Stefania, Bertello, Igor, Burger, William J., Campana, Donatella, Cicone, Antonio, Cipollone, Piero, Coli, Silvia, Conti, Livio, Contin, Andrea, Cristoforetti, Marco, De Angelis, Fabrizio, De Donato, Cinzia, De Santis, Cristian, Di Luca, Andrea, Fiorenza, Emiliano, Follega, Francesco Maria, Gebbia, Giuseppe, Iuppa, Roberto, Lega, Alessandro, Lolli, Mauro, Martino, Bruno, Martucci, Matteo, Masciantonio, Giuseppe, Mergè, Matteo, Mese, Marco, Morbidini, Alfredo, Neubüser, Coralie, Nozzoli, Francesco, Nuccilli, Fabrizio, Oliva, Alberto, Osteria, Giuseppe, Palma, Francesco, Palmonari, Federico, Panico, Beatrice, Papini, Emanuele, Parmentier, Alexandra, Perciballi, Stefania, Perfetto, Francesco, Perinelli, Alessio, Picozza, Piergiorgio, Pozzato, Michele, Rebustini, Gianmaria, Recchiuti, Dario, Ricci, Ester, Ricci, Marco, Ricciarini, Sergio B., Russi, Andrea, Sahnoun, Zuleika, Savino, Umberto, Scotti, Valentina, Shen, Xuhui, Sotgiu, Alessandro, Sparvoli, Roberta, Tofani, Silvia, Vertolli, Nello, Vilona, Veronica, Vitale, Vincenzo, Zannoni, Ugo, Zoffoli, Simona, and Zuccon, Paolo

Published
2023
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7. Evidence of an upper ionospheric electric field perturbation correlated with a gamma ray burst

Author

Piersanti, Mirko, Ubertini, Pietro, Battiston, Roberto, Bazzano, Angela, D’Angelo, Giulia, Rodi, James G., Diego, Piero, Zeren, Zhima, Ammendola, Roberto, Badoni, Davide, Bartocci, Simona, Beolè, Stefania, Bertello, Igor, Burger, William J., Campana, Donatella, Cicone, Antonio, Cipollone, Piero, Coli, Silvia, Conti, Livio, Contin, Andrea, Cristoforetti, Marco, De Angelis, Fabrizio, De Donato, Cinzia, De Santis, Cristian, Di Luca, Andrea, Fiorenza, Emiliano, Follega, Francesco Maria, Gebbia, Giuseppe, Iuppa, Roberto, Lega, Alessandro, Lolli, Mauro, Martino, Bruno, Martucci, Matteo, Masciantonio, Giuseppe, Mergè, Matteo, Mese, Marco, Morbidini, Alfredo, Neubüser, Coralie, Nozzoli, Francesco, Nuccilli, Fabrizio, Oliva, Alberto, Osteria, Giuseppe, Palma, Francesco, Palmonari, Federico, Panico, Beatrice, Papini, Emanuele, Parmentier, Alexandra, Perciballi, Stefania, Perfetto, Francesco, Perinelli, Alessio, Picozza, Piergiorgio, Pozzato, Michele, Rebustini, Gianmaria, Recchiuti, Dario, Ricci, Ester, Ricci, Marco, Ricciarini, Sergio B., Russi, Andrea, Sahnoun, Zuleika, Savino, Umberto, Scotti, Valentina, Shen, Xuhui, Sotgiu, Alessandro, Sparvoli, Roberta, Tofani, Silvia, Vertolli, Nello, Vilona, Veronica, Vitale, Vincenzo, Zannoni, Ugo, Zoffoli, Simona, and Zuccon, Paolo

Published
2023
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9. On $^{146}$Nd, $^{144}$Sm and other unexplored 2$\beta$ decay isotopes

Author

Nozzoli, Francesco

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

$^{146}$Nd is one of only four (over a total of 35 existing) 2$\beta^-$ decay isotope candidates whose half-lives currently lack experimental limits. The $\alpha$ activity of the $^{146}$Sm daughter nuclide allows placement of limits on the 2$\beta$ decay using the $^{146}$Nd/$^{142}$Nd abundance ratio ($T^{\beta\beta}_{1/2} \gsim 3 \times 10^9$ yr) or direct search for $^{146}$Sm with accelerator mass spectrometers ($T^{\beta\beta}_{1/2} \gsim 4.5 \times 10^{19}$ yr). With a similar approach, a modest ($\sim$ Gyr) first limit on half-lives for the other unexplored $2\beta$ unstable isotopes and competitive limits (few $10^{13}$yr) for $^{98}$Mo and $^{122}$Sn are also given. Finally, it is shown how the limit $T^{0\nu\epsilon\beta^+}_{1/2} \gsim 10^{15}$ yr for the unexplored $^{144}$Sm $0\nu\epsilon \beta^+$ decay may be obtained from the data of a GSO crystal scintillator., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure

Published
2017
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10. Precision measurement of antiproton to proton ratio with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

Nozzoli, Francesco

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A precision measurement by AMS of the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio in primary cosmic rays in the absolute rigidity range from 1 to 450 GV is presented based on $3.49\times10^5$ antiproton events and $2.42\times10^9$ proton events. Above $\sim60$ GV the antiproton to proton flux ratio is consistent with being rigidity independent. A decreasing behaviour is expected for this ratio considering the traditional models for the secondary antiproton flux., Comment: XXV ECRS 2016 Proceedings - eConf C16-09-04.3

Published
2016

12. Investigation of Electron Capture in 176Lu with a LYSO crystal scintillator

Author

Nozzoli Francesco, Ghezzer Luigi Ernesto, Nicolaidis Riccardo, Iuppa Roberto, and Zuccon Paolo

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The nuclide 176Lu is one of the few naturally occurring isotopes that are potentially unstable with respect to electron capture (EC). Although experimental evidence for 176Lu EC decay is still missing, this isotope is instead well known to β− decay into 176Hf with an half-life of about 38 Gyr. Previous searches for the 176Lu EC decay were performed by using a passive Lutetium source coupled with an HP-Ge spectrometer. Our approach uses a LYSO crystal both as Lutetium source and as an active detector and the obtained 176Lu EC branching ratio limits are 7 × 10−4 and 4.4 × 10−4 for the capture of the 1s and 2s electron, respectively. Previously known limits for the EC in 176Lu are improved by a factor 3 to 15 depending on the considered EC channel.

Published
2023
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13. TeV dark matter in the disk

Author

Nozzoli, Francesco

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

DAMA annual modulation data and, CoGeNT, CDMS-II, EDELWEISS-II, CRESST excesses of events over the expected background are reanalyzed in terms of a dark matter particle signal considering the case of a rotating halo. It is found that DAMA data favor the configurations of very high mass dark matter particles in a corotating cold flux. A similar high-mass/low-velocity solution would be compatible with the observed events in CoGeNT, CDMS-II, EDELWEISS-II and CRESST experiments and could be of interest in the light of the positron/electron excess measured by Pamela and Fermi in cosmic rays., Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures

Published
2011
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14. Investigation of Electron Capture in 176Lu with a LYSO crystal scintillator.

Author

Nozzoli, Francesco, Ghezzer, Luigi Ernesto, Nicolaidis, Riccardo, Iuppa, Roberto, and Zuccon, Paolo

Subjects
*ELECTRON capture, *SCINTILLATORS, *LUTETIUM, *SPECTROMETERS, *NUCLIDES
Abstract

The nuclide 176Lu is one of the few naturally occurring isotopes that are potentially unstable with respect to electron capture (EC). Although experimental evidence for 176Lu EC decay is still missing, this isotope is instead well known to β− decay into 176Hf with an half-life of about 38 Gyr. Previous searches for the 176Lu EC decay were performed by using a passive Lutetium source coupled with an HP-Ge spectrometer. Our approach uses a LYSO crystal both as Lutetium source and as an active detector and the obtained 176Lu EC branching ratio limits are 7 × 10−4 and 4.4 × 10−4 for the capture of the 1s and 2s electron, respectively. Previously known limits for the EC in 176Lu are improved by a factor 3 to 15 depending on the considered EC channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. A Compact Particle Detector for Space-Based Applications: Development of a Low-Energy Module (LEM) for the NUSES Space Mission.

Author

Nicolaidis, Riccardo, Nozzoli, Francesco, and Pepponi, Giancarlo

Subjects
PARTICLE detectors, COSMIC rays, NEUTRINOS, CHANNELING (Physics), ELECTRON detection, MULTIPLE scattering (Physics), GAMMA rays, MONTE Carlo method
Abstract

NUSES is a planned space mission aiming to test new observational and technological approaches related to the study of relatively low-energy cosmic rays, gamma rays, and high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Two scientific payloads will be hosted onboard the NUSES space mission: Terzina and Zirè. Terzina will be an optical telescope readout by SiPM arrays, for the detection and study of Cerenkov light emitted by Extensive Air Showers generated by high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos in the atmosphere. Zirè will focus on the detection of protons and electrons up to a few hundred MeV and to 0.1–10 MeV photons and will include the Low Energy Module (LEM). The LEM will be a particle spectrometer devoted to the observation of fluxes of relatively low-energy electrons in the 0.1–7-MeV range and protons in the 3–50 MeV range along the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) followed by the hosting platform. The detection of Particle Bursts (PBs) in this Physics channel of interest could give new insight into the understanding of complex phenomena such as eventual correlations between seismic events or volcanic activity with the collective motion of particles in the plasma populating van Allen belts. With its compact sizes and limited acceptance, the LEM will allow the exploration of hostile environments such as the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and the inner Van Allen Belt, in which the anticipated electron fluxes are on the order of 10 6 to 10 7 electrons per square centimeter per steradian per second. Concerning the vast literature of space-based particle spectrometers, the innovative aspect of the LEM resides in its compactness, within 10 × 10 × 10 cm3, and in its "active collimation" approach dealing with the problem of multiple scattering at these very relatively low energies. In this work, the geometry of the detector, its detection concept, its operation modes, and the hardware adopted will be presented. Some preliminary results from the Monte Carlo simulation (Geant4) will be shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. Current state and perspectives of Space Weather science in Italy

Author

Plainaki Christina, Antonucci Marco, Bemporad Alessandro, Berrilli Francesco, Bertucci Bruna, Castronuovo Marco, De Michelis Paola, Giardino Marco, Iuppa Roberto, Laurenza Monica, Marcucci Federica, Messerotti Mauro, Narici Livio, Negri Barbara, Nozzoli Francesco, Orsini Stefano, Romano Vincenzo, Cavallini Enrico, Polenta Gianluca, and Ippolito Alessandro

Subjects
heliosphere, instrumentation, missions, strategy, data management, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Italian teams have been involved many times in Space Weather observational campaigns from space and from the ground, contributing in the advancing of our knowledge on the properties and evolution of the related phenomena. Numerous Space Weather forecasting and now-casting modeling efforts have resulted in a remarkable add-on to the overall progress in the field, at both national and international level. The Italian Space Agency has participated several times in space missions with science objectives related to Space Weather; indeed, an important field for the Italian scientific and industrial communities interested in Heliophysics and Space Weather, is the development of new instrumentation for future space missions. In this paper, we present a brief state-of-the-art in Space Weather science in Italy and we discuss some ideas on a long-term plan for the support of future scientific research in the related disciplines. In the context of the current roadmap, the Italian Space Agency aims to assess the possibility to develop a national scientific Space Weather data centre to encourage synergies between different science teams with interest in the field and to motivate innovation and new mission concept development. Alongside with the proposed recommendations, we also discuss how the Italian expertise could complement international efforts in a wider international Space Weather context.

Published
2020
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19. Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

Nozzoli Francesco

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Precision measurements by AMS of the fluxes of cosmic ray positrons, electrons, antiprotons, protons as well as their rations reveal several unexpected and intriguing features. The presented measurements extend the energy range of the previous observations with much increased precision. The new results show that the behavior of positron flux at around 300 GeV is consistent with a new source that produce equal amount of high energy electrons and positrons. In addition, in the absolute rigidity range 60–500 GV, the antiproton, proton, and positron fluxes are found to have nearly identical rigidity dependence and the electron flux exhibits different rigidity dependence.

Published
2019
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20. Design of an Antimatter Large Acceptance Detector In Orbit (ALADInO)

Author

Adriani, Oscar, primary, Altomare, Corrado, additional, Ambrosi, Giovanni, additional, Azzarello, Philipp, additional, Barbato, Felicia Carla Tiziana, additional, Battiston, Roberto, additional, Baudouy, Bertrand, additional, Bergmann, Benedikt, additional, Berti, Eugenio, additional, Bertucci, Bruna, additional, Boezio, Mirko, additional, Bonvicini, Valter, additional, Bottai, Sergio, additional, Burian, Petr, additional, Buscemi, Mario, additional, Cadoux, Franck, additional, Calvelli, Valerio, additional, Campana, Donatella, additional, Casaus, Jorge, additional, Contin, Andrea, additional, D’Alessandro, Raffaello, additional, Dam, Magnus, additional, De Mitri, Ivan, additional, de Palma, Francesco, additional, Derome, Laurent, additional, Di Felice, Valeria, additional, Di Giovanni, Adriano, additional, Donnini, Federico, additional, Duranti, Matteo, additional, Fiandrini, Emanuele, additional, Follega, Francesco Maria, additional, Formato, Valerio, additional, Gargano, Fabio, additional, Giovacchini, Francesca, additional, Graziani, Maura, additional, Ionica, Maria, additional, Iuppa, Roberto, additional, Loparco, Francesco, additional, Marín, Jesús, additional, Mariotto, Samuele, additional, Marsella, Giovanni, additional, Martínez, Gustavo, additional, Martínez, Manel, additional, Martucci, Matteo, additional, Masi, Nicolò, additional, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, additional, Mergé, Matteo, additional, Mori, Nicola, additional, Munini, Riccardo, additional, Musenich, Riccardo, additional, Mussolin, Lorenzo, additional, Nozzoli, Francesco, additional, Oliva, Alberto, additional, Osteria, Giuseppe, additional, Pacini, Lorenzo, additional, Paniccia, Mercedes, additional, Papini, Paolo, additional, Pearce, Mark, additional, Perrina, Chiara, additional, Picozza, Piergiorgio, additional, Pizzolotto, Cecilia, additional, Pospíšil, Stanislav, additional, Pozzato, Michele, additional, Quadrani, Lucio, additional, Ricci, Ester, additional, Rico, Javier, additional, Rossi, Lucio, additional, Schioppa, Enrico Junior, additional, Serini, Davide, additional, Smolyanskiy, Petr, additional, Sotgiu, Alessandro, additional, Sparvoli, Roberta, additional, Surdo, Antonio, additional, Tomassetti, Nicola, additional, Vagelli, Valerio, additional, Velasco, Miguel Ángel, additional, Wu, Xin, additional, and Zuccon, Paolo, additional

Published
2022
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21. Search for Multi-Coincidence Cosmic Ray Events over Large Distances with the EEE MRPC Telescopes

Author

Abbrescia, Marcello, primary, Avanzini, Carlo, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baldini Ferroli, Rinaldo, additional, Batignani, Giovanni, additional, Battaglieri, Marco, additional, Boi, Stefano, additional, Bossini, Edoardo, additional, Carnesecchi, Francesca, additional, Cicalò, Corrado, additional, Cifarelli, Luisa, additional, Coccetti, Fabrizio, additional, Coccia, Eugenio, additional, Corvaglia, Alessandro, additional, De Gruttola, Daniele, additional, De Pasquale, Salvatore, additional, Fabbri, Franco, additional, Galante, Lorenzo, additional, Garbini, Marco, additional, Gemme, Gianluca, additional, Gnesi, Ivan, additional, Grazzi, Stefano, additional, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, additional, La Rocca, Paola, additional, Liu, Zhang, additional, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, additional, Maron, Gaetano, additional, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, additional, Mulliri, Alice, additional, Nania, Rosario, additional, Noferini, Francesco, additional, Nozzoli, Francesco, additional, Palmonari, Federico, additional, Panareo, Marco, additional, Panetta, Maria Paola, additional, Paoletti, Riccardo, additional, Pellegrino, Carmelo, additional, Pinazza, Ombretta, additional, Pinto, Chiara, additional, Pisano, Silvia, additional, Riggi, Francesco, additional, Righini, Giancarlo, additional, Ripoli, Cristina, additional, Rizzi, Matteo, additional, Sartorelli, Gabriella, additional, Scapparone, Eugenio, additional, Schioppa, Marco, additional, Scribano, Angelo, additional, Selvi, Marco, additional, Serri, Gabriella, additional, Squarcia, Sandro, additional, Taiuti, Marco, additional, Terreni, Giuseppe, additional, Trifirò, Antonio, additional, Trimarchi, Marina, additional, Vistoli, Cristina, additional, Votano, Lucia, additional, Williams, Crispin, additional, Zichichi, Antonino, additional, and Zuyeuski, Roman, additional

Published
2021
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23. Dark Matter Investigation Using Double Beta Decay Experiments †.

Author

Nozzoli, Francesco and Cernetti, Cinzia

Subjects
DARK matter, PHYSICAL cosmology, BETA decay, RADIOACTIVE decay, EXOTHERMIC reactions, CHEMICAL reactions
Abstract

Nuclei that are unstable with respect to double beta decay are potentially interesting for a novel Dark Matter (DM) direct detection approach. In particular, a Majorana DM fermion inelastically scattering on a double beta unstable nucleus could stimulate its decay. Thanks to the exothermic nature of the stimulated double beta decay, this detection approach would allow for also investigating light DM fermions, a class of DM candidates that evade the detection capability of the traditional elastic scattering experiments. The upper limits on the nucleus scattering cross sections and the expected signal distribution for different DM masses are shown and compared with the existing data for the case of the 76Ge nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. The Low-Energy Module (LEM): Development of a CubeSat Spectrometer for Sub-MeV Particles and Gamma-Ray Burst Detection †.

Author

Nicolaidis, Riccardo, Nozzoli, Francesco, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Demenev, Evgeny, Follega, Francesco Maria, Iuppa, Roberto, and Vilona, Veronica

Subjects
GRAVITY assist (Astrodynamics), SPECTROMETRY, OPTICAL measurements, SILICON, LITHOSPHERE
Abstract

An accurate flux measurement of low-energy charged particles trapped in the magnetosphere is necessary for space weather characterization and to study the coupling between the lithosphere and magnetosphere, which allows for the investigation of the correlations between seismic events and particle precipitation from Van Allen belts. In this work, the project of a CubeSat space spectrometer, the Low-Energy Module (LEM), is shown. The detector will be able to perform an event-based measurement of the energy, arrival direction, and composition of low-energy charged particles down to 0.1 MeV. Moreover, thanks to a CdZnTe mini-calorimeter, the LEM spectrometer also allows for photon detection in the sub-MeV range, joining the quest for the investigation of the nature of Gamma-ray bursts. The particle identification of the LEM relies on the Δ E − E technique performed by thin silicon detectors. This multipurpose spectrometer will fit within a 10 × 10 × 10 cm 3 CubeSat frame, and it will be constructed as a joint project between the University of Trento, FBK, and INFN-TIFPA. To fulfil the size and mass requirements, an innovative approach, based on active particle collimation, was designed for the LEM; this avoids the heavy/bulky passive collimators of previous space detectors. In this paper, we will present the LEM geometry, its detection concept, and the results from the developed GEANT4 simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. Voltage breakdown follower avoids hard thermal constraints in a Geiger mode avalanche photodiode

Author

Viterbini, Maurizio, Nozzoli, Sergio, Poli, Massimo, Adriani, Alberto, Nozzoli, Francesco, Ottaviano, Angelina, and Ponzo, Stefano

Subjects
Diodes, Laser -- Research, Geiger-Muller counters -- Research, Photon detectors -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

A novel approach to single-photon detection by means of an avalanche photodiode is described and preliminary results obtained by implementation of a prototype are reported. The electronic circuit (breakdown voltage follower) avoids the use of complex temperature controls typically used with these devices, thus reducing system complexity and cost. Data obtained without any thermoregulation show the same behavior with respect to systems thermoregulated to within a few hundredths of a degree celsius. Key words: Photodiode, avalanche, photon counting.

Published
1996

28. Search for Multi-Coincidence Cosmic Ray Events over Large Distances with the EEE MRPC Telescopes

Author

M. Garbini, M. Battaglieri, Luca Baldini, Antonino Zichichi, Marcello Abbrescia, M. Rizzi, A. Corvaglia, Giuseppe Mandaglio, Salvatore De Pasquale, F. Nozzoli, Crispin Williams, Antonio Trifiro, L. Galante, C. Pinto, Marco Taiuti, E. Bossini, L. Votano, G. Maron, Francesco Riggi, Rosario Nania, G. Gemme, F. Coccetti, Paola La Rocca, M. Schioppa, S. Pisano, Giancarlo C. Righini, A. Scribano, C. Avanzini, D. De Gruttola, Francesco Noferini, Despina Hatzifotiadou, M. Selvi, F. Carnesecchi, M. P. Panetta, A. Mulliri, S. Grazzi, O. Pinazza, R. Zuyeuski, G. Serri, Riccardo Paoletti, G. Terreni, F. Fabbri, Eugenio Scapparone, G. Batignani, C. Ripoli, F. Palmonari, C. Vistoli, Luisa Cifarelli, M. Trimarchi, Corrado Cicalo, M. Panareo, S. Boi, E. Coccia, C. Pellegrino, Rinaldo Baldini Ferroli, Sandro Squarcia, Gabriella Sartorelli, I. Gnesi, M. N. Mazziotta, Zhang Liu, Abbrescia, Marcello, Avanzini, Carlo, Baldini, Luca, Baldini Ferroli, Rinaldo, Batignani, Giovanni, Battaglieri, Marco, Boi, Stefano, Bossini, Edoardo, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Cicalò, Corrado, Cifarelli, Luisa, Coccetti, Fabrizio, Coccia, Eugenio, Corvaglia, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Fabbri, Franco, Galante, Lorenzo, Garbini, Marco, Gemme, Gianluca, Gnesi, Ivan, Grazzi, Stefano, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, La Rocca, Paola, Liu, Zhang, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Maron, Gaetano, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Mulliri, Alice, Nania, Rosario, Noferini, Francesco, Nozzoli, Francesco, Palmonari, Federico, Panareo, Marco, Panetta, Maria Paola, Paoletti, Riccardo, Pellegrino, Carmelo, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Riggi, Francesco, Righini, Giancarlo, Ripoli, Cristina, Rizzi, Matteo, Sartorelli, Gabriella, Scapparone, Eugenio, Schioppa, Marco, Scribano, Angelo, Selvi, Marco, Serri, Gabriella, Squarcia, Sandro, Taiuti, Marco, Terreni, Giuseppe, Trifirò, Antonio, Trimarchi, Marina, Vistoli, Cristina, Votano, Lucia, Williams, Crispin, Zichichi, Antonino, and Zuyeuski, Roman

Subjects
Physics, cosmic rays, dust grains, extensive air showers, EEE experiment, multi-coincidence events, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Science, Observation period, Detector, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, extensive air shower, Coincidence, Coincident, Time windows, cosmic ray, dust grain
Abstract

The existence of independent, yet time correlated, Extensive Air Showers (EAS) has been discussed over the past years, with emphasis on possible physical mechanisms that could justify their observation. The detector network of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Collaboration, with its approximately 60 cosmic ray telescopes deployed over the Italian territory, has the potential to search for such events, employing different analysis strategies. In this paper, we have analyzed a set of EEE data, corresponding to an approximately five month observation period, searching for multi-coincidence events among several far telescopes, within a time window of 1 ms. Events with up to 12 coincident telescopes have been observed. Results were compared to expectations from a random distribution of events and discussed with reference to the relativistic dust grain hypothesis.

Published
2021

29. Towards a full and realistic simulation framework for the Extreme Energy Events experiment

Author

Grazzi, S., Abbrescia, M., Avanzini, C., Baldini, L., Baldini Ferroli, R., Batignani, G., Battaglieri, M., Boi, S., Bossini, E., Carnesecchi, F., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Coccetti, F., Coccia, E., Corvaglia, A., Daniele De Gruttola, Pasquale, S., Fabbri, F., Galante, L., Garbini, M., Gemme, G., Gnesi, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., La Rocca, P., Liu, Z., Mandaglio, G., Maron, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mulliri, A., Nania, R., Noferini, F., Nozzoli, F., Palmonari, F., Panareo, M., Panetta, M. P., Paoletti, R., Pellegrino, C., Pinazza, O., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Riggi, F., Righini, G. C., Ripoli, C., Rizzi, M., Sartorelli, G., Scapparone, E., Schioppa, M., Scribano, A., Selvi, M., Serri, G., Squarcia, S., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vistoli, C., Votano, L., Williams, M. C. S., Zichichi, A., Zuyeuski, R., Grazzi, Stefano, Abbrescia, Marcello, Avanzini, Carlo, Baldini, Luca, Baldini Ferroli, Rinaldo, Batignani, Giovanni, Battaglieri, Marco, Boi, Stefano, Bossini, Edoardo, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Cicalo, Corrado, Cifarelli, Luisa, Coccetti, Fabrizio, Coccia, Eugenio, Corvaglia, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Fabbri, Franco Luigi, Galante, Lorenzo, Garbini, Marco, Gemme, Gianluca, Gnesi, Ivan, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Liu, Zheng, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Maron, Gaetano, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Mulliri, Alice, Nania, Rosario, Noferini, Francesco, Nozzoli, Francesco, Palmonari, Federico, Panareo, Marco, Panetta, Maria Paola, Paoletti, Riccardo, Pellegrino, Carmelo, Perasso, Laura, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Riggi, Francesco, Righini, Giancarlo Cesare, Ripoli, Cristina, Rizzi, Matteo, Sartorelli, Gabriella, Scapparone, Eugenio, Schioppa, Marco, Scribano, Angelo, Selvi, Marco, Serri, Gabriella, Squarcia, Sandro, Taiuti, Mauro, Terreni, Giuseppe, Trifirò, Antonio, Trimarchi, Marina, Vistoli, Cristina, Votano, Lucia, Williams, Meurig Crispin Stowe, Zichichi, Antonino, Zuyeuski, Roman, and La Rocca, Paola

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers, very high energy cosmic rays, GEANT4, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Abstract

The network of MRPC (Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers) telescopes of the Extreme Energy Events experiment (EEE) was designed to study very high energy cosmic rays through detection of secondary cosmic muons in the hadronic shower. To better understand and predict the behavior of such events, a GEANT4-based simulation framework that well reproduces the response of individual telescopes was built. Simulations are crucial to better understand the detectors performance in current setup and how these are affected by the specific installations. This is the first step towards a full simulation framework that includes a realistic generation, now limited to muons, of secondary particles and propagation through the atmosphere of the shower produced by primary rays. The current framework can be used to characterize and optimize the array of EEE telescopes, simulating not only the single detectors but also telescope's clusters, providing insight in extreme energy and rare events. In this contribution, the EEE simulation framework and future plans will be presented.

Published
2021

30. Looking for long-range correlations among the EEE telescopes

Author

A. Scribano, Salvatore De Pasquale, M. Taiuti, G. Serri, Luisa Cifarelli, C. Pinto, Francesco Noferini, G. Gemme, E. Bossini, M. Garbini, Despina Hatzifotiadou, M. Battaglieri, M. Schioppa, C. Ripoli, E. Coccia, M. P. Panetta, F. Fabbri, F. Coccetti, L. Galante, S. Pisano, C. Vistoli, S. Grazzi, M. N. Mazziotta, Giancarlo C. Righini, C. Pellegrino, Zheng Liu, Rosario Nania, A. Mulliri, O. Pinazza, C. Avanzini, Sandro Squarcia, Riccardo Paoletti, M. Panareo, M. Selvi, F. Carnesecchi, G. Terreni, Corrado Cicalo, Antonino Zichichi, G. Batignani, F. Palmonari, Gabriella Sartorelli, I. Gnesi, Luca Baldini, Marcello Abbrescia, M. Rizzi, Rinaldo Baldini Ferroli, Giuseppe Mandaglio, P. La Rocca, F. Nozzoli, D. De Gruttola, M. Trimarchi, S. Boi, A. Corvaglia, L. Votano, Eugenio Scapparone, Crispin Williams, Antonio Trifiro, G. Maron, Francesco Riggi, R. Zuyeuski, La Rocca, P., Abbrescia, Marcello, Avanzini, Carlo, Baldini, Luca, Baldini Ferroli, Rinaldo, Batignani, Giovanni, Battaglieri, Marco, Boi, Stefano, Bossini, Edoardo, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Cicalo, Corrado, Cifarelli, Luisa, Coccetti, Fabrizio, Coccia, Eugenio, Corvaglia, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Fabbri, Franco L., Galante, Lorenzo, Garbini, Marco, Gemme, Gianluca, Gnesi, Ivan, Grazzi, Stefano, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Liu, Zheng, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Maron, Gaetano, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Mulliri, Alice, Nania, Rosario, Noferini, Francesco, Nozzoli, Francesco, Palmonari, Federico, Panareo, Marco, Panetta, Maria Paola, Paoletti, Riccardo, Pellegrino, Carmelo, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Riggi, Francesco, Righini, Giancarlo Cesare, Ripoli, Cristina, Rizzi, Matteo, Sartorelli, Gabriella, Scapparone, Eugenio, Schioppa, Marco, Scribano, Angelo, Selvi, Marco, Serri, Gabriella, Squarcia, Sandro, Taiuti, Mauro, Terreni, Giuseppe, Trifirò, Antonio, Trimarchi, Marina, Vistoli, Cristina, Votano, Lucia, Williams, Crispin, Zichichi, Antonino, and Zuyeuski, Roman

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, COSMIC cancer database, Wide area, Photodisintegration, Extreme Energy Events, Detector, Solar field, Range (statistics), Astronomy, Environmental science, Cosmic muons, Tracking (particle physics)
Abstract

The search for long-range correlations among air showers is one of the main goal of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project. The existence of such events has only been supposed theoretically through several physical mechanisms, the most convincing being the so-called GZ effect, based on the photodisintegration of a heavy primary nucleus in the solar field. Even with a large detector coverage, current rate expectations are of few events per year. To measure time correlations among distant air showers, sparse arrays of detection stations spread over large areas are needed. A very limited number of experimental setups can perform this measurement and few experimental results have been reported over the past years. Started in 2004 the EEE project is a network of about 60 cosmic muons tracking telescopes made by 3 wide area Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs), sensitive to the direction of incident charged cosmic particles. The telescopes are distributed over the whole Italian territory, thus making the EEE array an ideal tool for the detection of long-range time correlations among extensive air showers. In this paper we will describe the analysis strategies adopted to search for such rare correlation events, together with the results obtained analysing the full statistics collected by the EEE telescopes.

Published
2021

31. Latest results from the PolarquEEEst missions

Author

G. Serri, Francesco Fabbri, C. Ripoli, Crispin Williams, Antonio Trifiro, G. Maron, Francesco Riggi, Francesco Palmonari, A. Scribano, S. Pisano, Rosario Nania, Eugenio Scapparone, C. Avanzini, F. Coccetti, R. Zuyeuski, F. Carnesecchi, Luca Baldini, Marcello Abbrescia, A. Mulliri, G. Batignani, Zin Liu, M. Rizzi, G. Gemme, Giuseppe Mandaglio, M. Schioppa, F. Nozzoli, M. Garbini, C. Vistoli, M. Battaglieri, Francesco Noferini, S. Grazzi, M. Panareo, Riccardo Paoletti, O. Pinazza, Luca Galante, M. P. Panetta, Sandro Squarcia, Carlo Pinto, Matteo Selvi, E. Bossini, Antonino Zichichi, A. Corvaglia, L. Votano, Salvatore De Pasquale, Giovanni Terreni, Rinaldo Baldini Ferroli, Gabriella Sartorelli, I. Gnesi, M. N. Mazziotta, E. Coccia, M. Taiuti, D. De Gruttola, M. Trimarchi, S. Boi, C. Pellegrino, Paola La Rocca, Luisa Cifarelli, Despina Hatzifotiadou, Giancarlo C. Righini, Abbrescia, Marcello, Avanzini, Carlo, Baldini, Luca, Baldini Ferroli, Rinaldo, Batignani, Giovanni, Battaglieri, Marco, Boi, Stefano, Bossini, Edoardo, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Cifarelli, Luisa, Coccetti, Fabrizio, Coccia, Eugenio, Corvaglia, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Fabbri, Francesco, Galante, Luca, Garbini, Marco, Gemme, Gianluca, Gnesi, Ivan, Grazzi, Stefano, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, La Rocca, Paola, Liu, Zin, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Maron, Gaetano, Nicola Mazziotta, Mario, Mulliri, Alice, Nania, Rosario, Noferini, Francesco, Nozzoli, Francesco, Palmonari, Francesco, Panareo, Marco, Paola Panetta, Maria, Paoletti, Riccardo, Pellegrino, Carmelo, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinto, Carlo, Pisano, Silvia, Riggi, Francesco, Carlo Righini, Gian, Ripoli, Cristina, Rizzi, Matteo, Sartorelli, Gabriella, Scapparone, Eugenio, Schioppa, Marco, Scribano, Angelo, Selvi, Matteo, Serri, Gabriella, Squarcia, Sandro, Taiuti, Mauro, Terreni, Giovanni, Trifirò, Antonio, Trimarchi, Marina, Vistoli, Cristina, Votano, Lucia, Williams, Crispin, Zichichi, Antonino, and Zuyeuski, Roman

Subjects
cosmic ray, secondary cosmic muons
Abstract

The PolarquEEEst scientific programme consists in a series of measurements of the cosmic ray flux up to the highest latitudes, well beyond the Polar Article Circle. It started in Summer 2018, when one telescope for cosmic rays was installed on a sailboat leaving from North Iceland, to circumnavigate the Svalbard archipelago and land in Tromsø. It collected data up to 82N, measuring with unprecedented precision the charged particle rate at sea level in these regions. During Fall of the same year and Spring 2019 the PolarquEEEst programme continued with a series of measurements performed using the same detector, which took place first in Italy, with the southernmost point reached at Lampedusa, and then in Germany, with the goal to measure the dependence of cosmic charged particle rate with latitude. Then, in May 2019, the PolarquEEEst collaboration accomplished another important result, installing a cosmic ray observatory for the detection of secondary cosmic muons at Ny Alesund, at 79N, made of three independent identical detectors positioned a few hundred meters from each other, and synchronized in order to operate together as a network. This configuration allows high precision measurements never performed before at these latitudes on a long term, also interesting for their connection with environmental phenomena. Here the various missions will be presented, and the latest results from the measurements performed will be shown.

Published
2021

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