12 results on '"Novaes, Paula"'
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2. Phytotoxicity of leaf aqueous extract of Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez (Primulaceae) on weeds/Fitotoxidade do extrato aquosos foliar de Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez (Primulaceae) sobre plantas infestantes de culturas agricolas
- Author
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Novaes, Paula, Imatomi, Maristela, Miranda, Maria Augusta Ferraz Machado, and Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Phytotoxicity of Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) Allelochemicals on Standard Target Species and Weeds
- Author
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Química Orgánica, Rial Cumbrera, Carlos, Novaes, Paula, G. Molinillo, José M., Varela Montoya, Rosa, González Molinillo, José María, Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio, Química Orgánica, Rial Cumbrera, Carlos, Novaes, Paula, G. Molinillo, José M., Varela Montoya, Rosa, González Molinillo, José María, and Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio
- Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a native plant to the Iberian Peninsula and the European Atlantic coast and invasive in American environments. Different solvents were used to perform cardoon extracts that were tested in phytotoxic bioassays. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest inhibitory activity so this was tested on the germination and growth of standard target species (lettuce, watercress, tomato, and onion) and weeds (barnyardgrass and brachiaria). The ethyl acetate extract was very active on root growth in both standard target species and weeds and it was therefore fractionated by chromatography. The spectroscopic data showed that the major compounds were sesquiterpene lactones. Aguerin B, grosheimin, and cynaropicrin were very active on etiolated wheat coleoptile, standard target species, and weed growth. The presence of these compounds explains the bioactivity of the ethyl acetate extract. The strong phytotoxicity of these compounds on important weeds shows the potential of these compounds as natural herbicide models.
- Published
- 2018
4. Alelopatia e bioprospecção de Rapanea ferruginea e de Rapanea umbellata
- Author
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Novaes, Paula and Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
- Subjects
Phytochemistry secondary metabolites ,Fitoquímica ,Allelochemicals ,Herbicida ,Metabolitos secundários ,Savanna ,ECOLOGIA [CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS] ,Cerrado ,Herbicide ,Alelopatia - Abstract
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Allelopathy is a process that involves primary or secondary metabolites produced by plants and microorganisms, which influences the growth and development of agricultural and biological systems. The intensity of plant allelopathic effects may depend on the hábitat, age and the biotic and abiotic conditions during the seasons in which they were collected. When allelopathic substances are purified and identified, they can be used to develop alternative products based on natural compounds to control weed species. The Brazilian savanna (cerrado) has very stressful environment conditions, mainly in dry periods, and should favor a greater variety of allelochemicals in Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez and Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez (Primulaceae), which have leaves with resin canals and minute secretory glands, sparse throughout the abaxial surface, that can accumulate terpenes or tannins. This thesis hypothesis is that there must be allelopathic substances in the species of Rapanea to favor their establishment in the savanna and that they should be influenced by seasonal factors or by plant age. Allelopathy occurs by the release of allelochemicals in the environment and these may have economic importance, serving as molecular models for the production of natural herbicides, less harmful to the environment. In the first chapter, we compared the effect of plant age and season of leave collection on the allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of R. ferruginea and R. umbelata. For this, germination and initial length bioassays were conducted using commercially bioindicator cultivated species (lettuce, tomato and onion) under the influence of the aqueous leaf extracts of adults and young individuals from wet and dry season at 10 and 5% (weight of leaf powder per volume of distilled water, g/mL). The extract of adult R. umbellata collected in the dry season showed the highest allelopathic activity and was chosen for the other studies of this thesis. In the second chapter, we compared the allelopathic activity of leaf aqueous extract of R. umbellata (10 and 5%) with the synthetic herbicide Oxyfluorfen on germination and initial length of weed species: barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L., Poaceae), wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L., Euphorbiaceae) and morning-glory (Ipomoea grandifolia Drammer., Convolvulaceae). In the third chapter, bioprospection, purification and isolation of secondary metabolites of agronomic interest was performed with R. umbellata leaves. Bioassays wheat of etiolated coleoptiles and germination and initial length of cress, lettuce, onion and tomato were performed under the effect of extracts of organic solvents for the direction of the compounds purification. The acetone extract was the most active and therefore was used to be fractionated by chromatographic column. It fractions were purified HPLC and Sephadex column. The isolated and purified compounds were identified by NMR1H and 13C spectra. This thesis results permit we to affirm that allelopathy is one way of the R. ferruginea and R. umbellata species to establish themselves in the savanna. The allelopathic activity of its leaves is influenced to a greater degree by the collection season (most active in dry season) than by plant age. The R. umbellata aqueous leaf extract showed distinct action than the Oxyfluorfen synthetic herbicide, being very active on the root part of the weed species while the synthetic herbicide was more active on the arial parts of these species. The bioprospection of R. umbellata leaves conditioned isolation and purification of the substances lutein and (-)- catechin. (-)-Catechin has the potential to be used as a natural origin and biodegradable herbicide. Alelopatia é o processo que envolve metabólitos secundários ou primários, produzidos pelas plantas e microrganismos, que influencia o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de sistemas agrícolas e biológicos. A intensidade dos efeitos alelopáticos de uma planta pode depender do hábitat, da idade e condições bióticas e abióticas a que estavam sujeitas na época em que forem coletadas. Quando substâncias alelopáticas são purificadas e identificadas, podem ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de produtos alernativos baseados em compostos naturais para o controle de espécies infestantes. O ambiente de cerrado possui condições ambientais bastante estressantes, principalmente na época da seca, e deve favorecer uma maior variedade de aleloquímicos nas espécies Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez e Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez (Primulaceae), que possuem folhas com canais resiníferos e glândulas secretoras diminutas, esparsas por toda face abaxial, que podem acumular terpenos ou taninos. A hipótese desta tese é que devem existir substâncias alelopáticas em espécies de Rapanea que favoreçam o seu estabelecimento no cerrado e que estas devem ser influenciadas por fatores sazonais ou pela idade das plantas. A alelopatia ocorre pela liberação de aleloquímicos no ambiente e estes podem apresentar importância econômica, servindo de modelos para a produção de herbicidas de origem natural, menos agressivos ao meio ambiente. No primeiro capítulo, comparou-se o efeito da idade e da sazonalidade da época de coleta das folhas sobre a atividade alelopática de extratos aquosos de indivíduos de R. ferruginea e R. umbelata. Para tanto, bioensaios de germinação e comprimento inicial de espécies bioindicadoras cultivadas comercialmente (alface, tomate e cebola) foram realizados sob influência dos extratos foliares aquosos de indivíduos adultos e jovens provenientes de estação chuvosa e seca à 10 e 5% (massa de pó de folhas por volume de água destilada, g/mL). O extrato de R. umbellata adulta coletada em estação seca apresentou atividade alelopática elevada e foi escolhido para os demais estudos desta tese. No segundo capítulo, comparou-se a atividade alelopática do extrato aquoso foliar de R. umbellata (10 e 5%) com a de um herbicida sintético (oxifluorfem) sobre a germinação e comprimento inicial de espécies infestantes de culturas agrícolas: capim-arroz (Echinochloa crus-galli L., Poaceae), amendoim-bravo (Euphorbia heterophylla L., Euphorbiaceae) e corda-de-viola (Ipomoea grandifolia Drammer., Convolvulaceae). No terceiro capítulo, a bioprospecção, purificação e isolamento de metabólitos secundários de interesse agronômico foi realizada com folhas de R. umbellata. Para que houvesse um direcionamento na purificação destes compostos, bioensaios de coleóptilos estiolados de trigo, germinação e comprimento inicial de agrião, alface, cebola e tomate foram realizados sob efeito de extratos de solventes orgânicos. O extrato acetônico foi o mais ativo e, portanto, foi utilizado em fracionamento em coluna cromatográfica. Suas frações foram purificadas em CLAE e coluna de Sephadex. Os compostos isolados e purificados foram identificados através de RMN1H e 13C. Os resultados obtidos com esta tese permitem dizer que a alelopatia é uma das formas das espécies de R. ferruginea e R. umbellata se estabelecerem no cerrado. A atividade alelopática de suas folhas é influenciada em maior grau pela época de coleta (mais ativas em estação seca) do que pela idade das plantas. O extrato foliar aquoso de R. umbellata apresentou ação distinta do herbicida sintético oxifluorfem, sendo bastante ativo sobre a parte radicular das espécies infestantes, enquanto o herbicida sintético foi mais ativo sobre a parte aérea destas espécies. A bioprospecção das folhas de R. umbellata levou ao isolamento e a purificação das substâncias luteína e (-)-Catequina. A (-)-Catequina apresenta potencial para ser utilizada como herbicida de origem natural e biodegradável.
- Published
- 2011
5. Phytotoxicity of Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) Allelochemicals on Standard Target Species and Weeds
- Author
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Química Orgánica, Rial Cumbrera, Carlos, Novaes, Paula, G. Molinillo, José M., Varela Montoya, Rosa, González Molinillo, José María, Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio, Química Orgánica, Rial Cumbrera, Carlos, Novaes, Paula, G. Molinillo, José M., Varela Montoya, Rosa, González Molinillo, José María, and Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio
- Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a native plant to the Iberian Peninsula and the European Atlantic coast and invasive in American environments. Different solvents were used to perform cardoon extracts that were tested in phytotoxic bioassays. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest inhibitory activity so this was tested on the germination and growth of standard target species (lettuce, watercress, tomato, and onion) and weeds (barnyardgrass and brachiaria). The ethyl acetate extract was very active on root growth in both standard target species and weeds and it was therefore fractionated by chromatography. The spectroscopic data showed that the major compounds were sesquiterpene lactones. Aguerin B, grosheimin, and cynaropicrin were very active on etiolated wheat coleoptile, standard target species, and weed growth. The presence of these compounds explains the bioactivity of the ethyl acetate extract. The strong phytotoxicity of these compounds on important weeds shows the potential of these compounds as natural herbicide models.
- Published
- 2014
6. Phytotoxic Potential of Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae)
- Author
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Química Orgánica, Watanabe, Yusuke, Novaes, Paula, Kato-Noguchi, Hisashi, Varela Montoya, Rosa, González Molinillo, José María, Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio, Química Orgánica, Watanabe, Yusuke, Novaes, Paula, Kato-Noguchi, Hisashi, Varela Montoya, Rosa, González Molinillo, José María, and Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio
- Abstract
Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae) is a plant native to southern Europe and southwestern Asia, but it is invasive in disturbed areas and agricultural fields around the world, causing many agronomic problems by interfering with crops or preventing animals from grazing on pastures. Allelopathy could be one of the reasons that this plant has spread over different continents. The aim of the present study was to bioprospect O. acanthium leaf extracts through the isolation and purification of allelopathic secondary metabolites with phytotoxicity to explain their invasive behavior. Phytotoxic activity was tested using etiolated wheat coleoptiles. The most active extract was selected to perform a bioassay-guided isolation of two flavonoids, pectolarigenin (1) and scutellarein 4’-methyl ether (2), and two sesquiterpene lactones, elemanolide 11(13)-dehydromelitensin b-hydroxyisobutyrate (3) and acanthiolide (4). All compounds were isolated for the first time from O. acanthium, and acanthiolide (4) is described for the first time. Compound 3 strongly inhibited the growth of wheat coleoptiles and 1 showed an intermediate effect. The results indicate that these compounds could contribute to the invasion of O. acanthium in ecological systems and agricultural fields.
- Published
- 2014
7. Autonomia e modulação da rede da fotossíntese e das relações hídricas de Coffea arabica em condições de campo
- Author
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Camargo-Bortolin, Lívia H.G. de, Prado, Carlos H.B. A., Souza, Gustavo M., and Novaes, Paula
- Subjects
connectance degree ,water stress ,Coffea canephora ,daily net photosynthesis ,análise sistêmica ,system analysis ,estresse hídrico ,fotossíntese líquida diurna ,grau de conectância - Abstract
The degree of connection between leaf gas exchange and leaf water potential, and the autonomy of these variables in relation to meteorological conditions were determined in three cultivars of Coffea arabica during clear and cloudy days. High values of vapor pressure deficit, air temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density resulted in low leaf autonomy during a clear day, irrespective the degree of connection among leaf physiological variables. Tight synchronization between physiological and meteorological variables was considered one important cause of net photosynthesis (P N) decreasing during a clear day. In contrast, diurnal P N was around three times higher on a cloudy day, when all cultivars presented high autonomy. Principal component analyses corroborated autonomy results revealing unambiguous opposition between leaf physiological and meteorological vectors, besides less leaf physiological variability throughout the clear day. Despite these general responses during clear and cloudy days, there were significant differences among studied cultivars. Leaf autonomy was an important reference to evaluate C. arabica under environmental stress and should be taken into account when selecting cultivars under field conditions. O grau de conexão entre as trocas gasosas e o potencial hídrico foliar e a autonomia dessas variáveis em relação às condições meteorológicas foram determinados em Coffea arabica, ao longo de dias claros e nublados. Os valores elevados do déficit de pressão de vapor, da temperatura do ar e da densidade do fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos resultaram em reduzida autonomia no dia claro, independentemente do grau de conexão entre as variáveis fisiológicas foliares. A forte sincronização entre a fisiologia da folha e as variáveis meteorológicas foi considerada uma importante causa da diminuição da fotossíntese líquida (P N) no dia claro. Por outro lado, o valor de P N foi cerca de três vezes maior no dia nublado, quando todos os cultivares apresentaram maior autonomia. A análise de componentes principais corroborou os resultados de autonomia, revelando uma clara oposição entre os vetores fisiológicos e meteorológicos, além de uma menor variabilidade das características fisiológicas da folha ao longo do dia claro. Apesar dessas respostas gerais, ocorreram diferenças significativas entre as cultivares nos dias claro e nublado. A autonomia da folha foi uma importante referência para avaliar o comportamento de C. arabica sob estresse e deve ser levada em consideração na seleção de cultivares sob condições de campo.
- Published
- 2008
8. Rustificação de plantas jovens de Coffea arabica L
- Author
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Novaes, Paula and Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
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Net photosynthesis ,Estresse hídrico ,Water use efficiency ,Coffea arabica ,Growth ,Survivorship ,Stomata conductance ,Initial development ,Leaf area ,Fisiologia vegetal ,Rustificação ,Crown structure ,Hardening ,ECOLOGIA [CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS] ,Café - cultivo ,Biomass - Abstract
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Young plants of Coffea arabica grafted over C. canephora were submitted to six watering cycles (WC) during 35 days. Each WC was accomplished until net photosynthesis (PN) close to zero or leaf water potential (Ψ) close to -2.0 MPa in Acauã (AC), Mundo- Novo (MN), and Obatã (OB) cultivars. After 2 WC (about 10 days) gs dropped from 0.15 to 0.01 mol m-2 s-1 in all cultivars changing the pattern of leaf gas exchange in subsequent WC. From 3 to 6 WC the cultivars showed high oscillations of water use efficiency or substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci) besides negative PN at the end of WC. After 3 WC, gs increased faster than PN after watering and Ci increased indicating some damage in photosynthetic machinery. It happened strongly in OB, which showed progressive reduction of PN after 3 WC and the lowest values of Ψ (-2.0 MPa) at the end of 6 WC. The survivorships for cultivars were 80% till 3 WC and 70% after 6 WC. The gas exchange pattern alteration could indicate the potential hardening of AC, MN and OB cultivars. After field plantation of hardened and control (without perivous hardening) Mundo-Novo and Obatã cultivars, with 180-days-old, it was observed significant (p
- Published
- 2007
9. Ecological phytochemistry of Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) plants
- Author
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Química Orgánica, Novaes, Paula, González Molinillo, José María, Valera Montoya, Rosa María, Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio, Química Orgánica, Novaes, Paula, González Molinillo, José María, Valera Montoya, Rosa María, and Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio
- Abstract
The Cerrado (the Brazilian savanna) is one of the vegetation formations of great biodiversity in Brazil and it has experienced strong deforestation and fragmentation. The Cerrado must contain at least 12,000 higher plant species.We discuss the ecological relevance of phytochemical studies carried out on plants from the Cerrado, including examples of phytotoxicity, antifungal, insecticidal and antibacterial activities. The results have been classified according to activity and plant family. The most active compounds have been highlighted and other activities are discussed. A large number of complex biochemical interactions occur in this system. However, only a small fraction of the species has been studied from the phytochemical viewpoint to identify the metabolites responsible for these interactions.
- Published
- 2013
10. Allelopathic Potential of Rapanea umbellata Leaf Extracts
- Author
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Química Orgánica, Novaes, Paula, Imatomi, Maristela, Valera Montoya, Rosa María, González Molinillo, José María, Lacret, Rodney, J. Gualtieri, Sonia C., Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio, Química Orgánica, Novaes, Paula, Imatomi, Maristela, Valera Montoya, Rosa María, González Molinillo, José María, Lacret, Rodney, J. Gualtieri, Sonia C., and Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio
- Abstract
The stressful conditions associated with the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) environment were supposed to favor higher levels of allelochemicals in Rapanea umbellata from this ecosystem. The allelopathic potential of R. umbellata leaf extracts was studied using the etiolated wheat coleoptile and standard phytotoxicity bioassays. The most active extract was selected to perform a bioassay-guided isolation, which allowed identifying lutein (1) and ( )-catechin (2) as potential allelochemicals. Finally, the general bioactivity of the two compounds was studied, which indicated that the presence of 1 might be part of the defense mechanisms of this plant.
- Published
- 2013
11. Interspecific variation in the allelopathic potential of the family Myrtaceae
- Author
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Imatomi, Maristela, primary, Novaes, Paula, additional, and Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Autonomy and network modulation of photosynthesis and water relations of Coffea arabica in the field
- Author
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Camargo-Bortolin, Lívia H.G. de, primary, Prado, Carlos H.B. A., additional, Souza, Gustavo M., additional, and Novaes, Paula, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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