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The present work deals with the investigation of ion-beam assisted annealing/mixing effects on compositional and structural changes in Al-Cu-Co multilayers. 800 nm thick Al₆₄Cu₂₀Co₁₆ multilayers prepared by magnetron sputtering deposition, consisting of 28 successive single-metal Al-, Cu-, and Co-nanolayers were treated by thermal annealing at 300°C, 400°C, or 500°C as well as ion irradiation by 30 MeV Cu⁵⁺ ions at fluences of 1x10¹³ to 5x10¹⁴ with an average flux of 2.38×10¹⁰ at.cm⁻²s⁻¹. The samples were characterized with SEM, EDX, XRD, and TEM including HAADF. In contrast to the original multilayer, the treated samples were found to consist of two types of alternating nanolayers. A wider coarse-grained structurally and chemically homogeneous single-phase nanolayer formed by Al₂Cu, and a narrow fine-grained two-phase nanolayer, which has a heterogeneous composite structure in which the central Co sublayer (being a residue of the original single-metal Co nanolayer) is surrounded from both sides with Al-Co sublayers, consisting of Al₉Co₂. This Co sublayer is considered to be a diffusion blocker for Al and Cu as well as hindering the movement of borders between particular nanolayers. The formation of a ternary phase in the investigated samples was not confirmed in any of the samples.

Measurement results, obtained with a CAMECA IMS 7f-auto, of an as-deposited sample and a sample after 500°C thermal treatment.

Zink oxide-based materials have a great potential to be applied in photo and electro catalysts, opto-electronic (indoor illumination, LED), etc. Attractiveness of ZnO is attributed to wide bandgap energy at room temperature (3.37 eV), high electron mobility and transfer efficiency (115-155 cm2·V-1·s-1), large exciton binding energy (60 meV), intrinsic stability, nontoxicity, environmental compatibility and also, simple and not expensive synthesis procedure. A lot of different approaches can be used to modify the bandgap (i.e. optical absorption) of ZnO materials: metal and nonmetal ion doping, hydrogenation, the incorporation of crystalline defects in the form of V and I, modification of particles morphology and surface topology, etc. In this study, eco-friendly and rapid microwave processing of a precipitate was used to produce Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles with 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.% of Fe (Zn1-xFeyO(1-x+1.5y)). The influence of different amount of Fe substituted Zn in ZnO on the crystal structure, morphological, textural, and optical properties as well as on functionality of ZnO particles was investigated. The crystal structure and phase purity of the Zn1-xFeyO(1-x+1.5y) particles were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Effects of the Fe3+ amount on particles morphology and texture properties were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, respectively. Optical properties were studied using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Functionality of ZnO particles was studied due to their photocatalytic and electrochemical activities. Photocatalytic activity was examined via decolorization of methylene blue under direct sunlight irradiation. Electrochemical behavior of the ZnO samples as anode material was evaluated by linear sw

The ion implantation technique has a number of advantages over conventional methods for the improvement of thin films that offer the various possibilities of their use in different industrial and technological fields. Herein, we present the effects of metal ion implantation on the structural and optical properties of TiN thin films. TiN films of 170 nm thickness were grown by d.c. reactive sputtering on Si (100) wafers and then irradiated at 5×1016 ions/cm2 with either Au, Ag, or Cu ions by using two different energies per each implanted metal. The results showed that as deposited TiN crystallizes in form of fcc cubic structure, with the crystallites preferentially oriented along the (111) plane. For all implanted layers the cubic crystallographic structure was preserved, but compared to as deposited TiN the crystallites were smaller and the lattice was contracted. Besides, the surface compositional analysis of as deposited sample showed the coexistence of TiN, TiO2 and TiOxNy phases and this was related to the surface oxidation of the films due to the exposure to air. After implantation, the results were almost similar for all metals, showing an increase in TiO2 contribution and the formation of pure metallic Au and Ag phases, while copper is in the Cu2+ state, which is attributed to Cu(II)-oxide and Cu(OH)2. The microstructural characteristics including defect formation, changes in the crystallite size and lattice contraction, and also growth of different metallic phases during implantations were correlated with the findings of the optical characterization of the implanted films. For as deposited film we found energy gap of 2.91 eV, which was lower than the value typical for TiN. After implantation the gap was shifted to higher energies, while at the visible part of the region, additional energy levels, at photon energies below 2.9 eV were observed. Further, all implanted films showed degraded photocatalytic activity compared to as deposited TiN, among which Cu-im

The development of automated software and the device for determination of wicking of textile materials, using open-source ImageJ libraries for image processing, and newly designed additional algorithm for the determination of threshold, is presented in this paper. The description of the device, design of the open-source software “Kapilarko”, as well as an explanation of the steps: image processing, threshold determination and reading of wicking height, are provided. We have also investigated the possibility of using the artificial neural networks for automatic recognition of the wicking height. The results showed that the recognition of the wet area of the sample, based on the application of artificial neural networks was in a very good agreement with the experimental data. The device’s utility for the measurement of wicking ability of textile materials was proved by testing various knitted fabrics. The constructed device has the advantages of providing automated measurement and minimization of the subjective errors of the operators; extremely fast or long-term measurements; digital recording of results; consistency of experimental conditions; possibility of using water instead of colors and, last but not least, low cost of the device. Considering the importance and frequent measurements of wicking ability of textile materials, the advantages of the presented device, as well as the fact that commercial software without publishing the source-code, are used for most of the available devices, we believe that our idea to design the automated software and device by applying the "open-source" approach, will be of benefit to scientists and engineers in using or improving wicking experiments.

In this work we studied the influence of In+ ion implantation on structural and optical characteristics on semiconductors with direct (GaAs) [1] and indirect (Si) [2] band gap. A plenty of information on physical properties of various semiconductor materials can be obtained from optical spectra. In order to determine optical parameters, refraction index and extinction coefficient, we employed spectroscopic ellipsometry as a very useful technique. The parameters of the implantation process and the optical properties of the implanted GaAs and Si wafers are discussed with particular emphasis on the SWIR (Short Wavelength Infrared) region. In+ ions were implanted into n-type GaAs (100) and n-type Si (100) at an acceleration energy of 60 keV with doses of 1x1014 ion/cm2 , 5x1014 ion/cm2 , 1x1015 ion/cm2 and 2x1015 ion/cm2 in both cases. The change of the optical parameters in the subsurface region of the GaAs and Si wafers caused by implanted In+ ions is observed comparing the values of ellypsometric data and energy gap (Eg) of unimplanted and implanted wafers. In order to evaluate the crystallinity of the samples we used TEM microscopy.

This study aimed to describe quality and potential health benefits of three Vranac wines obtained from new grape clones (CI, CII and CIII) recently developed and recognised. In this aim, their phenolic profiles, anti-2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activities along with metal compositions were analyzed. Compared with the commercial one, CII and CIII Vranac wines were found to contain both higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and monomeric anthocyanins as well as anti-DPPH radical activities. The most abundant phenolics were gallic acid (8.88-16.36 mg/L), catechin (12.42-24.35 mg/L) and epicatechin (4.30-7.79 mg/L). Finally, the metal content of all the analyzed samples was within the toxicological safety limits. Taken all together, Montenegrin Vranac wines represent a rich source of both phenolics and minerals exhibiting promising antioxidant potential. CII and CIII wines can be considered for commercialising due to their high amounts of gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin, significant K/Na ratios and favourable contents of essential metals making them products with health added values.

The paper presents the results of the treatment of landfill leachate by applying the method of phytoremediation using hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). The leachate was sampled from the Municipal Landfill in Novi Sad, while the common water hyacinth was purchased from the Nursery of flowers and conifers in Ugrinovci. During the research, we monitored the removal efficiency of four heavy metals, i.e., chromium, cadmium, nickel and zinc. Despite the presence and the metabolic processes of Hirudinea, as well as the accelerated degradation of the applied biomass, significant removal of heavy metals from the treated leachate has been achieved. After completion of the experiment, it was concluded that the removal efficiency of chromium is 81%, cadmium 80%, nickel 62% and zinc 80%

This study aimed to describe quality and potential health benefits of three Vranac wines obtained from new grape clones (CI, CII and CIII) recently developed and recognised. In this aim, their phenolic profiles, anti-2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activities along with metal compositions were analyzed. Compared with the commercial one, CII and CIII Vranac wines were found to contain both higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and monomeric anthocyanins as well as anti-DPPH radical activities. The most abundant phenolics were gallic acid (8.88-16.36 mg/L), catechin (12.42-24.35 mg/L) and epicatechin (4.30-7.79 mg/L). Finally, the metal content of all the analyzed samples was within the toxicological safety limits. Taken all together, Montenegrin Vranac wines represent a rich source of both phenolics and minerals exhibiting promising antioxidant potential. CII and CIII wines can be considered for commercialising due to their high amounts of gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin, significant K/Na ratios and favourable contents of essential metals making them products with health added values.

The oil content and fatty acids, unsaponifiable composition and antioxidant activities of the seed oil from three Malvaceae species (Malva sylvestris L., Malva sylvestris L. var. mauritiana and Althaea officinalis L.) from Serbia were determined. The oil yields from the seeds varied from 7.18 to 9.60%. The main fatty acids of the seed oils were linoleic acid (44.14-54.49%), oleic acid (13.00-16.99%) and palmitic acid (11.45-24.29%). A small amount of cyclopropenoid acids, up to 1.85% was also established. The predominant sterol in all seed oils was β-sitosterol (11.51-17.34 mg/g of oil). The antioxidant potential of all the investigated seed oils was evaluated by radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.

In this study the effects of 'Tradi-Lin' as a source of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) in diets for fattening cattle were presented. 'Tradi-Lin' produced from flax seed had 58% omega-3 and 15% omega-6 fatty acids of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Trial was carried out on three groups of finishing beef cattle (C, T1 and T2) with 15 heads in each and was lasted 60 days. The diets used based on maize silage and concentrate mixture. Cattle received 0, 300 and 700 g of 'Tradi-Lin' per day, respectively. At the end of trial heads were slaughtered and major parameters of the chemical composition and meat quality were determined. The results indicated that were no differences in saturated (50.85; 50.21; 50.34%) and unsaturated (49.15; 49.79; 49.66%) FA between treatments in intramuscular fat of the m. longissimus dorsi but 'Tradi-Lin' influenced the changes in structure of intramuscular fat and increased PUFA from 4.91 (C) to 5.54 (T1) and 7.31% (T2) ( P (lt) 0.05). The increase of omega-3 FA from 0.36 (C) to 0.60 (T1) and 0.76% (T2) must be pointed out, ( P (lt) 0.05). The omega-6 FA were also increased from 4.51 (C) to 4.94 (T1) and 6.22% (T2) (P>0.05) but omega-6: omega- 3 ratio was reduced from 12.25 (C) to 8.22 (T1) (P (lt) 0.05) and 8.62(T2), (P (lt) 0.01). Trans unsaturated FA which are undesirable were decreased from 3.37% (C) to 2.43% (T1) and 2.36% (T2)(P (lt) 0.05). From nutritional aspect those results have a great importance, having in mind that omega-3 FA have a vital role in human health., U radu su predstavljeni efekti korišćenja proizvoda 'Tradi-Lin' kao izvora omega-3 masnih kiselina u obrocima junadi u tovu. Proizvod 'TradiLin'dobijen je termičkom obradom semena lana, sadrži 58% omega-3 i 15% omega-6 masnih kiselina od ukupno polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PUFA) i predstavlja patent francuske firme Vitalac. Ogled je izveden na tri grupe simentalske rase junadi (C, T1 i T2) sa po 15 grla u svakoj, u periodu dva meseca pred klanje. Obroci za sve grupe junadi bili su potpuno identični i bazirani na silaži cele biljke kukuruza i smeši koncentrata. Jedina razlika bila je ta što su grla pored osnovnog obroka dobijala 0, 300 i 700 g 'Tradi-Lin' -a dnevno, respektivno. Na kraju ogleda grla su zaklana i određeni su najvažniji parametri hemijskog sastava i kvaliteta mesa. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da u intramuskularnoj masti leđnog dela M. longissimus dorsi (MLD) nije postojala razlika u sadržaju zasićenih (50,89; 50,21; 50,32%) i nezasićenih (49,15; 49,79; 49,66%) masnih kiselina među ispitivanim tretmanima (C, T1 i T2). Međutim, dodavanje 'TradiLin'- a uticalo je na promenu strukture intramuskularne masti u korist povećanja PUFA od 4,95 (C), na 5,98 (T1) odnosno 7,31% (T2) (P (lt) 0.05). Treba posebno istaći povećanje sadržaja omega-3 masnih kiselina sa 0,36 (C) na 0,60 (T1) odnosno na 0,76% (T2), (P (lt) 0,05). Jednovremeno povećao se sadržaj omega-6 masnih kiselina od 4,51 (C) na 4,94 (T1) odnosno 6,22% (T2) (P>0,05) a odnos omega -6/omega-3 smanjen sa 12,25 (C) na 8,22 (T1) (P (lt) 0,05) i 8,62 (T2), (P (lt) 0,01). Sadržaj trans nezasićenih masnih kiselina koje su nepoželjne smanjen je sa 3,37% (C) na 2,43% (T1) (P (lt) 0,05) odnosno 2,36% (T2). Dodavanje 0,7 kg ovog preparata u obroke u zadnjih dva meseca tova potpuno je ekonomski opravdano jer utiče na zanemarljivo povećanje cene u odnosu efekte koji se dobijaju. Sa nutricionističkog aspekta ovi rezultati imaju veliki značaj imajući u vidu da omega-3 masne kiseline imaju vitalnu ulogu u očuvanju z

The investigation included 5 stallions (average age of 10.40 years) and 33 mares (average age of 10.33 years) with pedigree of the English Thoroughbred horse breed that are used for breeding on the Stud Farm Ljubicevo - Serbia. The investigation of some significant properties relating to the exterior (at stallions) and reproductive ones (at mares) were carried out in the year 2009. The following average exterior (body) measures of the stallions: the body mass (474.80 kg), withers height (160.46 cm), trunk or body length (161.88 cm), breast circumference (187.96 cm) and tibia circumference (19.22 cm) were within the standards of this horse breed of the age. The gestation period at mares, regardless the sex of a colt, averagely lasted 337.70 days. With the mares having had a male colt, the gestation lasted a little bit longer (338.92 days) than with the mares having had female colts (336.90 days). The difference in the gestation duration (2.02 days) was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Between the age of the mares and the gestation duration (regardless the sex of a colt) it was found a positive slight correlation (rp=0.320). Furthermore, between the age of the mares and the gestation duration it was found medium (rp=0.453) correlation at male colts, and quite poor correlation (rp=0.202) at female colts. Found coefficients of the phenotype correlation were not statistically confirmed (P>0.05)., Istraživanjima je obuhvaćeno 5 pastuva (prosečne starosti 10,40 godina) i 33 kobile (prosečne starosti 10,33 godina) sa poznatim poreklom (pedigreom) engleske punokrvne rase konja koja se na ergeli Ljubičevo - Srbija aktivno koriste u priplodu. Utvrđivanja važnijih eksterijernih (pastuvi), odnosno reproduktivnih svojstava (kobile) sprovedena su u 2009. godini. Utvrđene prosečne eksterijerne (telesne) mere pastuva: telesna masa (474,80 kg), visina grebena (160,46 cm), dužina trupa - tela (161,88 cm), obim grudi (187,96 cm) i obim cevanice (19,22 cm) su bile u okviru standarda ove rase konja u odgovarajućoj starosnoj dobi. Bremenitost (gestacija) kobila, bez obzira na pol ždrebeta, u proseku je trajala 337,70 dana. Kod kobila koje su oždrebile mušku ždrebad bremenitost je trajala nešto duže (338,92 dana), nego kod kobila koje su oždrebile žensku ždrebad (336,90 dana). Razlika u trajanju bremenitosti (2,02 dana) nije bila statistički signifikantna (P>0,05). Između starosti kobila i trajanja bremenitosti (bez obzira na pol ždrebeta) utvrđena je pozitivna slaba korelaciona povezanost (rp=0,320). Zatim, između starosti kobila i trajanja bremenitosti utvrđena je srednja (rp=0,453) korelaciona povezanost kod muške ždrebadi, odnosno jako slaba (rp=0,202) kod ženske ždrebadi. Utvrđeni koeficijenti fenotipske korelacije nisu bili statistički potvrđeni (P>0,05).

Bioremediation potential of bacteria and fungi isolated from sediment samples from an alluvial formation of the Danube (wastewater channel) of the Pancevo Industrial Zone (Serbia) was investigated earlier. (Ilic M., Antic M., Antic V., Schwarzbauer J., Vrvic M. and Jovancicevic B., Investigation of bioremediation potential of zymogenous bacteria and fungi for crude oil degradation. Environmental Chemistry Letters (submitted)) In this paper, results concerning bioremediation potential of bacteria and fungi isolated from soil samples will be presented. Total isolated microorganisms were divided into three parts and sown in an appropriate medium. Actidione fungicide was added to one innoculum so that only bacteria propagated in it. Streptomycin antibiotic was added to a second innoculum, wherein fungi propagated. The third portion (with no additives) contained consortium of fungi and bacteria. Paraffinic petroleum, in inorganic medium in phosphate puffer, was a substrate for assessment of bioremediation potential of the mentioned microorganisms. The experiments of the simulated oil biodegradation lasted 30, 60 and 90 days. Extracts were isolated from the samples with chloroform liquid-liquid extraction. Extracts were fractionated by column chromatography. Alkane fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques.

For the purpose of investigation of factors important for slaughter yield results, a trial with three groups of young cattle of Domestic Simmental breed of different body masses was carried out. Young cattle in the first group (G1) (n=6) had average body mass of 509,00 kg (475-525), in the second group (G2) of young cattle (n=7) average body mass of 554,29 kg (530 - 575) was recorded and in the third group of young cattle (G3) (n=8) 591,13kg (580-615). Subsequent to slaughtering warm carcass sides were measured individually, with and without kidney fat, mass of internal organs was measured (kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, spleen) and mass of other secondary slaughter products (head, tongue, tail, muscle part of diaphragm). After cooling carcass sides were cut into main parts. Based on obtained results of research it was established that male cattle of group (G2) of Domestic Simmental breed of average body mass of 554,29 kg have realized higher slaughter yield compared to groups G1 and G3, whereas the share of kidney fat was the same in all three groups of young cattle. Share of mass of internal organs was the lowest in young cattle of group G2 (2,47%) whereas in other two groups it was the same. Share of mass of other secondary slaughter products (head, tongue, tail, muscle part of diaphragm) in all three groups of young cattle was the same. Share of mass of round (I category part of the carcass) was the highest in young cattle of group G3 (29,86), and statistically significantly (P (lt) 0.05) lower in group G1 (28,39). Share of carcass parts of II category (loin, back, shoulder) was the lowest in young cattle of group G3 (23,655), and of carcass parts of category III (second thigh, second fore thigh, neck, breasts, ribs, belly) in young cattle of group G2 (44,45%)., U cilju ispitivanja faktora značajnih za rezultate vrednosti randmana klanja, izveden je ogled sa tri grupe junadi domaće simentalske rase različite telesne mase. Prva grupa (G1) junadi (n=6) bila je prosečne mase 509,00 kg (475-525), druga grupa (G2) junadi (n=7) bila je prosečne mase 554,29 kg (530-575) i treća grupa (G3) junadi (n=8) bila je prosečne mase 591,13 kg (580-615). Posle klanja izvršeno je pojedinačno merenje toplih polutki sa i bez bubrežnog loja, merenje mase unutrašnjih organa (bubrezi, jetra, pluća, srce, slezina) i merenje mase ostalih pratećih proizvoda klanja (glava, jezik, rep, mišićni deo dijafragme). Posle hlađenja polutke su rasečene u osnovne delove. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata istraživanja utvrđeno je da su muška junad druge grupe (G2) domaće simentalske rase prosečne mase 554,29 kg, ostvarila veći randman u poređenju sa grupama G1 i G3, dok je učešće bubrežnog loja bilo isto kod sve tri grupe junadi. Učešće mase unutrašnjih organa najmanje je kod junadi grupe G2 (2,47%) dok je kod je kod ostale dve grupe bilo isto. Učešće mase ostalih pratećih proizvoda klanja (glava, jezik, rep, mišićni deo dijafragme) u sve tri grupe junadi je isto. Učešće mase buta (deo trupa I kategorije) najveće je u junadi grupe G3 (29,86), a statistički značajno (P (lt) 0.05) manji u grupe G1 (28,39).Udeo delova trupa II kategorije (slabine, leđa, plećka) najmanji je u junadi grupe G3 (23,655), a delova trupa III kategorije (potkolenica, podlaktica, vrat, grudi, rebra, potrbušina) u junadi grupe G2 (44,45%).

West Serbia is renowned for excellent conditions for raspberry production, with high quality fruit and yield. 'Willamette' is the most widely planted cultivar in commercial raspberry production in Serbia (about 95%). Beside 'Willamette', 'Gradina' (selected in Research Institute lt lt Serbia >>, Fruit growing and viticulture center, Cacak) was studied. Investigations included eight introduced floricane raspberry cultivars: Elida, Lucana (Resa), Marla, Meeker, Glen Ample, Niniane (Rubaca), Tulameen and Wei-Rula. Fruit weight showed large differences between cultivars, ranging from 3.55 g ('Niniane') to 7.32 g ('Glen Ample'). 'Tulameen' had the highest fruit soluble solids content (11.1%) and 'Elida' had the lowest (6.0%).

The experiment of ex situ soil bioremediation was performed at the locality of the Oil Refinery in Pancevo (alluvial formation of the Danube River, Serbia) polluted with an oil type pollutant. The experiments of biostimulation, bioventilation and reinoculation of an autochthonous microbial consortium were performed during the six-month period (May-November 2006). The changes in the quantity and composition of the pollutant, or the bioremediation effect, were monitored by analysis of the samples of the polluted soil taken in time spans of two weeks. In this way, from the beginning until the end of the experiment, 12 samples were collected and marked as P-1-P-12 (Pancevo 1-Pancevo 12). The results obtained showed that more significant changes in the composition of the oil pollutant occurred only during the last phases of the experiment (P-8-P-12). The activity of microorganisms was reflected in the increase of the quantity of polar oil fractions, mainly fatty acid fractions. In this way, the quantity of total eluate increased, and the quantity of the insoluble residue was reduced to a minimum, whereby the oil pollutant was transformed to a form that could be removed more efficiently and more completely from the soil, as a segment of the environment.

Titanium-nitrude layers are interesting as hard coathings, wear and corrosion protection materials. In general, their functional properties depend on their microstructure, i. e. the mean grain size, grain boundaries, crystalline defects, preferred orientation, surface and interface morphology, etc. Here we present a study of the micro-structural changes induced in TiN layers by irradiation with argon ions. Titanium nitride thin films were deposited by reactive ion sputtering on (100) Si to a thickness of ~250nm. After deposition the films were implanted with 120keV argon ions to the fluences of 1x1015 and 1x1016ions/cm2. Structural characterisation of the samples was performed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. It was found that ion irradiation induces local micro-structural changes, formation of nanoparticles and defects. We also measured their electrical resistivity with a four point probe. The induced crystalline defects yield an increase of electrical resistivity after ion irradiation.

study of the microstructural changes in TiN films induced by implantation of nitrogen or argon ions is presented. Titanium nitride thin films were deposited by reactive ion sputtering from a 99.9% Ti target, with an argon ion beam in a nitrogen ambient. The base pressure in the chamber was ~ 2x10-6 mbar, N2 partial pressure 3x10-4 mbar, and Ar partial pressure 1x10-3 mbar. The films were deposited on (100) Si substrates, to a thickness of 200 nm, at a rate of ~ 7 nm/min, at ambient temperature. After deposition the films were implanted with 80 keV nitrogen ions or 120 keV argon ions, to the fluences from 1-15x1015 ions/cm2. The ion beam was uniformly scanned over an area of 2x2 cm2 on the target, and the beam current was held at ~ 1 A/cm2 in order to avoid heating of the samples during ion irradiation. The implantation energy was chosen to give the projected ion range within the deposited layers, in order to minimize the influence of the substrate on the induced structural changes. Structural analysis of the samples was performed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, xray diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. While ion implantation is mainly used to improve adhesion of these layers to the substrate, our primary interest was to study microstructural changes induced within the layers. We have correlated these changes with the ion implantation parameters, i.e. the ion mass, energy and fluence.