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Nomenclatural types for twenty-nine names belonging to the genus Asparagus are typified and discussed. The following names are lectotypified: A. altiscandens Engl. & Gilg, A. altissimus Munby, A. baumii Engl. & Gilg, A. benguellensis Baker, A. burchellii Baker, A. curillus Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., A. deflexus Baker, A. duchesnei L.Linden, A. equisetoides Welw. ex Baker, A. fasciculatus Thunb., A. griffithii, Baker, A. homblei De Wild., A. kaessneri De Wild., A. lecardii De Wild., A. longicladus N.E.Br., A. longiflorus Franch., A. monophyllus Baker, A. palaestinus Baker, A. pastorianus Webb & Berthel., A. persicus Baker, A. poissonii H.Perrier, A. psilurus Welw. ex Baker, A. ritschardii De Wild., A. sapinii De Wild., A.scandens Thunb., A. schumanianus Schltr. ex H.Perrier, A. stellatus Baker, A. subfalcatus De Wild., and A. undulatus (L.f.) Thunb. (synonym of Dracaena undulata L.f.). A new name, Asparagus neofasciculatus, is proposed as a replacement name for A. fasciculatus Thunb., which is an illegitimate later homonym of A. fasciculatus R.Br. The original protologue of these names and the original materials are evaluated. Nomenclature remarks discussing the selection of type specimens are given for each name, and known isotypes or isolectotypes are also cited. This information could be utilized as a reference for future taxonomic and systematic studies on Asparagus around the world.

From four Alchemilla species described by B. S. Kharitontsev, only one (A. incisa Charitoncev, non Buser) is considered by us as a separate one, for which a new, legitimate name, A. tobolica, is proposed. Type specimens of both A. laxa (nom. illeg., non Plocek) and A. parvula were identified by us as A. micans while that of A. subobtusa was undoubtedly identified by us as A. circularis Juz., Из четырех новых видов манжеток, описанных Б. С. Харитонцевым, лишь один признан нами самостоятельным – A. incisa. Это название незаконно, будучи поздним омонимом A. incisa Buser, вследствие чего нами предложено новое название для него – Alchemilla tobolica. Образцы A. laxa и A. parvulaидентифицированы нами как A. micans. При этом первое из этих названий также незаконно по вышеупомянутой причине. Типовой экземпляр A. subobtusa без малейших сомнений идентифицирован нами как A. circularis Juz.

A checklist of the damselfishes of the world, family Pomacentridae, is presented. A total of 798 nominal species belonging to 423 valid species and 29 genera is included. Most of the species are grouped in five genera: Chromis (109 species), Pomacentrus (82), Chrysiptera (40), Stegastes (39), and Amphiprion (29), but 12 genera contain only one or two species. The following main taxonomic decisions are taken: Chrysiptera personata Fowler, 1946 is a new synonym of Chrysiptera rex (Snyder 1909); Dischistodus notophthalmus (Bleeker, 1853) is the valid name for the species known as Dischistodus melanotus (Bleeker, 1858). Chaetodon rotundus Linnaeus, 1758 and Chaetodon rotundatus Lacepède, 1802 are senior synonyms of Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787). Perca japonica Bloch, 1792 is a senior synonym of Chromis notata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843); Pomacentrus niomatus De Vis, 1884 is a senior synonym of Stegastes fasciolatus (Ogilby, 1889); Glyphisodon sculptus Peters, 1855 is a senior synonym of Abudefduf notatus (Day, 1870). All these senior synonyms are herein regarded as nomina oblita. Neopomacentrus flavicauda is proposed as nomen novum Neopomacentrus xanthurus Allen and Randall, 1980. Stegastes adustus (Troschel, 1865) is the valid name for the species known as Stegastes dorsopunicans (Poey, 1868) and Wangia Fowler, 1954 is an available name not invalidated by Wanga Chen 1943.

The genus nameBrachyhorstiaCeccolini et Cianferoni,nom. nov., is proposed to replace the genus name of the hemichordateHorstiaDeland, Cameron, Rao, Ritter et Bullock, 2010, preoccupied by the mite genusHorstiaOudemans, 1905. The following new combination is also established:Brachyhorstia kincaidi(Deland, Cameron, Rao, Ritter et Bullock, 2010),comb. nov.

A revised taxonomy of Cenozoic radiolarian families is of particular importance because exhaustive molecular phylogenetic analyses for Collodaria, Entactinaria, Nassellaria and Spumellaria have shown high level of confidence at family or higher taxonomic ranks. In this sense, this study presents a new comprehensive taxonomy at the family level that integrated a classification based on ribosomal taxonomic marker genes (rDNA) and classical morphological taxonomy. However, many family names commonly used in Cenozoic radiolarians (Polycystinea) are derived from genera whose type species were never illustrated at the time of the generic definition. Obviously, in the vast majority of those cases, the “Principle of Typification” regulated in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: Art. 61) cannot be logically applied. This has contributed to a century-long misunderstanding about the validity of Cenozoic taxa (species, genera and/or family-group names) erected without any illustration or drawing of their types, in particular the huge contribution of Ernst Haeckel from samples of the Challenger expedition (1872-1876). Reexamination of Haeckel's collection definitively confirmed that all the original types series (the specimens on which Haeckel established the nominal species-group taxon) being nonextant; in other words, all name-bearing specimens (the types) are restricted to the illustrations given in Haeckel's drawings. Because “types” in taxonomy are precious things, a nominal species-group taxon lacking at all of illustration (or indication to a repository) do not ensure the recognition of the species. Following the rules and recommendations of the ICZN, these names should be excluded from all nomenclatorial and taxonomical acts. This revision presents the state of the art of all proposed family-group names (with full synonymy lists) for Cenozoic Polycystinea.The list of family-group nominal taxa and their names was inventoried from 6694 publications (89% of the whole known references on radiolarians). The references were examined in order to clarify and fix the status of family names; hence these family-group names were rigidly classified as: valid, junior synonym, nomen dubium, nomen nudum, homonym, and invalid names. A total of 372 family-group names were proposed for the Cenozoic. These consist of 94 valid family-groups, 118 junior synonym family-groups, 111 nomen dubium family-groups (mainly artificially created in a hypothetical conceptual framework), 6 junior homonym family-groups, 19 nomen nudum family-groups, as well as 24 invalid names. In addition, one nomen novum et four new families are presented. The description of 25 families have been also emended.This study also outlines the advantages of an integrated approach to taxonomy of Polycystinea by the combination of both morphological and molecular systematics. Based on molecular phylogenetic studies, the systematic classification proposed at suprageneric level is arranged as follows:a) Order Spumellaria: three Phylogenetic Molecular Lineages (PM Lineages = suborders), 13 superfamilies and 42 families;b) Order Entactinaria: one PM Lineage, five superfamilies and nine families;c) Order Nassellaria: four PM Lineages, 16 superfamilies and 37 families;d) Order Collodaria: three superfamilies and six families.

The spider taxa included by James Barbut in his work ‘The genera insectorum of Linnaeus exemplified in various specimens of English insects drawn from nature’ from 1781 are discussed alongside some other early works of spider literature. Barbut discusses and depicts three previously described species, Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757, Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757) and Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757). Four taxa are newly described by Barbut (1781) but are unavailable nomina per Article 11.4 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The taxonomic acts of Bonnet, who failed to notice that Barbut's work was invalid for the purposes of zoological nomenclature, are discussed. Two nomina, Aranea subterranea Barbut in Meyer, 1794 and Aranea hortensis Barbut in Meyer, 1794 – both made available through the translation work by Meyer – are evaluated. Aranea subterranea Barbut in Meyer, 1794 is proposed as a nomen dubium. Aranea hortensis Barbut in Meyer, 1794 is proposed as a junior synonym of Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 syn. nov. and is thus an objective senior homonym of Araneus hortensis (Blackwall, 1859). The replacement name Araneus blackwalli nom. nov. is proposed for the latter taxon. Additionally, Aranea livido-rufa Panzer, 1804 is removed from synonymy with Metellina segmentata (Clerck, 1757) and is declared a nomen dubium.

In their paper entitled “Comparative analysis of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii genomes shows a high level of genome plasticity and warrants separation into new species-level taxa” (BMC Genomics (2018) 19:931), Fitzgerald et al. proposed a neotype strain for F. prausnitzii (strain A2–165 = DSM 17677 = JCM 31915) and assigned strain ATCC 27768 = NCIMB 13872 to a newly established taxon, Faecalibacterium moorei nom. Nov. These proposals contravene the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP). Neotype strains can only be established following a formal proposal in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in accordance with Rule 18c and Appendix 7 of the ICNP. A proposed neotype becomes an established neotype after 2 years, provided that no objections were submitted to the Judicial Commisson of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes within the first year following publication of the request. F. moorei as proposed by Fitzgerald et al. is a later homotypic synonym of F. prausnitzii. It cannot be a ‘nom. nov.’ (nomen novum): based on Rule 34a of the ICNP: this term is only used when an author transfers a species to another genus or a subspecies to another species as a new combination, but the original specific epithet cannot be used as ‘comb. nov.’ (combinatio nova) as a result of homonymy. Moreover, ATCC 27768 and NCIMB 13872 cannot be proposed as the type strain of F. moorei as these remain permanently associated with the type strain of F. prausnitzii unless the Judicial Commission of the ICSP will decide otherwise.

The land area of Laos is composed of a large variety of undisturbed habitats, such as high mountainous areas, huge limestone karsts and the lower Mekong Basin. Therefore, Laos is expected to have a high species diversity, especially for the land snails. However, with respect to research on malacology, Laos is probably the least well-researched area for land snail diversity in Indochina (including Laos) over the past few centuries. The handful of species lists have never been systematically revised from the colonial period to the present, so these classifications are outdated. Herein we present the first comprehensive annotated checklist with an up-to-date systematic framework of the land snail fauna in Laos based on both field investigations and literature surveys. This annotated checklist is collectively composed of 231 nominal species (62 ‘prosobranch’ and 169 heterobranches), of which 221 nominal species are illustrated. The type specimens of 143 species from several museum collections and/or 144 species of newly collected specimens are illustrated. There are 58 species recorded as new to the malacofauna of the country, and two new replacement names are proposed asHemiplectalanxangnicaInkhavilay and Panha,nomen novum(Ariophantidae) andChloritiskhammouanensisInkhavilay and Panha,nomen novum(Camaenidae). Four recently described species of the genusAmphidromusfrom Laos, “thakhekensis”, “richgoldbergi”, “attapeuensis” and “phuonglinhae” are synonymized with previously described species. In addition, thirteen nominal species are listed as uncertain records that may or may not occur in Laos. This annotated checklist may inspire malacologists to carry on systematic research in this region.

In a recent monograph on the genus Rosellinia, type specimens worldwide were revised and re-classified using a morphological approach. Among them, some came from Pier Andrea Saccardo’s fungarium stored in the Herbarium of the Padova Botanical Garden. In this work, we taxonomically re-examine via a morphological and molecular approach nine different Roselliniasensu Saccardo types. ITS1 and/or ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained applying Illumina MiSeq technology and phylogenetic analyses were carried out in order to elucidate their current taxonomic position. Only the ITS1 sequence was recovered for Rosellinia areolata, while for R. geophila, only the ITS2 sequence was recovered. We proposed here new combinations for Rosellinia chordicola, R. geophila and R. horridula, while for R. ambigua, R. areolata, R. australis, R. romana and R. somala, we did not suggest taxonomic changes compared to the current ones. The name Rosellinia subsimilis Sacc. is invalid, as it is a later homonym of R. subsimilis P. Karst. &amp, Starbäck. Therefore, we introduced Coniochaeta dakotensis as a nomen novum for R. subsimilis Sacc. This is the first time that these types have been subjected to a molecular study. Our results demonstrate that old types are an important source of DNA sequence data for taxonomic re-examinations.

The following replacement names in Nematoda are proposed: Hexasinghiella Ceccolini & Cianferoni nom. nov. pro Singhiella Rao, 1958 and Coronocephaloides Ceccolini & Cianferoni nom. nov. pro Coronocephalus Cordeira, 1981. Further, three new combinations (comb. nov.) are made.

Garcia-Alcalde (1972) proposed the new genus Xana (type species Xana bubo Garcia-Alcalde, 1972) for a terebratulid brachiopod included in the superfamily Stringocephalacea from the Lower Devonian of the Cantabrian Mountains (Northwestern Spain). In an email message sent on April 3, 2018, the entomologist Dr. Eduardo I. Faundez, from the Patagonia Institute, Magallanes University, Chile, warned the author that Xana was a name previously used by Kurdjumov (1917) for a hymenopteran genus. Xana Garcia-Alcalde, 1972 would be so a later homonym of Xana Kurdjumov, 1917. In accordance with articles 52.3, 52.4, 53.2, 60.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (2000), it is proposed here to replace the invalid name with the new name Xanastur .

Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cariceae, Cyperaceae) is endemic to the Afrotropical biogeographic region and is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Africa, with its center of diversity in eastern South Africa. The taxon was formerly recognized as a distinct genus and has a long history of taxonomic controversy. It has also an important morphological and molecular background in particular dealing with the complexity of its inflorescence and the phylogenetic relationships of its species. We here present a fully updated and integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium based on morphological, molecular and cytogenetic data. A total of 1,017 herbarium specimens were examined and the majority of the species were studied in the field. Previous molecular phylogenies based on Sanger-sequencing of four nuclear and plastid DNA regions and RAD-seq were expanded. For the first time, chromosome numbers were obtained, with cytogenetic counts on 44 populations from 15 species and one hybrid. Our taxonomic treatment recognizes 21 species, one of them herein newly described (C. gordon-grayae). Our results agree with previous molecular works that have found five main lineages in Schoenoxiphium. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, distribution maps and analytical drawings of all accepted species in section Schoenoxiphium, an identification key, and a thorough nomenclatural survey including 19 new typifications and one nomen novum.

A genus name of Trombidiformes Prostigmata turned out to be a junior homonym (preoccupied by an insect name) and a replacement name is proposed: Sigthoria nom. n. pro Thoria Zacharda, 1980 nec Stål, 1864. Two new combinations (comb. n.) are provided.

Cyclocephaline scarab beetles represent the second largest tribe of the subfamily Dynastinae, and the group includes the most speciose genus of dynastines, Cyclocephala. The period following publication of Sebő Endrődi’s The Dynastinae of the World has seen a huge increase in research interest on cyclocephalines, and much of this research has not been synthesized. The objective of this catalog and bibliography is to compile an exhaustive list of taxa in Cyclocephalini. This paper provides an updated foundation for understanding the taxonomy and classification of 14 genera and over 500 species in the tribe. It discusses the history of cataloging dynastine species, clarifies issues surrounding the neotype designations in Endrődi’s revision of Cyclocephalini, synthesizes all published distribution data for cyclocephaline species, and increases accessibility to the voluminous literature on the group by providing an easily searchable bibliography for each species. We propose the nomen novum Cyclocephalarogerpauli, new replacement name, for C.nigra Dechambre.

The genus Acromegalomma has been recently introduced as nomen novum for the polychaete genus Megalomma. Recently specimens of A. messapicum were collected from the coastal area of Civitavecchia (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and re-collected from the type locality (Brindisi, Adriatic Sea, Italy) allowing us to examine additional fresh material and to add some useful morphological and biological information to the original description. The present data widens the distribution of the species. The possibility to examine several specimens of A. messapicum collected in different areas allowed us to state with certainty the absence of variability as concerns both the distribution of the radiolar eyes and the collar shape. The new findings revealed a colouration pattern present in the thorax and in the branchial crown, as well as the presence of large pygidial eyes previously not reported. Specimens have very broadly hooded chaetae, especially at the beginning of the abdomen, becoming more slender and therefore narrowly hooded, proceeding towards the end of the abdomen. This could explain the incorrect statement in the original description, of the presence of narrowly hooded abdominal chaetae as characterising A. messapicum. The present data also allowed some biological observations. Acromegalomma messapicum is gonocoric with eggs measuring about 120 mm in diameter. Most of the specimens were collected in cold months but ripe specimens were found in warm months. In addition a scheme of groups of Acromegalomma species modified from that previously proposed by different authors is given, where some taxa have been moved to different groups on the basis of a new interpretation of the collar features.

The genome constitution of tetraploid Roegneria alashanica Keng has been in question for a long time. Most scientific studies have suggested that R. alashanica had two versions of the St genome, St1St2, similar to that of Pseudoroegneria elytrigioides (C. Yen & J.L. Yang) B.R. Lu. A study, however, concluded that R. alashanica had the StY genome formula typical for tetraploid species of Roegneria. For the present study, R. alashanica, Elymus longearistatus (Bioss.) Tzvelev (StY genomes), Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb.) Á. Löve (St), Pseudoroegneria libanoctica (Hackel) D.R. Dewey (St), and Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve (St) were screened for the Y-genome specific marker B14(F+R)269. All E. longearistatus plants expressed intense bands specific to the Y genome. Only 6 of 10 R. alashanica plants exhibited relatively faint bands for the STS marker. Previously, the genome in species of Pseudoroegneria exhibiting such faint Y-genome specific marker was designated as StY. Based on these results, R. alashanica lacks the Y genome in E. longearistatus but likely possess two remotely related St genomes, St and StY. According to its genome constitution, R. alashanica should be classified in the genus Pseudoroenera and given the new name Pseudoroegneria alashanica (Keng) R.R.-C. Wang and K.B. Jensen.

The Abyssinian pea (Pisum abyssinicum A. Br.), concerned in this review, is known from Ethiopia and Yemen, where it is cultivated along with the common pea (Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum). The continuously reproduced notion of its possible spontaneous occurrence in the wild ascends to suppositions made in the XIX century and is not based on any actual data. P. abyssinicum is of practical interest owing to its extra early ripening and resistance to bacterial blight. Morphologically it is very similar to P. sativum but its crossability with it is bad as either seed or pollen parent. Traditionally this reproductive barrier was associated with karyological differences. The Abyssinian pea karyotype is variable as 1–2 reciprocal translocations were reported. At the same time there are accessions not differing from the standard karyotype of P. sativum with respect to reciprocal translocations, yet their crossability with the latter is very low and the pollen fertility of F1 and F2 hybrids is lowered. Data were reported on influence of the region of Linkage Group III, containing a gene known to participate in the conflict of nucleus and plastids in remote crosses of peas, on the pollen fertility of hybrids with abyssinian pea. With their karyological variability, the known accessions of the Abyssinian pea are very close to each other genetically, as they diverged just about 4000 years ago. The presence of alleles of molecular markers common with Pisum fulvum Sibth. et Smith on the one hand and P. sativum L. subsp. elatius (Bieb.) Schmalh. on the other hand evidences in favour of an old hypotheses by L.I. Govorov that the Abyssinian pea originated from their spontaneous hybrid. This spontaneous cross may have taken place under cultivation, in Yemen or Afar Depression. A representative of P. sativum subsp. elatius was revealed, the F1 hybrids of which with the Abyssinian pea as a seed parent had fully fertile pollen. P. abyssinicum× P. fulvum crosses provide the best hybrid seed outcome among remote crosses conducted, so that P. abyssinicum can be used as a ‘bridge’ for gene introgression from P. fulvum to P. sativum. Rather a high evel of reproductive isolation of the Abyssinian pea from other representatives of the genus conforms the biological species concept, however the disposition of P. abyssinicum accessions as a small cluster among accessions of P. sativum subsp. elatius on molecular phylogeny reconstructions violates the phylogenetic species concept. Most authors assume the Abyssinian pea as a species, Pisum abyssinicum, some as a subspecies, P. sativum subsp. abyssinicum (A. Br.) Berger. Perhaps it would be most correct to consider it as a hybridogenic species. Because of the recent subsuming of the genus Pisum L. into the genus Lathyrus and with respect to the existing name Lathyrus abyssinicus A. Br. (a synonym of L. sativus L.), the Abyssinian pea is given a new name Lathyrus schaeferi (A. Braun) Kosterin nomen novum pro Pisum abyssinicum A. Braun), in honour of Hanno Schaefer, who substantiated the revision of tribe Fabeae by molecular reconstruction of its phylogeny. New combinations of Lathyrus sectio Pisum (L.) Kosterin combinatio nova and Lathurus fulvus (Sibthrop et Smith) Kosterin combinatio nova are proposed.

Seven nomenclatural novelties in Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) are proposed for taxa that will be included in the forthcoming treatment of the genus in the Flora of North America North of Mexico series. Three additional novelties are made for Mexican taxa outside the flora area. Penstemon xylus A. Nelson is determined to be the correct name for the species heretofore called P. tusharensis N. Holmgren.

Paracytheridea pucketti nom. nov. is proposed herefor Paracytheridea inflata Puckett, 2008 because this species name is pre-occupied by Paracytheridea inflata Purper & Ornellas, 1987. Keywords: Ostracoda, Paracytheridea, nomen novum, Jamaica, Eocene, systematic paleontology.

This paper represents the third contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions, information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera, as well as primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species included in these. This third paper in the GOPHY series treats 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allophoma, Alternaria, Brunneosphaerella, Elsinoe, Exserohilum, Neosetophoma, Neostagonospora, Nothophoma, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeriopsis, Pleiocarpon, Pyrenophora, Ramichloridium, Seifertia, Seiridium, Septoriella, Setophoma, Stagonosporopsis, Stemphylium, Tubakia and Zasmidium. This study includes three new genera, 42 new species, 23 new combinations, four new names, and three typifications of older names. Key words: DNA barcodes, Fungal systematics, New taxa, Taxonomic novelties: New genera: Arezzomyces Y. Marín & Crous, Globoramichloridium Y. Marín & Crous, Wingfieldomyces Y. Marín & Crous, New species: Allophoma pterospermicola Q. Chen & L. Cai, Alternaria aconidiophora Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria altcampina Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria chlamydosporifera Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria curvata Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria fimeti Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria inflata Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria lawrencei Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria montsantina Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria pobletensis Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Alternaria pseudoventricosa Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, Brunneosphaerella roupeliae Crous, Elsinoe picconiae Crous, Elsinoe veronicae Crous, Thangavel & Y. Marín, Neosetophoma aseptata Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín, Neosetophoma phragmitis Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín, Neosetophoma sambuci Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín, Neostagonospora sorghi Crous & Y. Marín, Parastagonospora novozelandica Crous, Thangavel & Y. Marín, Parastagonospora phragmitis Crous & Y. Marín, Phaeosphaeriopsis aloes Crous & Y. Marín, Phaeosphaeriopsis aloicola Crous & Y. Marín, Phaeosphaeriopsis grevilleae Crous & Y. Marín, Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum Crous & Y. Marín, Pleiocarpon livistonae Crous & Quaedvl., Pyrenophora avenicola Y. Marín & Crous, Pyrenophora cynosuri Y. Marín & Crous, Pyrenophora novozelandica Y. Marín & Crous, Pyrenophora pseudoerythrospila Y. Marín & Crous, Pyrenophora sieglingiae Y. Marín & Crous, Pyrenophora variabilis Hern.-Restr. & Y. Marín, Septoriella germanica Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín, Septoriella hibernica Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín, Septoriella hollandica Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín, Septoriella pseudophragmitis Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín, Setophoma brachypodii Crous, R.K. Schumach. & Y. Marín, Setophoma pseudosacchari Crous & Y. Marín, Stemphylium rombundicum Moslemi, Y.P. Tan & P.W.J. Taylor, Stemphylium truncatulae Moslemi, Y.P. Tan & P.W.J. Taylor, Stemphylium waikerieanum Moslemi, Jacq. Edwards & P.W.J Taylor, Vagicola arundinis Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, Zasmidium thailandicum Crous, New combinations: Arezzomyces cytisi (Wanas. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Globoramichloridium indicum (Subram.) Y. Marín & Crous, Phaeosphaeria phoenicicola (Crous & Thangavel) Y. Marín & Crous, Pyrenophora poae (Baudyš) Y. Marín & Crous, Pyrenophora wirreganensis (Wallwork et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Seiridium cupressi (Nattrass et al.) Bonthond, Sandoval-Denis & Crous, Seiridium pezizoides (de Not.) Crous, Septoriella agrostina (Mapook et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella artemisiae (Wanas. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella arundinicola (Wanas. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella arundinis (W.J. Li et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella bromi (Wijayaw. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella dactylidis (Wanas. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella elongata (Wehm.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella forlicesenica (Thambug. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella garethjonesii (Thambug. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella italica (Thambug. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella muriformis (Ariyaw. et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella rosae (Mapook et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella subcylindrospora (W.J. Li et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella vagans (Niessl) Y. Marín & Crous, Wingfieldomyces cyperi (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Y. Marín & Crous, Zasmidium ducassei (R.G. Shivas et al.) Y. Marín & Crous, New names: Pyrenophora nisikadoi Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella dactylidicola Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella neoarundinis Y. Marín & Crous, Septoriella neodactylidis Y. Marín & Crous, Typification: epitypification: Ascochyta chrysanthemi F. Stevens, Pestalotia unicornis Cooke & Ellis, Rhynchosphaeria cupressi Nattrass et al

Species of eucalypts are commonly cultivated for solid wood and pulp products. The expansion of commercially managed eucalypt plantations has chiefly been driven by their rapid growth and suitability for propagation across a very wide variety of sites and climatic conditions. Infection of foliar fungal pathogens of eucalypts is resulting in increasingly negative impacts on commercial forest industries globally. To assist in evaluating this threat, the present study provides a global perspective on foliar pathogens of eucalypts. We treat 110 different genera including species associated with foliar disease symptoms of these hosts. The vast majority of these fungi have been grown in axenic culture, and subjected to DNA sequence analysis, resolving their phylogeny. During the course of this study several new genera and species were encountered, and these are described. New genera include: Lembosiniella (L. eucalyptorum on E. dunnii, Australia), Neosonderhenia (N. eucalypti on E. costata, Australia), Neothyriopsis (N. sphaerospora on E. camaldulensis, South Africa), Neotrichosphaeria (N. eucalypticola on E. deglupta, Australia), Nothotrimmatostroma (N. bifarium on E. dalrympleana, Australia), Nowamyces (incl. Nowamycetaceae fam. nov., N. globulus on E. globulus, Australia), and Walkaminomyces (W. medusae on E. alba, Australia). New species include (all from Australia): Disculoides fraxinoides on E. fraxinoides, Elsinoe piperitae on E. piperita, Fusculina regnans on E. regnans, Marthamyces johnstonii on E. dunnii, Neofusicoccum corticosae on E. corticosa, Neotrimmatostroma dalrympleanae on E. dalrympleana, Nowamyces piperitae on E. piperita, Phaeothyriolum dunnii on E. dunnii, Pseudophloeospora eucalyptigena on E. obliqua, Pseudophloeospora jollyi on Eucalyptus sp., Quambalaria tasmaniae on Eucalyptus sp., Q. rugosae on E. rugosa, Sonderhenia radiata on E. radiata, Teratosphaeria pseudonubilosa on E. globulus and Thyrinula dunnii on E. dunnii. A new name is also proposed for Heteroconium eucalypti as Thyrinula uruguayensis on E. dunnii, Uruguay. Although many of these genera and species are commonly associated with disease problems, several appear to be opportunists developing on stressed or dying tissues. For the majority of these fungi, pathogenicity remains to be determined. This represents an important goal for forest pathologists and biologists in the future. Consequently, this study will promote renewed interest in foliar pathogens of eucalypts, leading to investigations that will provide an improved understanding of the biology of these fungi. Key words: Corymbia, Eucalyptus, Foliar pathogen, New taxa, Taxonomy, Taxonomic novelties: new family: Nowamycetaceae Crous, New genera: Lembosiniella Crous, Neosonderhenia Crous, Neothyriopsis Crous, Neotrichosphaeria Crous & Carnegie, Nothotrimmatostroma Crous, Nowamyces Crous, Walkaminomyces Crous & Carnegie, New species: Disculoides fraxinoides Crous, Elsinoe piperitae Crous, Fusculina regnans Crous, Lembosiniella eucalyptorum Crous & Carnegie, Marthamyces johnstonii Crous & Carnegie, Neofusicoccum corticosae Crous & Summerell, Neosonderhenia eucalypti Crous, Neotrimmatostroma dalrympleanae Crous, Nowamyces globulus Crous, Nowamyces piperitae Crous, Phaeothyriolum dunnii Crous & Carnegie, Pseudophloeospora eucalyptigena Crous, Pseudophloeospora jollyi Crous, Quambalaria tasmaniae Crous, Quambalaria rugosae Crous, Sonderhenia radiata Crous, Teratosphaeria pseudonubilosa G. Pérez & Carnegie, Thyrinula dunnii Crous & Carnegie, New combinations: Allelochaeta brevilata (H.J. Swart & D.A. Griffiths) Crous, Blastacervulus robbenensis (Crous et al.) Crous, Lembosiniella eucalypti (Sivan. & R.G. Shivas) Crous, Neofusicoccum versiforme (Z.Q. Yuan et al.) Crous, Neosonderhenia foliorum (Cooke) Crous, Neothyriopsis sphaerospora (Marasas) Crous, Neotrichosphaeria eucalypticola (Sivan. & R.G. Shivas) Crous & Carnegie, Nothotrimmatostroma bifarium (Gadgil & M.A. Dick) Crous, Nothotrimmatostroma eucalyptorum (Crous & Carnegie) Crous, Phacidium innumerum (Massee) Crous, Phaeothyriolum amygdalinum (Cooke & Massee) Crous & Carnegie, Phaeothyriolum corymbiae (Crous) Crous, Phaeothyriolum eucalyptorum (Crous & W.B. Kendr.) Crous, Pseudocercospora tumulosa (Carnegie & Beilharz) Carnegie & Crous, Teratosphaeria delegatensis (R.F. Park & Keane) Crous, Thyrinula parasitica (Crous) Crous, Walkaminomyces medusae (Carnegie & G.S. Pegg) Crous & Carnegie, New name: Thyrinula uruguayensis Crous for Heteroconium eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf., Epitypes: Arnaudiella eucalyptorum Crous & W.B. Kendr., Lembosiopsis eucalyptina Petr. & Syd., Leptostromella eucalypti Cooke & Massee, Microthyrium amygdalinum Cooke & Massee, Mycosphaerella marksii Carnegie & Keane, Sphaerella cryptica Cooke, Stigmina robbenensis Crous et al., Thyriopsis sphaerospora Marasas, Trichosphaeria eucalypticola Sivan. & R.G. Shivas, Trimmatostroma bifarium Gadgil & M.A. Dick

This catalogue includes all valid family-group (six subtribes), genus-group (55 genera, 33 subgenera), and species-group names (1009 species and subspecies) of Sepidiini darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae), and their available synonyms. For each name, the author, year, and page number of the description are provided, with additional information (e.g., type species for genus-group names, author of synonymies for invalid taxa, notes) depending on the taxon rank. Verified distributional records (loci typici and data acquired from revisionary publications) for all the species are gathered. Distribution of the subtribes is illustrated and discussed.Several new nomenclatural acts are included. The generic namesPhanerotomeaKoch, 1958 [=OcnodesFåhraeus, 1870] andParmulariaKoch, 1955 [=PsammodesKirby, 1819] are new synonyms (valid names in square brackets).The following new combinations are proposed:Ocnodesacuductusacuductus(Ancey, 1883),O. acuductusufipanus(Koch, 1952),O. adamantinus(Koch, 1952),O. argenteofasciatus(Koch, 1953),O. arnoldiarnoldi(Koch, 1952),O. arnoldisabianus(Koch, 1952),O.barbosai(Koch, 1952),O.basilewskyi(Koch, 1952),O.bellmarleyi(Koch, 1952),O. benguelensis(Koch, 1952),O. bertolonii(Guérin-Méneville, 1844),O. blandus(Koch, 1952),O. brevicornis(Haag-Rutenberg, 1875),O. brunnescensbrunnescens(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. brunnescensmolestus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1875),O. buccinator(Koch, 1952),O. bushmanicus(Koch, 1952),O. carbonarius(Gerstaecker, 1854),O. cardiopterus(Fairmaire, 1888),O. cataractus(Koch, 1952),O. cinerarius(Koch, 1952),O. complanatus(Koch, 1952),O. confertus(Koch, 1952),O. congruens(Péringuey, 1899),O. cordiventris(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. crocodilinus(Koch, 1952),O. dimorphus(Koch, 1952),O. distinctus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. dolosus(Péringuey, 1899),O. dorsocostatus(Gebien, 1910),O. dubiosus(Péringuey, 1899),O. ejectus(Koch, 1952),O. epronoticus(Koch, 1952),O. erichsoni(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. ferreiraeferreirae(Koch, 1952),O. ferreiraezulu(Koch, 1952),O. fettingi(Haag-Rutenberg, 1875),O. fistucans(Koch, 1952),O. fraternus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1875),O. freyi(Koch, 1952),O. freudei(Koch, 1952),O. fulgidus(Koch, 1952),O. funestus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. gemmeulus(Koch, 1952),O. gibberosulus(Péringuey, 1908),O. gibbus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1879),O. globosus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. granisterna(Koch, 1952),O. granulosicollis(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O.gridellii(Koch, 1960),O. gueriniguerini(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. guerinilawrencii(Koch, 1954),O. guerinimancus(Koch 1954),O. haemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis(Koch, 1952),O. haemorrhoidalissalubris(Koch, 1952),O. heydeni(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. humeralis(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. humerangula(Koch, 1952),O. imbricatus(Koch, 1952),O.imitatorimitator(Péringuey, 1899),O. imitatorinvadens(Koch, 1952),O. inflatus(Koch, 1952),O. janssensi(Koch, 1952),O. javeti(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. junodi(Péringuey, 1899),O. kulzeri(Koch, 1952),O. lacustris(Koch, 1952),O. laevigatus(Olivier, 1795),O. lanceolatus(Koch, 1953),O. licitus(Peringey, 1899),O. luctuosus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. luxurosus(Koch, 1952),O. maputoensis(Koch, 1952),O. marginicollis(Koch, 1952),O. martinsi(Koch, 1952),O. melleus(Koch, 1952),O. mendicusestermanni(Koch, 1952),O. mendicusmendicus(Péringuey, 1899),O. miles(Péringuey, 1908),O. mimeticus(Koch, 1952),O. misolampoides(Fairmaire, 1888),O. mixtus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. monacha(Koch, 1952),O. montanus(Koch, 1952),O. mozambicus(Koch, 1952),O. muliebriscurtus(Koch, 1952),O. muliebrismuliebris(Koch, 1952),O. muliebrissilvestris(Koch, 1952),O. nervosus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O.notatum(Thunberg, 1787),O. notaticollis(Koch, 1952),O. odorans(Koch, 1952),O. opacus(Solier, 1843),O. osbecki(Billberg, 1815),O. overlaeti(Koch, 1952),O. ovulus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. pachysomaornata(Koch, 1952),O. pachysomapachysoma(Péringuey, 1892),O. papillosus(Koch, 1952),O. pedator(Fairmaire, 1888),O. perlucidus(Koch, 1952),O. planus(Koch, 1952),O. pretorianus(Koch, 1952),O. procursus(Péringuey, 1899),O. protectus(Koch, 1952),O. punctatissimus(Koch, 1952),O. puncticollis(Koch, 1952),O. punctipennisplanisculptus(Koch, 1952),O. punctipennispunctipennis(Harold, 1878),O. punctipleura(Koch, 1952),O. rhodesianus(Koch, 1952),O. roriferus(Koch, 1952),O. rufipes(Harold, 1878),O. saltuarius(Koch, 1952),O.scabricollis(Gerstaecker, 1854),O. scopulipes(Koch, 1952),O. scrobicollisgriqua(Koch, 1952),O. scrobicollissimulans(Koch, 1952),O. semirasus(Koch, 1952),O. semiscabrum(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. sericicollis(Koch, 1952),O.similis(Péringuey, 1899),O. sjoestedti(Gebien, 1910),O. spatulipes(Koch, 1952),O. specularis(Péringuey, 1899),O. spinigerus(Koch, 1952),O. stevensoni(Koch, 1952),O. tarsocnoides(Koch, 1952),O. temulentus(Koch, 1952),O. tenebrosusmelanarius(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. tenebrosustenebrosus(Erichson, 1843),O. tibialis(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. torosus(Koch, 1952),O. transversicollis(Haag-Rutenberg, 1879),O. tumidus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1871),O. umvumanus(Koch, 1952),O. vagus(Péringuey, 1899),O. vaticinus(Péringuey, 1899),O. verecundus(Péringuey, 1899),O. vetustus(Koch, 1952),O. vexator(Péringuey, 1899),O. virago(Koch, 1952),O. warmeloi(Koch, 1953),O. zanzibaricus(Haag-Rutenberg, 1875),Psammophanesantinorii(Gridelli, 1939), andP.mirei(Pierre, 1979).The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following genus-group taxa are designated for the first time,OcnodesFåhraeus, 1870 [OcnodesscrobicollisFåhraeus, 1870],PsammodophysisPéringuey, 1899 [PsammodophysisprobesPéringuey, 1899], andTrachynotidusPéringuey, 1899 [PsammodesthoreyiHaag-Rutenberg, 1871].A lectotype is designated forHistrionotusomercooperiKoch, 1955 in order to fix its taxonomic status.UlamusKamiński is introduced here as a replacement name forEchinotusMarwick, 1935 [Type species.AviculaechinataSmith, 1817] (Mollusca: Pteriidae) to avoid homonymy withEchinotusSolier, 1843 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

A new name in the genus Ledebouria Roth is validated for Scilla viridis Blatter & Hallberg [non Scilla viridis (L.) Salisbury]. It is rediscovered after about 85 years of its first and only report. It is also redescribed on the basis of morphology, anatomy, cytology and assigned the name Ledebouria junnarensis S.S. Rahangdale & S.R. Rahangdale belonging to the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Hyacinthoideae. As this is a species endemic to the Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India, it is studied for threat status as per IUCN criteria & guidelines and assigned the status Critically Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). Identification keys for the genera and species of subfamily Hyacinthoideae reported from India are prepared on the basis of reported and observed characters.

Nomenclatural observations of the family Hesionidae Grube, 1850 (Annelida, Polychaeta), and according to the “Principle of Priority”, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, demonstrate that some current names present in this family are invalid. Firstly, the name of the subfamily Ophiodrominae, which is based on genus Ophiodromus Sars, 1862, should be replaced. This is because the genus was synonymized to Oxydromus Grube, 1855, which corresponds the oldest genus of this group. In 1998, Pleijel established the tribe Psamathini, based on type genus Psamathe Johnston, 1838; later, in 2015, Summers, Pleijel & Rouse redefined the status this tribe for subfamily Psamathinae. However, the oldest genus of this hesiond group is Nereimyra Blainville, 1828. Finally, in 2012, Pleijel, Rouse, Sundkvist & Nygren erected the tribe Amphidurini, based on genus Amphiduros Hartman, 1959. On the other hand, the oldest genus is Parahesione Pettibone, 1956. According with the Principle of Priority, these hesionid taxa must be replaced by the next oldest available name from among its synonyms, including the names of the taxa contained within the same group. Therefore, we here are establishing the subfamily Oxydrominae nomen novum, the subfamily Nereimyrinae nomen novum, the tribe Oxydromini nomen novum and the tribe Parahesionini nomen novum.

A new genus Rovnodicus gen. n., with new species Rovnodicus wojciechowskii sp. n. is described from Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine. It is placed in the subfamily Aleurodicinae. It is the first whitefly from this fossil source. Its morphological features and taxonomic position with respect to other Aleurodicinae from the Eocene are briefly discussed. The article outlines the influences of this finding on discussions of the origin, age and taxonomic similarities between Baltic amber from Ukraine and that from the Gulf of Gdańsk and Bitterfeld as well as on palaeoecological reconstructions of the fossil site. The name ‘Aleurochiton eozaenicus Weigelt 1940’, mentioned as the fossil puparium of a whitefly from the Middle Eocene Geiseltal Fossillagerstätte appears to be nomen nudum.

The mirine plant bug genus Prolygus Carvalho, 1987 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Mirini) and superficially reminiscent taxa in eastern Asia (mainly in Japan, P. R. China and Taiwan) are reviewed. Four species in the region are now assigned to Prolygus. Three new genera, Anthophilolygus gen. nov., Miyamotolygus gen. nov. and Poppiolygus gen. nov., are proposed to accommodate Prolygus bakeri (Poppius, 1915), Neolygus rufilorum (Lu & Zheng, 2004) and Lygus bengalicus Reuter, 1885, respectively. Ten new combinations and three new synonymies are established: Apolygopsis eoa (Poppius, 1915) comb. nov. [transferred from Apolygus China, 1941]; A. fuhoshoensis (Poppius, 1915) comb. nov. [Apolygus]; A. nigra (Poppius, 1915) comb. nov. [Prolygus]; Anthophilolygus bakeri (Poppius, 1915) comb. nov. [Prolygus] = P. tainanensis (Poppius, 1915) syn. nov.; Micromimetus rubrotinctus (Carvalho, 1956) comb. nov. [Lygus sensu lato]; Miyamotolygus bui (Lu & Zheng, 2004) comb. nov. [Neolygus Knight, 1917]; M. pictus (Lu & Zheng, 2004) comb. nov. [Neolygus]; M. rufilorum (Lu & Zheng, 2004) comb. nov. [Neolygus]; Poppiolygus bengalicus (Reuter, 1885) comb. nov. [Lygus sensu lato] = Prolygus kirkaldyi (Poppius, 1915) syn. nov.; Prolygus disciger (Poppius, 1915) comb. nov. [Neolygus]; P. palauensis (Carvalho, 1956) comb. nov. [Lygus sensu lato]; P. nigriclavus (Poppius, 1915) = Neolygus nigroscutellaris (Lu & Zheng, 2004) syn. nov. Two additional new species, Anthophilolygus alaneylesi sp. nov. (central Thailand) and Micromimetus sunweni sp. nov. (Lanyu Island, Taiwan), are also described. The lectotype is designated for Lygus bengalicus Reuter. Lygus sacchari Matsumura, 1910 is regarded as nomen dubium.

The genus Lamprima Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lampriminae: Lamprimini), is revised. Five species are recognised: one in New Guinea (L. adolphinae (Gestro, 1875)), two on isolated western Pacific islands (L. aenea Fabricius, 1792: Norfolk Island; L. insularis W.J. Macleay, 1885: Lord Howe Island), one in northeastern New South Wales (L. imberbis Carter, 1926) and a common widespread species in eastern and southern Australia, L. aurata Latreille, 1817. Lamprima aurata varies considerably morphologically and many of the different forms encompassed by this variation have been described as species. Our study of morphology does not support this classification. Therefore, Lamprima aurata is designated a senior synonym of the following 24 names: L. cuprea Latreille, 1817; L. latreillii W.S. MacLeay, 1819 (new synonym); L. pygmaea W.S. MacLeay, 1819 (new synonym); L. fulgida Boisduval, 1835; L. micardi Reiche, 1841 (new synonym); L. rutilans Erichson, 1842; L. splendens Erichson, 1842; L. viridis Erichson, 1842; L. nigricollis Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. purpurascens Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. sumptuosa Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. tasmaniae Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. varians Burmeister, 1847 (new synonym); L. cultridens Burmeister, 1847 (new synonym); L. amplicollis Thomson, 1862 (new synonym); L. krefftii W.J. MacLeay, 1871 (new synonym); L. violacea W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. mandibularis W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. sericea W..J Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L.nigripennis W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. minima W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. mariae Lea, 1910; L. coerulea Boileau, 1913 (new synonym); L. insularis Boileau, 1913 (new synonym). Lamprima adolphinae is a senior synonym of L. bohni (Darge & Séguy, 1953) (new synonym). Lamprima schreibersi Hope in Westwood, 1845, is an unnecessary nomen novum for L. aenea redescribed by Schreibers in 1802 from the same material as Fabricius, and therefore an objective synonym of L. aenea. Lamprima puncticollis Dejean, 1833, L. coerulea Hope in Westwood, 1845, and L. insularis Hope in Westwood, 1845, are nomina nuda, the last two names first made available by Boileau in 1913. The five Lamprima species are redescribed and recommendations made for their conservation. Type specimens of the species of Lamprima described by William Sharpe MacLeay and William John Macleay are illustrated for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for Lamprima insularis, L. latreillii, L. latreillii sericea, and L. mandibularis.

Dahanukar et al. (2016a) proposed the nomen Walkerana for a new genus of amphibians, but shortly after (2016b) they replaced it by the new nomen Sallywalkerana, believing that their nomen Walkerana was preoccupied by a generic nomen of orthopterans. This was unjustified because the orthopteran nomen ‘Walkerella’ Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009a and its new replacement nomen ‘Walkerana’ Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009b were both nomina nuda. These recent examples of nomenclatural errors in generic nomenclature are just a few among many in recent zootaxonomic publications. This opportunity is taken to make some general methodological recommendations, in several domains (availability, homonymy, synonymy, neonymy, length and palatability of nomina), for the publication of new generic nomina in zootaxonomy. However, the absence of a comprehensive database and website providing all the relevant information necessary to establish the nomenclatural status of all zoological generic and subgeneric nomina is a brake on the efforts that can be made to avoid nomenclatural errors in zoological generic nomenclature. The international community of taxonomists should seek at establishing such a database and website.

Nomenclatural changes are provided for names in the family Membracidae. The following replacement names are proposed: Gargara (Gargara) discoidea nom.nov. for Gargara (Gargara) discoidalis Ananthasubramanian, 1980; Tricentrus substitutus nom.nov. for Tricentrus yunnanensis (Yuan & Li, 2002); Indicopleustes esakii nom.nov. for Indicopleustes typicus Esaki, 1932; Neoproterpia nom.nov. for Proterpia Stål, 1867; Membracis expansa Walker, 1851 status revised is reinstated as valid on taxonomic grounds. The correct original spelling is fixed for Leptocentrus florifacialis Yuan in Yuan & Chou, 2002, and seven incorrect original spellings are documented for five additional species in which a correct spelling was later adopted by one or more of the original authors. The name Micrutalis minutus Buckton, 1902 is emended to Micrutalis minuta Buckton, 1902 and Brachytalis punctulatus Ramos is emended to Brachytalis punctulata Ramos in both cases to agree with the feminine gender of Micrutalis Fowler, 1895 and Brachytalis Metcalf & Bruner, 1925.

Today’s plant phylogeny more and more deals with ranks from the genus down, so changes in current taxonomy and nomenclature are frequently requested. For this reason, referring to the Euro+Med flora, we take here into account 20 taxa and recover the following forgotten nomenclatural combinations: Bidens atrosanguinea (Hook.) Regel, B. formosa (Bonato) Sch.Bip., B. sulphurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip., and B. tinctoria (Nutt.) Baill. ex Daydon. Moreover we propose the new names Agrostis linkii Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, Bidens selenactis Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, Bidens sweetiana Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, and the new combinations Achnatherum paradoxum (L.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, A. virescens (Trin.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, Agrostis linkii Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci subsp. prostrata (Hack. and Lange) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, Bidens atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindl.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, B. basalis (A.Dietr.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, B. gladiata (Walter) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, B. lanceolata (L.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, Calamagrostis arenaria (L.) Roth subsp. arundinacea (Husn.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, Prunus ×hybrida (Schmidt) Galasso, Banfi and Bartolucci, Solanum aethiopicum L. subsp. anguivi (Lam.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, S. macrocarpon L. subsp. dasyphyllum (Schumach. and Thonn.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, S. melongena L. subsp. insanum (L.) Banfi, Galasso and Bartolucci, and Trisetaria argentea (Willd.) Banfi, Galasso and Soldano.

The present paper continues a series of comprehensive taxonomic treatments of cercosporoid fungi (formerly Cercospora s. lat.), belonging to the Mycosphaerellaceae (Ascomycota). The fourth contribution of this series initiates treatments of cercosporoid fungi on dicots and comprises species occurring on hosts belonging the the families Acanthaceae, Actinidiaceae, Adoxaceae, Aizoaceae, Altingiaceae, and Amaranthaceae. The species are described and illustrated in alphabetical order under the particular cercosporoid genera, supplemented by keys to the species concerned. A detailed introduction, a survey of currently recognised cercosporoid genera, a key to the genera concerned, and a discussion of taxonomically relevant characters were published in the first part of this series. The following taxonomic novelties are introduced: Cercospora blepharidicola nom. nov., C. celosiigena sp. nov., C. justiciae-adhatodae sp. nov., C. justiciigena nom. nov., C. sambucicola nom. nov., C. thunbergiigena nom. nov., Cercosporella pseudachyranthis comb. nov., Pseudocercospora cyathulae comb. nov., P. depazeoides comb. nov., P. varia var. viburni-sargentii var. nov., P. viburnicola sp. nov., P. viburni-erosi sp. nov., and P. viburni-nudi sp. nov.

The name Triunia kittredgei P.M. Olde replaces Triunia robusta sensu D. Foreman (1986) following an invalid lectotypification. Triunia erythrocarpa Foreman is referred to synonymy under Triunia robusta, correctly applied. The lectotypes of T. robusta and T. montana were apparently not distributed to NSW as indicated by Sleumer (1955) and replacements are here redesignated from among the existing isolectotypes. The holotype of Triunia youngiana was not collected by Charles Moore as indicated by Moore and Mueller (1864), and Sleumer (1955) who typified the name with Moore’s collection number 4 at MEL. The evidence points to the collection Richards 4 as the holotype.

A new family of cercomegistoid mesostigmatid mites, Vitzthumegistidae, including the species of Vitzthumegistus paguroxenus (Andre, 1937b) (= Physalozercon paguroxenus Andre, 1937b); V. latronis (Vitzthum, 1937) (= Cyclothorax latronis Vitzthum, 1937); and V. andrei (a nomen novum for Cyclothorax carcinicola von Frauenfeld, 1868, sensu Vitzthum, 1928), has been proposed. This family differs from the Cercomegistidae by the following characters: a holodorsal shield, absence of presternal shield, weakly sclerotized or vestigial (neither paired nor fragmented) sternal shield in the female, a smooth anterior and lateral margin of gnathotectum, and heavily branched (polyramous) hypostomal setae 1 (hs1) in the adult. The Vitzthumegistidae fam. nov. becomes biologically a unique group within the Trigynaspida, in which the members exhibit associations with paguroid hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguroidea) in the Indo-Pacific region. A key to species of the Vitzthumegistus is provided.