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1. Influence of temperature fluctuations on plasma turbulence investigations with Langmuir probes

Author: Nold, B., Ribeiro, T. T., Ramisch, M., Huang, Z., Müller, H. W., Scott, B. D., Stroth, U., and Team, ASDEX Upgrade
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: The reliability of Langmuir probe measurements for plasma-turbulence investigations is studied on GEMR gyro-fluid simulations and compared with results from conditionally sampled I-V characteristics as well as self-emitting probe measurements in the near scrape-off layer of the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade. In this region, simulation and experiment consistently show coherent in-phase fluctuations in density, plasma potential and also in electron temperature. Ion-saturation current measurements turn out to reproduce density fluctuations quite well. Fluctuations in the floating potential, however, are strongly influenced by temperature fluctuations and, hence, are strongly distorted compared to the actual plasma potential. These results suggest that interpreting floating as plasma-potential fluctuations while disregarding temperature effects is not justified near the separatrix of hot fusion plasmas. Here, floating potential measurements lead to corrupted results on the ExB dynamics of turbulent structures in the context of, e.g., turbulent particle and momentum transport or instability identification on the basis of density-potential phase relations.
Published: 2011
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2. Recent ASDEX Upgrade research in support of ITER and DEMO

Author: Zohm, H, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Äkäslompolo, S, Angioni, C, Asunta, O, de Baar, M, Balden, M, Barrera Orte, L, Behler, K, Belapure, J, Bergmann, A, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Beurskens, M, Biancalani, A, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Bogomolov, A, Bolzonella, T, Boom, J, Böswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, van den Brand, H, Braun, F, Brezinsek, S, Brochard, F, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Camenen, Y, Carvalho, P, Carrasco, G, Cazzaniga, C, Carralero, D, Casali, L, Cavedon, M, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, CROCI, GABRIELE, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Day, C, de Marné, P, Denner, P, D'Inca, R, Douai, D, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Engelhardt, K, Ertl, K, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Fantz, U, Faugel, H, Felici, F, Fietz, S, Figueredo, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Franzen, P, Frassinetti, L, Fröschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fünfgelder, H, Fuchs, J, Gál, K, Garavaglia, S, Garcia Muñoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gleason González, C, Görler, T, Goodman, T, GORINI, GIUSEPPE, da Graca, S, Gräter, A, Granucci, G, Greuner, H, Grießhammer, J, Groth, M, Gude, A, Günter, S, Guimarais, L, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Hatch, D, Hauer, V, Hauff, T, Heinemann, B, Heinzel, S, Hellsten, T, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, E, Hobirk, J, Hölzl, M, Höschen, T, Holm, J, Hopf, C, Hoppe, F, Horvath, L, Houben, A, Huber, A, Igochine, V, Ilkei, T, Jacob, W, Jacobsen, A, Jacquot, J, Janzer, M, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Käsemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kálvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kim, D, Kimmig, S, Kirk, A, J, Klingshirn, H, Kocan, M, Koch, F, Kocsis, G, Köhn, A, Köppen, M, Kötterl, J, Koslowski, R, Koubiti, M, Kraus, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kogut, D, Krämer Flecken, A, Kurki Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Lazányi, N, Lazaros, A, Lebschy, A, Leuterer, F, Liang, Y, Linsmeier, h, Lipschultz, B, Litnovski, A, Lohs, A, Luhmann, N, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Madsen, J, Maier, H, Maj, O, Mailloux, J, Maljaars, E, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Mank, K, E, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Markina, E, Martens, C, Martin, P, Mayer, A, Mayer, M, Mazon, D, McCarthy, P, McDermott, R, Meisl, G, Meister, H, Medvedeva, A, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Mertens, V, Meyer, H, Meyer, O, Milanesio, D, Miettunen, J, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Moro, A, Moseev, D, Müller, H, Müller, S, Münich, M, Nabais, F, Nemes Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nikolaeva, V, Nielsen, S, NOCENTE, MASSIMO, Nold, B, M, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Odstrcil, T, Papp, G, Park, H, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Penzel, F, Petersson, P, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plaum, B, Plöckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Podoba, Y, Pokol, G, Pompon, F, Poli, E, Polozhiy, K, Porte, L, Potzel, S, Preuss, R, Prisiazhniuk, D, Pütterich, T, Ramish, M, Rapson, C, Rasmussen, J, Rathgeber, S, Raupp, G, Réfy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Reinke, M, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rittich, D, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Roth, J, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis Sanchez, L, Santos, G, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schneider, W, Schneller, M, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schwarz Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sehmer, T, Sertoli, M, Shalpegin, A, Sias, G, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Simon, P, Simpson, J, Snicker, A, Sommer, F, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Stobbe, F, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Sugiyama, K, J, Sun, Suttrop, W, Szepesi, T, Tál, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tichmann, C, Told, D, Tophøj, L, Tudisco, O, von Toussaint, U, Trevisan, G, Treutterer, W, Tripský, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Varela, P, Varoutis, S, Vezinet, D, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Vorpahl, C, Wagner, D, Wang, X, Wauters, T, Weidl, I, Weiland, M, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Wiesinger, M, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Wünderlich, D, Würsching, E, Yang, Z, Yu, Q, Zammuto, I, Zarzoso, D, Zasche, D, van Zeeland, M, Zehetbauer, T, Zilker, M., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, European Commission (EC), Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Zohm, H, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Äkäslompolo, S, Angioni, C, Asunta, O, de Baar, M, Balden, M, Barrera Orte, L, Behler, K, Belapure, J, Bergmann, A, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Beurskens, M, Biancalani, A, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Bogomolov, A, Bolzonella, T, Boom, J, Böswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, van den Brand, H, Braun, F, Brezinsek, S, Brochard, F, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Camenen, Y, Carvalho, P, Carrasco, G, Cazzaniga, C, Carralero, D, Casali, L, Cavedon, M, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Croci, G, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Day, C, de Marné, P, Denner, P, D'Inca, R, Douai, D, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Engelhardt, K, Ertl, K, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Fantz, U, Faugel, H, Felici, F, Fietz, S, Figueredo, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Franzen, P, Frassinetti, L, Fröschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fünfgelder, H, Fuchs, J, Gál, K, Garavaglia, S, Garcia Muñoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gleason González, C, Görler, T, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, da Graca, S, Gräter, A, Granucci, G, Greuner, H, Grießhammer, J, Groth, M, Gude, A, Günter, S, Guimarais, L, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Hatch, D, Hauer, V, Hauff, T, Heinemann, B, Heinzel, S, Hellsten, T, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, E, Hobirk, J, Hölzl, M, Höschen, T, Holm, J, Hopf, C, Hoppe, F, Horvath, L, Houben, A, Huber, A, Igochine, V, Ilkei, T, Jacob, W, Jacobsen, A, Jacquot, J, Janzer, M, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Käsemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kálvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kim, D, Kimmig, S, Kirk, A, J, K, H, Kocan, M, Koch, F, Kocsis, G, Köhn, A, Köppen, M, Kötterl, J, Koslowski, R, Koubiti, M, Kraus, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kogut, D, Krämer Flecken, A, Kurki Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Lazányi, N, Lazaros, A, Lebschy, A, Leuterer, F, Liang, Y, Linsmeier, H, Lipschultz, B, Litnovski, A, Lohs, A, Luhmann, N, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Madsen, J, Maier, H, Maj, O, Mailloux, J, Maljaars, E, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Mank, K, E, M, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Markina, E, Martens, C, Martin, P, Mayer, A, Mayer, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Meisl, G, Meister, H, Medvedeva, A, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Mertens, V, Meyer, H, Meyer, O, Milanesio, D, Miettunen, J, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Moro, A, Moseev, D, Müller, H, Müller, S, Münich, M, Nabais, F, Nemes Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nikolaeva, V, Nielsen, S, Nocente, M, Nold, B, M, N, J, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Odstrcil, T, Papp, G, Park, H, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Penzel, F, Petersson, P, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plaum, B, Plöckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Podoba, Y, Pokol, G, Pompon, F, Poli, E, Polozhiy, K, Porte, L, Potzel, S, Preuss, R, Prisiazhniuk, D, Pütterich, T, Ramish, M, Rapson, C, Rasmussen, J, Rathgeber, S, Raupp, G, Réfy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Reinke, M, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rittich, D, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Roth, J, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis Sanchez, L, Santos, G, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schneider, W, Schneller, M, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schwarz Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sehmer, T, Sertoli, M, Shalpegin, A, Sias, G, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Simon, P, Simpson, J, Snicker, A, Sommer, F, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Stobbe, F, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Sugiyama, K, J, S, Suttrop, W, Szepesi, T, Tál, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tichmann, C, Told, D, Tophøj, L, Tudisco, O, von Toussaint, U, Trevisan, G, Treutterer, W, Tripský, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Varela, P, Varoutis, S, Vezinet, D, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Vorpahl, C, Wagner, D, Wang, X, Wauters, T, Weidl, I, Weiland, M, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Wiesinger, M, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Wünderlich, D, Würsching, E, Yang, Z, Yu, Q, Zammuto, I, Zarzoso, D, Zasche, D, van Zeeland, M, Zehetbauer, T, Zilker, M, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, and EUROfusion MST1 Team
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Cyclotron, Condensed Matter Physic, Collisionality, 01 natural sciences, Resonant magnetic perturbations, Electron cyclotron resonance, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear physics, ASDEX Upgrade, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Edge-localized mode, tokamak physic, DEMO, nuclear fusion, Physics, Divertor, Condensed Matter Physics, Tokamak physics, Nuclear fusion, tokamak physics
Abstract: Recent experiments on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak aim at improving the physics base for ITER and DEMO to aid the machine design and prepare efficient operation. Type I edge localized mode (ELM) mitigation using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) has been shown at low pedestal collisionality ( ν ∗ ped < 0 . 4 ) . In contrast to the previous high ν ∗ regime, suppression only occurs in a narrow RMP spectral window, indicating a resonant process, and a concomitant confinement drop is observed due to a reduction of pedestal top density and electron temperature. Strong evidence is found for the ion heat flux to be the decisive element for the L–H power threshold. A physics based scaling of the density at which the minimum P LH occurs indicates that ITER could take advantage of it to initiate H-mode at lower density than that of the final Q = 10 operational point. Core density fluctuation measurements resolved in radius and wave number show that an increase of R/L T e introduced by off-axis electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) mainly increases the large scale fluctuations. The radial variation of the fluctuation level is in agreement with simulations using the GENE code. Fast particles are shown to undergo classical slowing down in the absence of large scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) events and for low heating power, but show signs of anomalous radial redistribution at large heating power, consistent with a broadened off-axis neutral beam current drive current profile under these conditions. Neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) suppression experiments using electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) with feedback controlled deposition have allowed to test several control strategies for ITER, including automated control of (3,2) and (2,1) NTMs during a single discharge. Disruption mitigation studies using massive gas injection (MGI) can show an increased fuelling efficiency with high field side injection, but a saturation of the fuelling efficiency is observed at high injected mass as needed for runaway electron suppression. Large locked modes can significantly decrease the fuelling efficiency and increase the asymmetry of radiated power during MGI mitigation. Concerning power exhaust, the partially detached ITER divertor scenario has been demonstrated at P sep /R = 10 MW m − 1 in ASDEX Upgrade, with a peak time averaged target load around 5MWm − 2 , well consistent with the component limits for ITER. Developing this towards DEMO, full detachment was achieved at P sep /R = 7MWm − 1 and stationary discharges with core radiation fraction of the order of DEMO requirements (70% instead of the 30% needed for ITER) were demonstrated. Finally, it remains difficult to establish the standard ITER Q = 10 scenario at low q 95 = 3 in the all-tungsten (all-W) ASDEX Upgrade due to the observed poor confinement at low β N . This is mainly due to a degraded pedestal performance and hence investigations at shifting the operational point to higher β N by lowering the current have been started. At higher q 95 , pedestal performance can be recovered by seeding N 2 as well as CD 4 , which is interpreted as improved pedestal stability due to the decrease of bootstrap current with increasing Z eff . Concerning advanced scenarios, the upgrade of ECRH power has allowed experiments with central ctr-ECCD to modify the q -profile in improved H-mode scenarios, showing an increase in confinement at still good MHD stability with flat elevated q -profiles at values between 1.5 and 2. European Commission (EUROfusion 633053)
Published: 2015
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3. Bipolare Thermofusion von biologischem Gewebe: thermoSEAL als neuer Mode für die Gefäßversiegelung

Author: Krämer, B, primary, Rothmund, R, additional, Schenk, M, additional, Kruck, S, additional, Mischinger, J, additional, Ederer, M, additional, Wagenpfeil, J, additional, Nold, B, additional, Neugebauer, A, additional, Biber, U, additional, Enderle, MD, additional, and Tsaousidis, C, additional
Published: 2016
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4. Untersuchung turbulenter Strukturen am Rand magnetisierter Plasmen

Author: Nold, B.
Published: 2013

5. Estimation of edge electron temperature profiles via forward modelling of the electron cyclotron radiation transport at ASDEX Upgrade

Author: Rathgeber, S. K., Barrera, L., Eich, T., Fischer, R., Nold, B., Suttrop, W., Willensdorfer, M., Wolfrum, E., ASDEX Upgrade Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: Electron density, Materials science, Cyclotron, Plasma, Electron, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Cyclotron radiation, Atomic physics
Abstract: We present a method to obtain reliable edge profiles of the electron temperature by forward modelling of the electron cyclotron radiation transport. While for the core of ASDEX Upgrade plasmas, straightforward analysis of electron cyclotron intensity measurements based on the optically thick plasma approximation is usually justified, reasonable analysis of the steep and optically thin plasma edge needs to consider broadened emission and absorption profiles and radiation transport processes. This is carried out in the framework of integrated data analysis which applies Bayesian probability theory for joint analysis of the electron density and temperature with data of different interdependent and complementary diagnostics. By this means, electron cyclotron radiation intensity delivers highly spatially resolved electron temperature data for the plasma edge. In H-mode, the edge gradient of the electron temperature can be several times higher than the one of the radiation temperature. Furthermore, we are able to reproduce the ‘shine-through’ peak—the observation of increased radiation temperatures at frequencies resonant in the optically thin scrape-off layer. This phenomenon is caused by strongly down-shifted radiation of Maxwellian tail electrons located in the H-mode edge region and, therefore, contains valuable information about the electron temperature edge gradient.
Published: 2013

6. Electronic issues of Langmuir probe measurements on the midplane manipulator of ASDEX Upgrade

Author: Nold, B., Holzhauer, E., Müller, H., Kammerloher, L., and ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: 2012

7. Latest investigations on fluctuations, ELM filaments and turbulent transport in the SOL of ASDEX Upgrade

Author: Müller, H. W., Adamek, J., Cavazzana, R., Conway, G. D., Fuchs, C., Gunn, J. P., Herrmann, A., Horacek, J., Ionita, C., Kallenbach, A., Kocan, M., Maraschek, M., Maszl, C., Mehlmann, F., Nold, B., Peterka, M., Rohde, V., Schweinzer, J., Schrittwieser, R., Vianello, N., Wolfrum, E., Zuin, M., ASDEX Upgrade Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: ZONAL FLOWS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Materials science, DIII-D, Turbulence, Plasma parameters, SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER, Plasma, Reynolds stress, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Momentum, ASDEX Upgrade, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, TOKAMAK, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, BALL-PEN
Abstract: This paper presents turbulence investigations in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of ASDEX Upgrade in ohmic, L-mode and H-mode discharges using electrostatic and electromagnetic probes. Detailed studies are performed on small scale turbulence and on ELM filaments. Simultaneous measurements of floating and plasma potential fluctuations revealed significant differences between these quantities. Large errors can occur when the electric field is extracted from floating potential measurements, even in ohmic discharges. Turbulence studies in ohmic plasmas show the existence of density holes inside the separatrix and blobs outside. Close to the separatrix a reversal of the poloidal blob propagation velocity occurs. Investigations on the Reynolds stress in the scrape-off layer (SOL) show its importance for the momentum transport in L-mode while its impact for momentum transport during ELMs in H-mode is rather small. In the far SOL the electron density and temperature were measured during type-I ELMy H-mode at ASDEX Upgrade resolving ELM filaments. Strong density peaks and temperatures of several 10 eV were detected during the ELM events. Additional investigations on the ions in ELM filaments by a retarding field analyser indicate ion temperatures of 50–80 eV. ELMs also expel current concentrated in filaments into the SOL. Furthermore, discharges with small ELMs were studied. In N2 seeded discharges the type-I ELM frequency rises and the ELM duration decreases. For discharges with small type-II ELMs the mean turbulent radial particle flux is increased over the mean particle flux in type-I ELM discharges at otherwise similar plasma parameters.
Published: 2011
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8. Measurements of edge turbulence in ASDEX Upgrade L- and H-mode discharges

Author: Nold, B., Miüller, H. W., Mirko Ramisch, Stroth, U., and ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: 2011

9. Pedestal formation after L-H transition in ASDEX Upgrade

Author: Willensdorfer, M., Wolfram, E., Friedrich Aumayr, Fischer, R., Nold, B., Sauter, P., Scarabosio, A., Schneider, P. A., Sieglin, B., and ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: 2011

10. Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment (ASDEX) Upgrade Team (vol 81, 033507, 2010)

Author: Adamek, J., Angioni, C., Antar, G., Atanasiu, C.V., Balden, M., Becker, W., Behler, K., Behringer, K., Bergmann, A., Bilato, R., Bobkov, V., Boom, J., Bottino, A., Brambilla, M., Braun, F., Brüdgam, M., Buhler, A., Chankin, A., Classen, I., Conway, G.D., Coster, D.P., de Marne, P., D'Inca, R., Dodt, D., Doerk-Bendig, H., Drube, R., Dux, R., Eich, T., Endstrasser, N., Engelhardt, K., Fahrbach, H.-U., Fattorini, L., Fischer, R., Forest, C., Fuchs, J.C., Gal, K., Munoz, M.G., Adamov, M.G., Giannone, L., Görler, L., Gori, S., da Graca, S., Greuner, H., Gruber, O., Gude, A., Günter, S., Haas, G., Hammer, N., Hauff, T., Heinemann, B., Herrmann, A., Hicks, N., Hobirk, J., Hölzl, M., Holtum, D., Hopf, C., Huart, M., Igochine, V., Janzer, M., Jenko, F., Kagarmanov, A., Kallenbach, A., Kammel, A., Kalvin, S., Kardaun, O., Kaufmann, M., Kick, M., Kirk, A., Klingshirn, H.-J., Koscis, G., Kollotzek, H., Konz, C., Krieger, K., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Lang, P.T., Langer, B., Lauber, P., Laux, M., Leuterer, F., Likonen, J., Liu, L., Lohs, A., Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Mank, K., Manso, M.-E., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Martin, P., Mayer, M., McCarthy, P., McCormick, K., McDermott, R., Meister, H., Meo, Fernando, Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Mertens, V., Merz, F., Meyer, H., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Müller, H.-W., Münich, M., Murmann, H., Neu, G., Neu, R., Neuhauser, J., Nold, B., Noterdaeme, J.M., Pautasso, G., Pereverzev, G., Poli, E., Potzel, S., Püschel, M., Pütterich, T., Raupp, G., Reich, M., Reiter, B., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Rohde, V., Roth, J., Rott, M., Ryter, F., Sandmann, W., Santos, J., Sassenberg, K., Sauter, P., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schneider, P., Schneider, W., Schrittwieser, R., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Seidel, U., Sempf, M., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Siccinio, M., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Speth, E., Stäbler, A., Stadler, R., Steuer, K.-H., Stober, J., Streibl, B., Strumberger, E., Suttrop, W., Tardini, G., Tichmann, C., Treutterer, W., Urso, L., Vainonen-Ahlgren, E., Varela, P., Vorpahl, C., Wagner, D., Wigger, C., Wischmeier, M., Wolfrum, E., Würsching, E., Yadikin, D., Yu, Q., Zasche, D., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., and Zohm, H.
Subjects: Fusion energy, Fusionsenergi, Fusionsenergiforskning
Published: 2010
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11. Generation of blobs and holes in the edge of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Author: Nold, B., Conway, G. D., Happel, T., Müller, H. W., Ramisch, M., Rohde, V., Stroth, U., ASDEX Upgrade Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: Physics, Tokamak, Turbulence, Plasma parameters, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Computational physics, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Langmuir probe, Electric current, Atomic physics, Shear flow
Abstract: The intermittent character of turbulent transport is investigated with Langmuir probes in the scrape-off layer and across the separatrix of ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic discharges. Radial profiles of plasma parameters are in reasonable agreement with results from other diagnostics. The probability density functions of ion-saturation current fluctuations exhibit a parabolic relation between skewness and kurtosis. Intermittent blobs and holes are observed outside and inside the nominal separatrix, respectively. They seem to be born at the edge of the plasma and are not the foothills of avalanches launched in the plasma core. A strong shear flow was observed 1 cm radially outside the location where blobs and holes seem to be generated.
Published: 2010

12. Overview of ASDEX upgrade results

Author: Zohm H., Adamek J., Angioni C., Antar G., Atanasiu C. V., Balden M., Becker W., Behler K., Behringer K., Bergmann A., Bertoncelli T., Bilato R., Bobkov V., Boom J., Bottino A., Brambilla M., Braun F., Bruedgam M., Buhler A., Chankin A., Classen I., Conway G. D., Coster D. P., de Marne P., D'Inca R., Drube R., Dux R., Eich T., Engelhardt K., Esposito B., Fahrbach H-U., Fattorini L., Fink J., Fischer R., Flaws A., Foley M., Forest C., Fuchs J. C., Gal K., Munoz M. Garcia, Adamov M. Gemisic, Giannone L., Goerler T., Gori S., da Graca S., Granucci G., Greuner H., Gruber O., Gude A., Guenter S., Haas G., Hahn D., Harhausen J., Hauff T., Heinemann B., Herrmann A., Hicks N., Hobirk J., Hoelzl M., Holtum D., Hopf C., Horton L., Huart M., Igochine V., Janzer M., Jenko F., Kallenbach A., Kalvin S., Kardaun O., Kaufmann M., Kick M., Kirk A., Klingshirn H-J., Koscis G., Kollotzek H., Konz C., Krieger K., Kurki-Suonio, Kurzan B., Lackner K., Lang P. T., Langer B., Lauber P., Laux M., Leuterer F., Likonen J., Liu L., Lohs A., Lunt T., Lyssoivan A., Maggi C. F., Manini A., Mank K., Manso M-E., Mantsinen M., Maraschek M., Martin P., Mayer M., McCarthy P., McCormick K., Meister H., Meo F., Merkel P., Merkel R., Mertens V., Merz F., Meyer H., Mlynek A., Monaco F., Mueller H-W., Muenich M., Murmann H., Neu G., Neu R., Neuhauser J., Nold B., Noterdaeme J-M., Pautasso G., Pereverzev G., Poli E., Potzel, Pueschel M., Puetterich T., Pugno R., Raupp G., Reich M., Reiter B., Ribeiro T., Riedl R., Rohde V., Roth J., Rott M., Ryter F., Sandmann W., Santos J., Sassenberg, Sauter P., Scarabosio A., Schall G., Schilling H-B., Schirmer J., Schmid A., Schmid K., Schneider W., Schramm G., Schrittwieser R., Schustereder W., Schweinzer J., Schweizer S., Scott B., Seidel U., Sempf M., Serra F., Sertoli M., Siccinio M., Sigalov A., Silva A., Sips C. C., Speth E., Staebler A., Stadler R., Steuer K-H., Stober J., Streibl B., Strumberger E., Suttrop W., Tardini G., Tichmann C., Treutterer W., Troester C., Urso L., Vainonen-Ahlgren E., Varela P., Vermare L., Volpe F., Wagner D., Wigger C., Wischmeier M., Wolfrum E., Wuersching E., Yadikin D., Yu Q., Zasche D., Zehetbauer T., and Zilker M.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Nuclear engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, ASDEX Upgrade, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, tokamak physics, 010306 general physics, DEMO, nuclear fusion
Abstract: ASDEX Upgrade was operated with a fully W-covered wall in 2007 and 2008. Stationary H-modes at the ITER target values and improved H-modes with H up to 1.2 were run without any boronization. The boundary conditions set by the full W wall (high enough ELM frequency, high enough central heating and low enough power density arriving at the target plates) require significant scenario development, but will apply to ITER as well. D retention has been reduced and stationary operation with saturated wall conditions has been found. Concerning confinement, impurity ion transport across the pedestal is neoclassical, explaining the strong inward pinch of high-Z impurities in between ELMs. In improved H-mode, the width of the temperature pedestal increases with heating power, consistent with a β1/2pol,ped scaling. In the area of MHD instabilities, disruption mitigation experiments using massive Ne injection reach volume averaged values of the total electron density close to those required for runaway suppression in ITER. ECRH at the q = 2 surface was successfully applied to delay density limit disruptions. The characterization of fast particle losses due to MHD has shown the importance of different loss mechanisms for NTMs, TAEs and also beta-induced Alfven eigenmodes (BAEs). Specific studies addressing the first ITER operational phase show that O1 ECRH at the HFS assists reliable low-voltage breakdown. During ramp-up, additional heating can be used to vary li to fit within the ITER range. Confinement and power threshold in He are more favourable than in H, suggesting that He operation could allow us to assess H-mode operation in the non-nuclear phase of ITER operation.
Published: 2009
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13. Comparison of Dimensionally Similar Turbulence in TJ-K and ASDEX Upgrade

Author: Nold, B.
Published: 2008

14. Plasma wall interaction and its implication in an all tungsten divertor tokamak. Invited Paper

Author: Neu, R., Balden, M., Bobkov, V., Dux, R., Gruber, O., Herrmann, A., Kallenbach, A., Kaufmann, M., Maggi, C. F., Maier, H., Müller, H. W., Pütterich, T., Pugno, R., Rohde, V., Sips, A. C. C., Stober, J., Suttrop, W., Angioni, C., Atanasiu, C. V., Becker, W., Behler, K., Behringer, K., Bergmann, A., Bertoncelli, T., Bilato, R., Bottino, A., Brambilla, M., Braun, F., Buhler, A., Chankin, A., Conway, G., Coster, D. P., de Marne, P., Dietrich, S., Dimova, K., Drube, R., Eich, T., Engelhardt, K., Fahrbach, H.-U., Fantz, U., Fattorini, L., Fink, J., Fischer, R., Flaws, A., Franzen, P., Fuchs, J. C., Gal, K., Garcia Munoz, M., Gemisic-Adamov, M., Giannone, L., Gori, S., da Graca, S., Greuner, H., Gude, A., Günter, S., Haas, G., Harhausen, J., Heinemann, B., Hicks, N., Hobirk, J., Holtum, D., Hopf, C., Horton, L., Huart, M., Igochine, V., Kalvin, S., Kardaun, O., Kick, M., Kocsis, G., Kollotzek, H., Konz, C., Krieger, K., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Lang, P. T., Lauber, P., Laux, M., Likonen, J., Liu, L., Lohs, A., Mank, K., Manini, A., Manso, M.-E., Maraschek, M., Martin, P., Martin, Y., Mayer, M., McCarthy, P., McCormick, K., Meister, H., Meo, F., Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Mertens, V., Merz, F., Meyer, H., Mlynek, M., Monaco, F., Murmann, H., Neu, G., Neuhauser, J., Nold, B., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Pautasso, G., Pereverzev, G., Poli, E., Pueschel, M., Raupp, G., Reich, M., Reiter, B., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Roth, J., Rott, M., Ryter, F., Sandmann, W., Santos, J., Sassenberg, K., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schirmer, J., Schmid, A., Schneider, W., Schramm, G., Schrittwieser, R., Schustereder, W., Schweinzer, J., Schweizer, S., Scott, B., Seidel, U., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Speth, E., Stäbler, A., Steuer, K.-H., Strumberger, E., Tardini, G., Tichmann, C., Treutterer, W., Tröster, C., Urso, L., Vainonen-Ahlgren, E., Varela, P., Vermare, L., Wagner, D., Wischmeier, M., Wolfrum, E., Würsching, E., Yadikin, D., Yu, Q., Zasche, D., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., and Zohm, H.
Published: 2007

15. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author: Stroth, U, Adamek, J, Aho Mantila, L, Akaslompolo, S, Amdor, C, Angioni, C, Balden, M, Bardin, S, Orte, L, Behler, K, Belonohy, E, Bergmann, A, Bernert, M, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Boom, J, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Braun, F, Brezinsek, S, Brochard, T, Bruedgam, M, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Casson, F, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coenen, J, Conway, G, Coster, D, Curran, D, da Silva, F, de Marne, P, D'Inca, R, Douai, D, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Dux, R, Eich, T, Eixenberger, H, Endstrasser, N, Engelhardt, K, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Fischer, R, Fuenfgelder, H, Fuchs, J, Gal, K, Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Goerler, T, da Graca, S, Greuner, H, Gruber, O, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Guenter, S, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Hangan, D, Happel, T, Haertl, T, Hauff, T, Heinemann, B, Herrmann, A, Hobirk, J, Hoehnle, H, Hoelzl, M, Hopf, C, Houben, A, Igochine, V, Ionita, C, Janzer, A, Jenko, F, Kantor, M, Kaesemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Kasparek, W, Kaufmann, M, Kirk, A, Klingshirn, H, Kocan, M, Kocsis, G, Konz, C, Koslowski, R, Krieger, K, Kubic, M, Kurki Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Laux, M, Lazaros, A, Leipold, F, Leuterer, F, Lindig, S, Lisgo, S, Lohs, A, Lunt, T, Maier, H, Makkonen, T, Mank, K, Manso, M, Maraschek, M, Mayer, M, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Mehlmann, F, Meister, H, Menchero, L, Meo, F, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Mertens, V, Merz, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Mueller, S, Mueller, H, Muenich, M, Neu, G, Neu, R, Neuwirth, D, Nocente, M, Nold, B, Noterdaeme, J, Pautasso, G, Pereverzev, G, Ploeckl, B, Podoba, Y, Pompon, F, Poli, E, Polozhiy, K, Potzel, S, Pueschel, M, Puetterich, T, Rathgeber, S, Raupp, G, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rohde, V, Rooij, G, Roth, J, Rott, M, Ryter, F, Salewski, M, Santos, J, Sauter, P, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schneider, P, Schneider, W, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sempf, M, Sertoli, M, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Sommer, F, Staebler, A, Stober, J, Streibl, B, Strumberger, E, Sugiyama, K, Suttrop, W, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Teschke, M, Tichmann, C, Told, D, Treutterer, W, Tsalas, M, Van Zeeland, M, Varela, P, Veres, G, Vicente, J, Vianello, N, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Viola, B, Vorpahl, C, Wachowski, M, Wagner, D, Wauters, T, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wolfrum, E, Wuersching, E, Yu, Q, Zammuto, I, Zasche, D, Zehetbauer, T, Zhang, Y, Zilker, M, Zohm, H, McCarthy, P, McDermott, R, Zohm, H., NOCENTE, MASSIMO, Stroth, U, Adamek, J, Aho Mantila, L, Akaslompolo, S, Amdor, C, Angioni, C, Balden, M, Bardin, S, Orte, L, Behler, K, Belonohy, E, Bergmann, A, Bernert, M, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Boom, J, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Braun, F, Brezinsek, S, Brochard, T, Bruedgam, M, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Casson, F, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coenen, J, Conway, G, Coster, D, Curran, D, da Silva, F, de Marne, P, D'Inca, R, Douai, D, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Dux, R, Eich, T, Eixenberger, H, Endstrasser, N, Engelhardt, K, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Fischer, R, Fuenfgelder, H, Fuchs, J, Gal, K, Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Goerler, T, da Graca, S, Greuner, H, Gruber, O, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Guenter, S, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Hangan, D, Happel, T, Haertl, T, Hauff, T, Heinemann, B, Herrmann, A, Hobirk, J, Hoehnle, H, Hoelzl, M, Hopf, C, Houben, A, Igochine, V, Ionita, C, Janzer, A, Jenko, F, Kantor, M, Kaesemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Kasparek, W, Kaufmann, M, Kirk, A, Klingshirn, H, Kocan, M, Kocsis, G, Konz, C, Koslowski, R, Krieger, K, Kubic, M, Kurki Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Laux, M, Lazaros, A, Leipold, F, Leuterer, F, Lindig, S, Lisgo, S, Lohs, A, Lunt, T, Maier, H, Makkonen, T, Mank, K, Manso, M, Maraschek, M, Mayer, M, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Mehlmann, F, Meister, H, Menchero, L, Meo, F, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Mertens, V, Merz, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Mueller, S, Mueller, H, Muenich, M, Neu, G, Neu, R, Neuwirth, D, Nocente, M, Nold, B, Noterdaeme, J, Pautasso, G, Pereverzev, G, Ploeckl, B, Podoba, Y, Pompon, F, Poli, E, Polozhiy, K, Potzel, S, Pueschel, M, Puetterich, T, Rathgeber, S, Raupp, G, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rohde, V, Rooij, G, Roth, J, Rott, M, Ryter, F, Salewski, M, Santos, J, Sauter, P, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schneider, P, Schneider, W, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sempf, M, Sertoli, M, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Sommer, F, Staebler, A, Stober, J, Streibl, B, Strumberger, E, Sugiyama, K, Suttrop, W, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Teschke, M, Tichmann, C, Told, D, Treutterer, W, Tsalas, M, Van Zeeland, M, Varela, P, Veres, G, Vicente, J, Vianello, N, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Viola, B, Vorpahl, C, Wachowski, M, Wagner, D, Wauters, T, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wolfrum, E, Wuersching, E, Yu, Q, Zammuto, I, Zasche, D, Zehetbauer, T, Zhang, Y, Zilker, M, Zohm, H, McCarthy, P, McDermott, R, Zohm, H., and NOCENTE, MASSIMO
Abstract: The medium size divertor tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (major and minor radii 1.65 m and 0.5 m, respectively, magnetic-field strength 2.5 T) possesses flexible shaping and versatile heating and current drive systems. Recently the technical capabilities were extended by increasing the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) power, by installing 2 × 8 internal magnetic perturbation coils, and by improving the ion cyclotron range of frequency compatibility with the tungsten wall. With the perturbation coils, reliable suppression of large type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) could be demonstrated in a wide operational window, which opens up above a critical plasma pedestal density. The pellet fuelling efficiency was observed to increase which gives access to H-mode discharges with peaked density profiles at line densities clearly exceeding the empirical Greenwald limit. Owing to the increased ECRH power of 4 MW, H-mode discharges could be studied in regimes with dominant electron heating and low plasma rotation velocities, i.e. under conditions particularly relevant for ITER. The ion-pressure gradient and the neoclassical radial electric field emerge as key parameters for the transition. Using the total simultaneously available heating power of 23 MW, high performance discharges have been carried out where feed-back controlled radiative cooling in the core and the divertor allowed the divertor peak power loads to be maintained below 5 MW m -2. Under attached divertor conditions, a multi-device scaling expression for the power-decay length was obtained which is independent of major radius and decreases with magnetic field resulting in a decay length of 1 mm for ITER. At higher densities and under partially detached conditions, however, a broadening of the decay length is observed. In discharges with density ramps up to the density limit, the divertor plasma shows a complex behaviour with a localized high-density region in the inner divertor before the outer divertor detaches.
Published: 2013

16. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author: Kallenbach, A., Adamek, J., Aho-Mantila, L., Äkäslompolo, S., Angioni, C., Atanasiu, C.V., Balden, M., Behler, K., Belonohy, E., Bergmann, A., Bernert, M., Bilato, R., Bobkov, V., Boom, J., Bottino, A., Braun, F., Brüdgam, M., Buhler, A., Burckhart, A., Chankin, A., Classen, I.G.J., Conway, G.D., Coster, D.P., de Marné, P., D'Inca, R., Drube, R., Dux, R., Eich, T., Endstrasser, N., Engelhardt, K., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Fahrbach, H.-U., Fattorini, L., Fischer, R., Flaws, A., Fünfgelder, H., Fuchs, J.C., Gál, K., García Muñoz, M., Geiger, B., Gemisic Adamov, M., Giannone, L., Giroud, C., Görler, T., da Graca, S., Greuner, H., Gruber, O., Gude, A., Günter, S., Haas, G., Hakola, A.H., Hangan, D., Happel, T., Hauff, T., Heinemann, B., Herrmann, A., Hicks, N., Hobirk, J., Höhnle, H., Hölzl, M., Hopf, C., Horton, L., Huart, M., Igochine, V., Ionita, C., Janzer, A., Jenko, F., Käsemann, C.-P., Kálvin, S., Kardaun, O., Kaufmann, M., Kirk, A., Klingshirn, H.-J., Kocan, M., Kocsis, G., Kollotzek, H., Konz, C., Koslowski, R., Krieger, K., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Lang, P.T., Lauber, P., Laux, M., Leipold, Frank, Leuterer, F., Lohs, A., Luhmann, N.C., Jr, Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Maier, H., Maggi, C., Mank, K., Manso, M.-E., Maraschek, M., Martin, P., Mayer, M., McCarthy, P.J., McDermott, R., Meister, H., Menchero, L., Meo, Fernando, Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Mertens, V., Merz, F., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Müller, H.W., Münich, M., Murmann, H., Neu, G., Neu, R., Nold, B., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Park, H.K., Pautasso, G., Pereverzev, G., Podoba, Y., Pompon, F., Poli, E., Polochiy, K., Potzel, S., Prechtl, M., Püschel, M.J., Pütterich, T., Rathgeber, S.K., Raupp, G., Reich, M., Reiter, B., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Rohde, V., Roth, J., Rott, M., Ryter, F., Sandmann, W., Santos, J., Sassenberg, K., Sauter, P., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schneider, P.A., Schneider, W., Schramm, G., Schrittwieser, R., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Sempf, M., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Siccinio, M., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Sips, A.C.C., Sommer, F., Stäbler, A., Stober, J., Streibl, B., Strumberger, E., Sugiyama, K., Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tardini, G., Tichmann, C., Told, D., Treutterer, W., Urso, L., Varela, P., Vincente, J., Vianello, N., Vierle, T., Viezzer, E., Vorpahl, C., Wagner, D., Weller, A., Wenninger, R., Wieland, B., Wigger, C., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wolfrum, E., Würsching, E., Yadikin, D., Yu, Q., Zammuto, I., Zasche, D., Zehetbauer, T., Zhang, Y., Zilker, M., Zohm, H., Kallenbach, A., Adamek, J., Aho-Mantila, L., Äkäslompolo, S., Angioni, C., Atanasiu, C.V., Balden, M., Behler, K., Belonohy, E., Bergmann, A., Bernert, M., Bilato, R., Bobkov, V., Boom, J., Bottino, A., Braun, F., Brüdgam, M., Buhler, A., Burckhart, A., Chankin, A., Classen, I.G.J., Conway, G.D., Coster, D.P., de Marné, P., D'Inca, R., Drube, R., Dux, R., Eich, T., Endstrasser, N., Engelhardt, K., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Fahrbach, H.-U., Fattorini, L., Fischer, R., Flaws, A., Fünfgelder, H., Fuchs, J.C., Gál, K., García Muñoz, M., Geiger, B., Gemisic Adamov, M., Giannone, L., Giroud, C., Görler, T., da Graca, S., Greuner, H., Gruber, O., Gude, A., Günter, S., Haas, G., Hakola, A.H., Hangan, D., Happel, T., Hauff, T., Heinemann, B., Herrmann, A., Hicks, N., Hobirk, J., Höhnle, H., Hölzl, M., Hopf, C., Horton, L., Huart, M., Igochine, V., Ionita, C., Janzer, A., Jenko, F., Käsemann, C.-P., Kálvin, S., Kardaun, O., Kaufmann, M., Kirk, A., Klingshirn, H.-J., Kocan, M., Kocsis, G., Kollotzek, H., Konz, C., Koslowski, R., Krieger, K., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Lang, P.T., Lauber, P., Laux, M., Leipold, Frank, Leuterer, F., Lohs, A., Luhmann, N.C., Jr, Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Maier, H., Maggi, C., Mank, K., Manso, M.-E., Maraschek, M., Martin, P., Mayer, M., McCarthy, P.J., McDermott, R., Meister, H., Menchero, L., Meo, Fernando, Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Mertens, V., Merz, F., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Müller, H.W., Münich, M., Murmann, H., Neu, G., Neu, R., Nold, B., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Park, H.K., Pautasso, G., Pereverzev, G., Podoba, Y., Pompon, F., Poli, E., Polochiy, K., Potzel, S., Prechtl, M., Püschel, M.J., Pütterich, T., Rathgeber, S.K., Raupp, G., Reich, M., Reiter, B., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Rohde, V., Roth, J., Rott, M., Ryter, F., Sandmann, W., Santos, J., Sassenberg, K., Sauter, P., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schneider, P.A., Schneider, W., Schramm, G., Schrittwieser, R., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Sempf, M., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Siccinio, M., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Sips, A.C.C., Sommer, F., Stäbler, A., Stober, J., Streibl, B., Strumberger, E., Sugiyama, K., Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tardini, G., Tichmann, C., Told, D., Treutterer, W., Urso, L., Varela, P., Vincente, J., Vianello, N., Vierle, T., Viezzer, E., Vorpahl, C., Wagner, D., Weller, A., Wenninger, R., Wieland, B., Wigger, C., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wolfrum, E., Würsching, E., Yadikin, D., Yu, Q., Zammuto, I., Zasche, D., Zehetbauer, T., Zhang, Y., Zilker, M., and Zohm, H.
Abstract: The ASDEX Upgrade programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. After the finalization of the tungsten coating of the plasma facing components, the re-availability of all flywheel-generators allowed high-power operation with up to 20 MW heating power at Ip up to 1.2 MA. Implementation of alternative ECRH schemes (140 GHz O2- and X3-mode) facilitated central heating above ne = 1.2 × 1020 m−3 and low q95 operation at Bt = 1.8 T. Central O2-mode heating was successfully used in high P/R discharges with 20 MW total heating power and divertor load control with nitrogen seeding. Improved energy confinement is obtained with nitrogen seeding both for type-I and type-III ELMy conditions. The main contributor is increased plasma temperature, no significant changes in the density profile have been observed. This behaviour may be explained by higher pedestal temperatures caused by ion dilution in combination with a pressure limited pedestal and hollow nitrogen profiles. Core particle transport simulations with gyrokinetic calculations have been benchmarked by dedicated discharges using variations of the ECRH deposition location. The reaction of normalized electron density gradients to variations of temperature gradients and the Te/Ti ratio could be well reproduced. Doppler reflectometry studies at the L–H transition allowed the disentanglement of the interplay between the oscillatory geodesic acoustic modes, turbulent fluctuations and the mean equilibrium E × B flow in the edge negative Er well region just inside the separatrix. Improved pedestal diagnostics revealed also a refined picture of the pedestal transport in the fully developed H-mode type-I ELM cycle. Impurity ion transport turned out to be neoclassical in between ELMs. Electron and energy transport remain anomalous, but exhibit different recovery time scales after an ELM. After
Published: 2011

17. Plasma wall interaction and its implication in an all tungsted divertor tokamak

Author: Neu, R., Balden, M., Bobkov, V., Dux, R., Gruber, O., Herrmann, A., Kallenbach, A., Kaufmann, M., Maggi, C.F., Maier, H., Müller, H.W., Pütterich, T., Pugno, R., Rohde, V., Sips, A.C.C., Stober, J., Suttrop, W., Angioni, C., Atanasiu, C.V., Becker, W., Behler, K., Behringer, K., Bergmann, A., Bertoncelli, T., Bilato, R., Bottino, A., Brambilla, M., Braun, F., Buhler, A., Chankin, A., Conway, G., Coster, D.P., Marne, P. de, Dietrich, S., Dimova, K., Drube, R., Eich, T., Engelhardt, K., Fahrbach, H.-U., Fantz, U., Fattorini, L., Fink, J., Fischer, R., Flaws, A., Franzen, P., Fuchs, J.C., Gal, K., Munoz, M.G, Gemisic-Adamov, M., Giannone, L., Gori, S., Graca, S. da, Greuner, H., Gude, A., Günter, S., Haas, G., Harhausen, J., Heinemann, B., Hicks, N., Hobirk, J., Holtum, D., Hopf, C., Horton, L., Huart, M., Igochine, V., Kalvin, S., Kardaun, O., Kick, M., Kocsis, G., Kollotzek, H., Konz, C., Krieger, K., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Lang, P.T.;Lauber, Laux, M., Likonen, J., Liu, L., Lohs, A., Mank, K., Manini, A., Manso, M.-E., Maraschek, M., Martin, P., Martin, Y., Mayer, M., McCarthy, P., McCormick, K., Meister, H., Meo, Fernando, Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Mertens, V., Merz, F., Meyer, H., Mlynek, M., Monaco, F., Murmann1, H., Neu, G., Neuhauser, J., Nold, B., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Pautasso, G., Pereverzev, G., Poli, E., Püschel1, M., Raupp, G., Reich, M., Reiter, B., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Roth, J., Rott, M., Ryter, F., Sandmann, W., Santos, J., Sassenberg, K., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schirmer, J., Schmid, A., Schneider, W., Schramm, G., Schrittwieser, R., Schustereder, W., Schweinzer, J., Schweizer, S., Scott, B., Seidel, U., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Speth, E., Stäbler, A., Steuer, K.-H., Strumberger, E., Tardini, G., Tichmann, C., Treutterer, W., Tröster, C., Urso, L., Vainonen-Ahlgren, E., Varela, P., Vermare, L., Wagner, D., Wischmeier, M., Wolfrum, E., Würsching, E., Yadikin, D., Yu, Q., Zasche, D., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., Zohm, H., Neu, R., Balden, M., Bobkov, V., Dux, R., Gruber, O., Herrmann, A., Kallenbach, A., Kaufmann, M., Maggi, C.F., Maier, H., Müller, H.W., Pütterich, T., Pugno, R., Rohde, V., Sips, A.C.C., Stober, J., Suttrop, W., Angioni, C., Atanasiu, C.V., Becker, W., Behler, K., Behringer, K., Bergmann, A., Bertoncelli, T., Bilato, R., Bottino, A., Brambilla, M., Braun, F., Buhler, A., Chankin, A., Conway, G., Coster, D.P., Marne, P. de, Dietrich, S., Dimova, K., Drube, R., Eich, T., Engelhardt, K., Fahrbach, H.-U., Fantz, U., Fattorini, L., Fink, J., Fischer, R., Flaws, A., Franzen, P., Fuchs, J.C., Gal, K., Munoz, M.G, Gemisic-Adamov, M., Giannone, L., Gori, S., Graca, S. da, Greuner, H., Gude, A., Günter, S., Haas, G., Harhausen, J., Heinemann, B., Hicks, N., Hobirk, J., Holtum, D., Hopf, C., Horton, L., Huart, M., Igochine, V., Kalvin, S., Kardaun, O., Kick, M., Kocsis, G., Kollotzek, H., Konz, C., Krieger, K., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Lang, P.T.;Lauber, Laux, M., Likonen, J., Liu, L., Lohs, A., Mank, K., Manini, A., Manso, M.-E., Maraschek, M., Martin, P., Martin, Y., Mayer, M., McCarthy, P., McCormick, K., Meister, H., Meo, Fernando, Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Mertens, V., Merz, F., Meyer, H., Mlynek, M., Monaco, F., Murmann1, H., Neu, G., Neuhauser, J., Nold, B., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Pautasso, G., Pereverzev, G., Poli, E., Püschel1, M., Raupp, G., Reich, M., Reiter, B., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Roth, J., Rott, M., Ryter, F., Sandmann, W., Santos, J., Sassenberg, K., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schirmer, J., Schmid, A., Schneider, W., Schramm, G., Schrittwieser, R., Schustereder, W., Schweinzer, J., Schweizer, S., Scott, B., Seidel, U., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Speth, E., Stäbler, A., Steuer, K.-H., Strumberger, E., Tardini, G., Tichmann, C., Treutterer, W., Tröster, C., Urso, L., Vainonen-Ahlgren, E., Varela, P., Vermare, L., Wagner, D., Wischmeier, M., Wolfrum, E., Würsching, E., Yadikin, D., Yu, Q., Zasche, D., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., and Zohm, H.
Published: 2007

18. Intermittent transport across the scrape-off layer: latest results from ASDEX Upgrade

Author: Kocan, M., Müller, H. W., Nold, B., Lunt, T., Adamek, J., Allan, S. Y., Bernert, M., Conway, G. D., Marne, P. de, Eich, T., Elmore, S., Gennrich, F. P., Herrmann, A., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Kallenbach, A., Komm, M., Maraschek, M., Mehlmann, F., Müller, S., Ribeiro, T. T., Rohde, V., Schrittwieser, R., Scott, B., Stroth, U., Suttrop, W., Wolfrum, E., ASDEX Upgrade Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Infrared, Turbulence, Divertor, Perturbation (astronomy), Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, ASDEX Upgrade, Saturation current, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: We report the latest results of turbulence and transport studies in the ASDEX Upgrade scrape-off layer (SOL). Dissimilarity between the plasma and the floating potential fluctuations is studied experimentally and by gyrofluid simulations. Measurements by a retarding field analyser reveal that both, edge-localized mode (ELM) and turbulent filaments, convey hot ions over large radial distances in the SOL. The measured far SOL ELM ion temperature increases with the ELM energy, consistent with earlier observations that large ELMs deposit a large fraction of their energy outside the divertor. In the SOL, the ELM suppression by magnetic perturbations (MPs) results in lower ELM ion energy in the far SOL. At the same time, large filaments of ion saturation current are replaced by more continuous bursts. Splitting of the divertor strike zones observed by the infrared imaging in H-mode with MPs agree with predictions from the EMC3-Eirene simulations. This suggests that the ‘lobe’ structures due to perturbation fields observed near the X-point are not significantly affected by plasma screening, and can be described by a vacuum approach, as in the EMC3-Eirene. Finally, some effects of the MPs on the L-mode SOL are addressed.
Published: 2013
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19. Influence of temperature fluctuations on plasma turbulence investigations with Langmuir probes.

Author: Nold, B., Ribeiro, T. T., Ramisch, M., Z. Huang, Müller, H. W., Scott, B. D., and Stroth, U.
Subjects: *FLUCTUATIONS (Physics), *TEMPERATURE, *PLASMA turbulence, *LANGMUIR probes, *TOKAMAKS, *ELECTRON temperature, *PHYSICS
Abstract: The reliability of Langmuir probe measurements for plasmaturbulence investigations is studied on GEMR gyro-fluid simulations and compared with the results from conditionally sampled I -V characteristics as well as electron-emitting probe measurements close to the last closed flux surface of the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade. In this region, simulation and experiment consistently show coherent in-phase fluctuations in density, plasma potential and also electron temperature. Ion-saturation current measurements turn out to reproduce density fluctuations quite well. Fluctuations in the floating potential, however, are strongly influenced by temperature fluctuations and, hence, are strongly distorted compared to the actual plasma potential. These results suggest that interpreting floating as plasma-potential fluctuations while disregarding temperature effects is not justified near the separatrix of hot fusion plasmas. Here, floating potential measurements led to corrupted results on the E × B dynamics of turbulent structures in the context of, e.g., turbulent particle and momentum transport or turbulence characterization on the basis of density-potential phase relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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20. Comparison of dimensionally similar turbulence in TJ-K and ASDEX upgrade

Author: Nold, B., Maraschek, M., Müller, H. W., Ramisch, M., Volker Rohde, Stroth, U., and ASDEX Upgrade Team

21. Dynamics of blobs: Statistical analysis based on the international edge turbulence data base

Author: Nold, B., Marsen, S., Ramisch, M., Beletskii, A. A., Chechkin, V. V., Andreas Dinklage, Endler, M., Grigor Eva, L. I., Müller, H. W., Pankratov, I. M., Stroth, U., Tamain, P., and Wilcox, R.

22. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author: Kallenbach, A., Aguiam, D., Aho-Mantila, L., Angioni, C., Arden, N., Parra, R. Arredondo, Asunta, O., Baar, M., Balden, M., Behler, K., Bergmann, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Beurskens, M., Biancalani, A., Bilato, R., Birkenmeier, G., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Bogomolov, A., Bolzonella, T., Boswirth, B., Bottereau, C., Bottino, A., Brand, H., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Bruhn, C., Buchanan, J., Buhler, A., Burckhart, A., Cambon-Silva, D., Camenen, Y., Carvalho, P., Carrasco, G., Cazzaniga, C., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Casali, L., Castaldo, C., Cavedon, M., Challis, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, I., Clairet, F., Classen, I., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Colas, L., Conway, G., Costea, S., Coster, D. P., Croci, G., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., D Arcangelo, O., Day, C., Delogu, R., Marne, P., Denk, S., Denner, P., Dibon, M., D Inca, R., Di Siena, A., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Drube, R., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Eich, T., Elgeti, S., Engelhardt, K., Erdos, B., Erofeev, I., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fantz, U., Faugel, H., Felici, F., Fietz, S., Figueredo, A., Fischer, R., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L., Freethy, S., Froschle, M., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, J. C., Funfgelder, H., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Cianfarani, C., Giannone, L., Giovannozzi, E., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Gloggler, S., Gobbin, M., Gorler, T., Goodman, T., Gorini, G., Gradic, D., Grater, A., Granucci, G., Greuner, H., Griener, M., Groth, M., Gude, A., Gunter, S., Guimarais, L., Haas, G., Hakola, A. H., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Hatch, D., Hauer, V., Hayward, T., Heinemann, B., Heinzel, S., Hellsten, T., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Herrmann, A., Heyn, E., Hitzler, F., Hobirk, J., Holzl, M., Hoschen, T., Holm, J. H., Hopf, C., Hoppe, F., Horvath, L., Houben, A., Huber, A., Igochine, V., Ilkei, T., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacob, W., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquot, J., Janky, F., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Joffrin, E., Kasemann, C., Kalvin, S., Kantor, M., Kappatou, A., Kardaun, O., Karhunen, J., Kasilov, S., Kernbichler, W., Kim, D., Kimmig, S., Kirk, A., Klingshirn, H. -J, Koch, F., Kocsis, G., Kohn, A., Kraus, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kramer-Flecken, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Laggner, F., Lang, P. T., Lauber, P., Lazanyi, N., Lazaros, A., Lebschy, A., Li, L., Li, M., Liang, Y., Lipschultz, B., Liu, Y., Lohs, A., Luhmann, N. C., Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Madsen, J., Maier, H., Maj, O., Mailloux, J., Maljaars, E., Manas, P., Mancini, A., Manhard, A., Manso, M. -E, Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Martens, C., Martin Oberkofler, Marrelli, L., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Mayer, A., Mayer, M., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcdermott, R., Meisl, G., Meister, H., Medvedeva, A., Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Merle, A., Mertens, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Meyer, H., Meyer, O., Miettunen, J., Milanesio, D., Mink, F., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Moon, C., Nazikian, R., Nemes-Czopf, A., Neu, G., Neu, R., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Noterdaeme, J. -M, Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrcil, T., Olsen, J., Orain, F., Palermo, F., Papp, G., Perez, I. Paradela, Pautasso, G., Enzel, F., Petersson, P., Pinzon, J., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Plaum, B., Plockl, B., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Prisiazhniuk, D., Putterich, T., Ramisch, M., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J., Raupp, G., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimold, F., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Rittich, D., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Ross, A., Rott, M., Rubel, M., Ryan, D., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, G., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schmitz, O., Schneider, P. A., Schneller, M., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schwarz-Selinger, T., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Sehmer, T., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shao, L., Sharapov, S., Siccinio, M., Sieglin, B., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simon, P., Simpson, J., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stejner, M., Stober, J., Stobbe, F., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suarez, G., Sugiyama, K., Sun, H. -J, Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Terranova, D., Tierens, W., Told, D., Tudisco, O., Trevisan, G., Treutterer, W., Trier, E., Tripsky, M., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Vanovac, B., Varela, P., Varoutis, S., Verdoolaege, G., Vezinet, D., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Vierle, T., Viezzer, E., Toussaint, U., Wagner, D., Wang, N., Wang, X., Weidl, M., Weiland, M., White, A. E., Willensdorfer, M., Wiringer, B., Wischmeier, M., Wolf, R., Wolfrum, E., Xiang, L., Yang, Q., Yang, Z., Yu, Q., Zagorski, R., Zammuto, I., Zarzoso, D., Zhang, W., Zeeland, M., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., Zoletnik, S., Zohm, H., Team, Asdex Upgrade, Team, Eurofusion Mst, Institute of Forest Botany, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institute of Applied Physics (IFA - CSIC), GRIDSEN, IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut für Geophysik [Clausthal-Zellerfeld], Technische Universität Clausthal (TU Clausthal), Association EURATOM-ÖAW, University of Innsbruck, Institut für Plasmaforschung [Stuttgart] (IPF), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR (IPP PRAGUE), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] (UMASS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino and INFN (DF_TORINO), Dipartimento di Fisica infi & Università di Torino, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for World Forestry, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Sygen International Plc, Genus Plc, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik [Kiel] (IEAP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Experimental Medical Science, AUTRES, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Atomic Energy Research Institute [Budapest], Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy, affiliation inconnue, Department of Radiology, St. James's Hospital, Dept of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Database group, Computer Science and engeenering Department [San Diego] (DB CSE UCSD), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, F. Hoffmann-La RocheAG, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institute of Applied Physics ( IFA - CSIC ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ( IST ), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation ( IMEP-LAHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] ( IBCP ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Laboratoire de Science et Génie des Matériaux et de Métallurgie ( LSG2M ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine ( INPL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Department of Information Technology ( INTEC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Institut fur Geophysical, IPF, Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR ( IPP PRAGUE ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] ( UMASS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino and INFN ( DF_TORINO ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes ( InESS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux ( LSPM ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes ( IBMP ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), IEAP, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel ( CAU ), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), J. W. Goethe-University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand ( LPC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), university college cork, University College Cork ( UCC ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Database group, Computer Science and engeenering Department [San Diego] ( DB CSE UCSD ), University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), Aguiam, D, Aho-Mantila, L, Angioni, C, Arden, N, Parra, R, Asunta, O, Debaar, M, Balden, M, Behler, K, Bergmann, A, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Beurskens, M, Biancalani, A, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Bogomolov, A, Bolzonella, T, Boeswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Van den Brand, H, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Bruhn, C, Buchanan, J, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Cambon-Silva, D, Camenen, Y, Carvalho, P, Carrasco, G, Cazzaniga, C, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Casali, L, Castaldo, C, Cavedon, M, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Croci, G, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, D'Arcangelo, O, Day, C, Delogu, R, de Marne, P, Denk, S, Denner, P, Dibon, M, D'Inca, R, Disiena, A, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Engelhardt, K, Erdos, B, Erofeev, I, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fantz, U, Faugel, H, Felici, F, Fietz, S, Figueredo, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Freethy, S, Froeschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, J, Fuenfgelder, H, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Gallo, A, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Cianfarani, C, Giannone, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gleason-Gonzalez, C, Gloeggler, S, Gobbin, M, Goerler, T, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gradic, D, Graeter, A, Granucci, G, Greuner, H, Griener, M, Groth, M, Gude, A, Guenter, S, Guimarais, L, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Hatch, D, Hauer, V, Hayward, T, Heinemann, B, Heinzel, S, Hellsten, T, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, E, Hitzler, F, Hobirk, J, Hoelzl, M, Hoeschen, T, Holm, J, Hopf, C, Hoppe, F, Horvath, L, Houben, A, Huber, A, Igochine, V, Ilkei, T, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacob, W, Jacobsen, A, Jacquot, J, Janky, F, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Kaesemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kasilov, S, Kernbichler, W, Kim, D, Kimmig, S, Kirk, A, Klingshirn, H, Koch, F, Kocsis, G, Koehn, A, Kraus, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kraemr-Flecken, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Lazanyi, N, Lazaros, A, Lebschy, A, Li, L, Li, M, Liang, Y, Lipschultz, B, Liu, Y, Lohs, A, Luhmann, N, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Madsen, J, Maier, H, Maj, O, Mailloux, J, Maljaars, E, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Martens, C, Martin, P, Marrelli, L, Martitsch, A, Mastrostefano, S, Mayer, A, Mayer, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Meisl, G, Meister, H, Medvedeva, A, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Merle, A, Mertens, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Meyer, H, Meyer, O, Miettunen, J, Milanesio, D, Mink, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Moon, C, Nazikian, R, Nemes-Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Ochoukov, R, Odstrcil, T, Olsen, J, Orain, F, Palermo, F, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Pautasso, G, Enzel, F, Petersson, P, Pinzon, J, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plaum, B, Ploeckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Porte, L, Potzel, S, Prisiazhniuk, D, Puetterich, T, Ramisch, M, Rapson, C, Rasmussen, J, Raupp, G, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rittich, D, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Ross, A, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryan, D, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, G, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schneller, M, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sehmer, T, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Shao, L, Sharapov, S, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Simon, P, Simpson, J, Snicker, A, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Stobbe, F, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suarez, G, Sugiyama, K, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Tierens, W, Told, D, Tudisco, O, Trevisan, G, Treutterer, W, Trier, E, Tripsky, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Vanovac, B, Varela, P, Varoutis, S, Verdoolaege, G, Vezinet, D, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, von Toussaint, U, Wagner, D, Wang, N, Wang, X, Weidl, M, Weil, White, A, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Xiang, L, Yang, Q, Yang, Z, Yu, Q, Zagorski, R, Zammuto, I, Zarzoso, D, Zhang, W, van Zeeland, M, Zehetbauer, T, Zilker, M, Zoletnik, S, Zohm, H, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), York Plasma Institute (YPI), University of York [York, UK], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Institute of Atomic Physics, Université de Roumanie, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), FOM Institute DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, The Netherlands, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), University College Cork (UCC), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (KFKI-RMKI), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Univ California San Diego] (MAE - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), General Atomics [San Diego], Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas ( LPP ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Observatoire de Paris-École polytechnique ( X ) -Sorbonne Universités-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), York Plasma Institute ( YPI ), Culham Science Centre, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, IST, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Max Planck Society, Department of Applied Physics, TEC, JET EFDA, Culham Sci Ctr, Technische Universität München, Consorzio RFX, IRFM, Assoc EURATOM FZJ, Euratom, Julich Research Center, Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, University of Lorraine, ENEA, Istituto Fisica del Plasma 'Piero Caldirola' (IFP-CNR), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Innsbruck Medical University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IFPiLM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Swedish Research Council (VR), General Atomics & Affiliated Companies, University of Sevilla, University of Texas at Austin, Max Planck Comp & Data Facil, Ecole Polytechnique, Hochschule der Medien, Technical University of Denmark, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of California at Santa Barbara, School services, SCI, LPP-ERM/KMS EURATOM Association, Vienna University of Technology, Assoc EURATOM Hellen Republ, NCSR Demokritos, IPP, York University, CCFE Fusion Assoc, BSC, Univ Coll Cork UCC, Princeton University, Ghent University, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Natl Astron Observ, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Univ Aix Marseille 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Aix-Marseille, Universite de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, UMR 6098, CNRS, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, White, Anne E., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arslanbekov, R, Atanasiu, C, Becker, G, Becker, W, Behringer, K, Bolshukhin, D, Borrass, K, Brambilla, M, Braun, F, Carlson, A, Egorov, S, Fahrbach, H, Finken, K, Foley, M, Franzen, P, Gafert, J, Fournier, K, Gantenbein, G, Gehre, O, Geier, A, Gernhardt, J, Gruber, O, Gunter, S, Hartmann, D, Heger, B, Hofmeister, F, Hohenocker, H, Horton, L, Jacchia, A, Jakobi, M, Kaufmann, M, Keller, A, Kendl, A, Kim, J, Kirov, K, Kochergov, R, Kollotzek, H, Kraus, W, Lasnier, C, Laux, M, Leonard, A, Leuterer, F, Lorenz, A, Lorenzini, R, Maggi, C, Mank, K, Martines, E, Mast, K, Meisel, D, Meo, F, Merkl, D, Muck, A, Muller, H, Munich, M, Murmann, H, Na, Y, Neuhauser, J, Nguyen, F, Nishijima, D, Nishimura, Y, Nunes, I, Peeters, A, Pereverzev, G, Pinches, S, Proschek, M, Pugno, R, Quigley, E, Roth, J, Sandmann, W, Savtchkov, A, Schade, S, Schilling, H, Schneider, W, Schramm, G, Schwarz, E, Schweizer, S, Seidel, U, Serra, F, Sesnic, S, Sihler, C, Sips, A, Speth, E, Stabler, A, Steuer, K, Streibl, B, Tabasso, A, Tanga, A, Tichmann, C, Troppmann, M, Urano, H, Vollmer, O, Wenzel, U, Wesner, F, Westerhof, E, Wursching, E, Yoon, S, Zasche, D, Zehrfeld, H, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, EUROfusion MST1 Team, Adamek, J, Aho Mantila, L, Akaslompolo, S, Amdor, C, Bardin, S, Orte, L, Belonohy, E, Boom, J, Brochard, T, Bruedgam, M, Casson, F, Curran, D, da Silva, F, Eixenberger, H, Endstrasser, N, Gal, K, Munoz, M, da Graca, S, Hangan, D, Haertl, T, Hauff, T, Hoehnle, H, Ionita, C, Janzer, A, Kasparek, W, Kocan, M, Konz, C, Koslowski, R, Kubic, M, Kurki Suonio, T, Leipold, F, Lindig, S, Lisgo, S, Makkonen, T, Mehlmann, F, Menchero, L, Merz, F, Mueller, S, Mueller, H, Muenich, M, Neuwirth, D, Nold, B, Podoba, Y, Pompon, F, Polozhiy, K, Pueschel, M, Rathgeber, S, Rooij, G, Sauter, P, Sempf, M, Sommer, F, Staebler, A, Teschke, M, Tsalas, M, Van Zeeland, M, Veres, G, Viola, B, Vorpahl, C, Wachowski, M, Wauters, T, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Wuersching, E, Zhang, Y, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Max Planck IPP-EURATOM Assoziation, Universidade de Lisboa, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Technical University of Munich, IRFM-CEA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Université de Lorraine, and École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Energies [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 114 Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Electron cyclotron resonance, H-MODE DISCHARGES, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ASDEX Upgrade, overview, ASDEX Upgrade, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, Fusió nuclear, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 010306 general physics, tokamak, DEMO, tokamak physic, Fusion reactions, nuclear fusion, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, [ SPI.GPROC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, ___, Plasma parameter, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, tokamak physics
Abstract: The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. Since 2015, AUG is equipped with a new pair of 3-strap ICRF antennas, which were designed for a reduction of tungsten release during ICRF operation. As predicted, a factor two reduction on the ICRF-induced W plasma content could be achieved by the reduction of the sheath voltage at the antenna limiters via the compensation of the image currents of the central and side straps in the antenna frame. There are two main operational scenario lines in AUG. Experiments with low collisionality, which comprise current drive, ELM mitigation/suppression and fast ion physics, are mainly done with freshly boronized walls to reduce the tungsten influx at these high edge temperature conditions. Full ELM suppression and non-inductive operation up to a plasma current of I p = 0.8 MA could be obtained at low plasma density. Plasma exhaust is studied under conditions of high neutral divertor pressure and separatrix electron density, where a fresh boronization is not required. Substantial progress could be achieved for the understanding of the confinement degradation by strong D puffing and the improvement with nitrogen or carbon seeding. Inward/outward shifts of the electron density profile relative to the temperature profile effect the edge stability via the pressure profile changes and lead to improved/decreased pedestal performance. Seeding and D gas puffing are found to effect the core fueling via changes in a region of high density on the high field side (HFSHD). The integration of all above mentioned operational scenarios will be feasible and naturally obtained in a large device where the edge is more opaque for neutrals and higher plasma temperatures provide a lower collisionality. The combination of exhaust control with pellet fueling has been successfully demonstrated. High divertor enrichment values of nitrogen E N ⩾ 10 have been obtained during pellet injection, which is a prerequisite for the simultaneous achievement of good core plasma purity and high divertor radiation levels. Impurity accumulation observed in the all-metal AUG device caused by the strong neoclassical inward transport of tungsten in the pedestal is expected to be relieved by the higher neoclassical temperature screening in larger devices.
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23. In silico evaluation of geometry variations with respect to the thermal spread during coagulation of egg white using bipolar vessel sealing instruments.

Author: Wagenpfeil J, Schöllig C, Mayer V, Feuer R, Nold B, Neugebauer A, Ederer M, Rothmund R, Krämer B, Brucker S, Enderle M, Sawodny O, and Rex J
Subjects: Animals, Biomimetics, Chickens, Radio Waves, Computer Simulation, Egg White chemistry, Temperature, Vascular Surgical Procedures instrumentation
Abstract: Background: Bipolar vessel sealing is an efficient electrosurgical procedure for the occlusion of blood vessels particularly during minimally invasive surgery. Reliable knowledge of the thermal spread is crucial for a safe application of bipolar vessel sealing instruments when operating close to thermo-sensitive structures, such as nerves. The evolution of the thermal spread over time and space depends on a variety of parameters, such as the biological tissue, the energy applied to the tissue, and the geometry of the vessel sealing instrument. Mathematical modeling has proven useful for the prediction of the thermal spread. It is, thus, a promising tool for the systematic analysis of the influence of geometrical changes on the thermal spread., Results: We present an experimentally validated in silico study to evaluate the impact of geometry variations on the progression of chicken egg white coagulation and the final shape of coagulated egg white as an approximation of the temporal and spatial evolution of the thermal spread during bipolar vessel sealing. Egg white has similar thermal and electrical properties to human tissue, with the advantage being that the spatial and temporal evolution of the thermal spread can be visually gauged. The simulations were performed using a mathematical model based on the finite element analysis of chicken egg white. The progression of egg white coagulation was predicted for two different peak voltages and various electrode geometries. Starting with two planar electrodes, one electrode was gradually changed to adopt a wedge shape. These changes to the geometry showed a distinct influence on the progression of egg white coagulation in the simulations. The predictions were successfully validated using an experimental setup with two different electrodes representing the extreme geometries., Discussion: The predicted spatial temperature distributions were experimentally validated for two geometries. Our simulation study shows that the geometry has a pronounced influence on the thermal spread and, thus, is a suitable parameter to reduce thermal damage. The in silico optimization of instrument designs is a suitable tool to accelerate the development of new vessel sealing instruments, with only a few promising designs having to be tested as prototypes.
Published: 2016
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24. Infectious hepatitis in California; a community-wide epidemic.

Author: Maller HM, Nold B, Clark WH, and Renteln HA
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, California, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Hepatitis A epidemiology
Abstract: In an epidemic of infectious hepatitis in a rural California community during 1961, 514 cases were reported among 8,166 residents. A sample of the 396 cases reported up to 1 September was studied, and only about a third of these cases could be confirmed in retrospect. A community survey indicated that the attack rate for the first eight and a half months of 1961 was slightly over 3 per cent. Unusual epidemiologic features of what was thought to be a contact epidemic included a summer peak, a preponderance of young and middle-aged adults, a relative sparing of lower socioeconomic groups and mildness of the illness with jaundice appearing in a minority of cases. Secondary cases were rarely observed within the expected 10- to 50-day incubation period.
Published: 1966

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24 results on '"Nold B"'

1. Influence of temperature fluctuations on plasma turbulence investigations with Langmuir probes

2. Recent ASDEX Upgrade research in support of ITER and DEMO

3. Bipolare Thermofusion von biologischem Gewebe: thermoSEAL als neuer Mode für die Gefäßversiegelung

4. Untersuchung turbulenter Strukturen am Rand magnetisierter Plasmen

5. Estimation of edge electron temperature profiles via forward modelling of the electron cyclotron radiation transport at ASDEX Upgrade

6. Electronic issues of Langmuir probe measurements on the midplane manipulator of ASDEX Upgrade

7. Latest investigations on fluctuations, ELM filaments and turbulent transport in the SOL of ASDEX Upgrade

8. Measurements of edge turbulence in ASDEX Upgrade L- and H-mode discharges

9. Pedestal formation after L-H transition in ASDEX Upgrade

10. Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment (ASDEX) Upgrade Team (vol 81, 033507, 2010)

11. Generation of blobs and holes in the edge of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

12. Overview of ASDEX upgrade results

13. Comparison of Dimensionally Similar Turbulence in TJ-K and ASDEX Upgrade

14. Plasma wall interaction and its implication in an all tungsten divertor tokamak. Invited Paper

15. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

16. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

17. Plasma wall interaction and its implication in an all tungsted divertor tokamak

18. Intermittent transport across the scrape-off layer: latest results from ASDEX Upgrade

19. Influence of temperature fluctuations on plasma turbulence investigations with Langmuir probes.

20. Comparison of dimensionally similar turbulence in TJ-K and ASDEX upgrade

21. Dynamics of blobs: Statistical analysis based on the international edge turbulence data base

22. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

23. In silico evaluation of geometry variations with respect to the thermal spread during coagulation of egg white using bipolar vessel sealing instruments.

24. Infectious hepatitis in California; a community-wide epidemic.

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