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Hao Li,1,2 Erlong Niu,3 Jun Fu,2 Yinghao Huang,4 Yang Gao,2 Wei Chai,2,* Jiying Chen2,* 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopedics, 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiying Chen; Wei Chai, Department of Orthopedic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100000, People’s Republic of China, Email chenjiyingpla@sina.com; chaiweipla@sina.comBackground: Synovial fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing was introduced into the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in recent years. However, the clinical impact of mNGS remains unknown. Therefore, we performed a prospective cohort study to evaluate the clinical impact of mNGS for PJI diagnosis.Materials and Methods: Between April 2019 and April 2021, a total of 201 patients with suspected PJI were recruited in a high-volume PJI revision center. All patients underwent joint aspiration before surgeries and the obtained synovial fluids were sent to tests for the diagnosis of PJI. Based on the clinical evaluation of these patients, the patients were categorized into three groups: Group A: the mNGS reports were not acted upon. Group B: mNGS confirmed the standard diagnostic tests of PJI and generated identical clinical impact compared to standard diagnostic tests. Group C: mNGS results guided clinical therapy. Then, the concordance between synovial mNGS and cultures was analyzed. After that, multivariate regressions were performed to explore the “targeted populations” of mNGS tests.Results: A total of 107 patients were diagnosed with PJI based on the 2014 MSIS criteria and there were 33, 123, 45 patients in the group A, B, C respectively. The predictive factors of mNGS inducing clinical impact compared to standard diagnostic tests were negative culture results (adjusted OR: 5.88), previous history of joint infection (adjusted OR: 5.97), polymicrobial PJI revealed by culture (adjusted OR: 4.39) and PJI identified by MSIS criteria (adjusted OR: 17.06).Conclusion: When standard diagnostic tests for PJI were performed, about 22% of synovial fluid mNGS tests can change the treatment protocols built on standard diagnostic tests and affect the clinical practice. Thus, the use of synovial fluid mNGS in some “target” populations is more valuable compared to others such as patients with previous joint infection, polymicrobial PJI, and culture-negative PJI.Evidence Level: Level I.Keywords: periprosthetic joint infection, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, clinical impact

To acquire higher dielectric strength of the insulation material, the polyimide films are combined between two layers of glass fiber tape reinforced epoxy resin, and formed into a ‘sandwich’ structure composite tapes which directly wrapped on the ITER Feeder high voltage potential components. But due to the polyimide film brought into use, the bounding strength of the insulation layer is reduced by a certain degree, which finally influences the Interlaminar Shear Strength of this type of composite material. This paper introduces the interlaminar shear strength of the laminate structure insulation manufactured by the glass/polyimide reinforced epoxy resin, with the “prewetted” technology, and the mechanical tests were implemented in liquid nitrogen temperature. This manufacturing and curing technology, need to pass series qualifying tests finally, then as a candidate option, it will be used for Feeder high voltage components insulation in the factory, such as Feeder busbar segments, and current lead mock-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ​​​​​​ Treponema pallidum , has reemerged at an increasing rate globally in recent years, posing a significant public health concern. Visualizing and analyzing time series trends of syphilis across various demographics and geographic regions, and how syphilis trends varied during the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), would help public health policymakers develop targeted strategies and interventions to effectively address the rising rates of syphilis, ultimately improving overall public health outcomes., Methods:  A retrospective study was conducted using surveillance data on infectious syphilis cases reported to the Florida Department of Health, between 2013 and 2022. Age-standardized syphilis rates (ASSRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated using the 2000 U.S. standard population data. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the ASSRs was analyzed according to age, gender, race, geographic locations, and the COVID-19 pandemic period to quantify the epidemiological syphilis trends using joinpoint regression models., Results:  In Florida, the ASSR significantly increased from 8.65/100,000 in 2013 to 23.08/100,000 in 2022 across different demographic groups, with an overall AAPC of 11.47 (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.85-13.43). This increase in the AAPC was more pronounced in females (AAPC = 20.97; 95% CI, 18.61-24.49) than in males (AAPC = 10.34; 95% CI, 8.19-12.98). The increasing trends of infectious syphilis were observed across all age groups, with greater increases among those aged 25-49 years (AAPC = 12.32; 95% CI, 10.09-15.18), aged 50-69 years (AAPC = 13.42; 95% CI, 9.41-18.89), and aged over 70 years (AAPC = 13.63; 95% CI, 9.23-21.95), compared to those aged less than 24 years (AAPC = 7.86; 95% CI, 7.06-8.81). The increasing trends were comparable across racial groups, with an AAPC of 8.08 (95% CI, 5.47-11.15) for Hispanics, 11.84 (95% CI, 10.02-14.09) for non-Hispanic Whites, 10.49 (95% CI, 8.75-12.66) for non-Hispanic Blacks, and 11.29 (95% CI, 5.28-19.57) for non-Hispanic individuals of other races, respectively. The AAPC for the COVID-19 pandemic period was 12.99 (95% CI, 8.48-16.21), which was comparable to the pre-pandemic period (AAPC = 11.58; 95% CI, 10.17-12.76), indicating that this upward trend in infectious syphilis persisted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. At the county level, over the 10-year period, the average ASSRs ranged from 0.89/100,000 in 2013 to 25.41/100,000 in 2022, with the estimated AAPCs varied from 2.47 (95% CI, -1.89 to 6.92) in Monroe County to 50.01 (95% CI, 37.71-62.27) in Okaloosa County., Conclusions:  The trend of infectious syphilis increases substantially from 2013 to 2022, with notable differences observed among age, gender, and geographic regions in Florida. Females experienced a greater rise in infectious syphilis cases compared to males. This upward trend in infectious syphilis persisted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts are needed to implement strategies to address the rising syphilis rates within high-incidence groups and communities across the state., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Memorial Healthcare System (MHS) Institutional Review Board issued approval MHS.2024.033. This study was reviewed by the Memorial Healthcare System (MHS) Institutional Review Board and was ruled exempt from review because it uses publicly available, deidentified data (MHS.2024.033). Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Niu et al.)

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Although some risk factors of PJI were well studied, the association between trauma and PJI remains unknown in revision patients., Materials and Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 71 patients with trauma history before revisions (trauma cohort) were propensity score matched (PSM) at a ratio of 1 to 5 with a control cohort of revision patients without a history of trauma. Then, the cumulative incidence rate of PJI within 3 years after operation between the two groups was compared. The secondary endpoints were aseptic revisions within 3 postoperative years, complications up to 30 postoperative days, and readmission up to 90 days. During a minimal 3-year follow-up, the survival was comparatively analyzed between the trauma cohort and the control cohort., Results: The cumulative incidence of PJI was 40.85% in patients with trauma history against 27.04% in the controls (P = 0.02). Correspondingly, the cumulative incidence of aseptic re-revisions was 12.68% in patients with trauma history compared with 5.07% in the control cohort (P = 0.028). Cox regression revealed that trauma history was a risk factor of PJI (HR, 1.533 [95%CI, (1.019,2.306)]; P = 0.04) and aseptic re-revisions (HR, 3.285 [95%CI, (1.790,6.028)]; P < 0.0001)., Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that revision patients with trauma history carried a higher risk of PJI compared to those without trauma history. Moreover, after revisions, the trauma patients were still at higher risk for treatment failure due to PJI, periprosthetic joint fracture, and mechanical complications., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Olive leaves are rich in phenolic compounds. This study explored the chemical profiles and contents of free phenolics (FPs) and bound phenolics (BPs) in olive leaves, and further investigated and compared the antioxidant properties of FPs and BPs using chemical assays, cellular antioxidant evaluation systems, and in vivo mouse models. The results showed that FPs and BPs have different phenolic profiles; 24 free and 14 bound phenolics were identified in FPs and BPs, respectively. Higher levels of phenolic acid (i.e., sinapinic acid, 4-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid) and hydroxytyrosol were detected in the BPs, while flavonoids, triterpenoid acids, and iridoids were more concentrated in the free form. FPs showed a significantly higher total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and chemical antioxidant properties than those of BPs ( p < 0.05). Within the range of doses (20-250 μg/mL), both FPs and BPs protected HepG2 cells from H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress injury, and there was no significant difference in cellular antioxidant activity between FPs and BPs. The in vivo experiments suggested that FP and BP treatment inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a D-galactose-induced oxidation model in mice, and significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Mechanistically, FPs and BPs exert their antioxidant activity in distinct ways; FPs ameliorated D-galactose-induced oxidative stress injury partly via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, while the BP mechanisms need further study.

Olive suffers from cold damage when introduced to high-latitude regions from its native warm climes. Therefore, this study aims to improve the adaption of olive to climates in which it is cold for part of the year. The phenotype, physiological performance, nutrient content, and gene expression of olive leaves (from two widely planted cultivars) were examined after cultivation in normal and cold stress conditions. The results showed that the cold-tolerant cultivar possessed stronger photosynthesis efficiency and higher anti-oxidase activity after cold treatment than the cold-sensitive cultivar. Alteration of gene expression and metabolites in the amino acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and oleuropein metabolism pathways played an important role in the cold responses of olive. Furthermore, the construction of the network of genes for ubiquitination and metabolites suggested that polyubiquitination contributes most to the stable physiology of olive under cold stress. Altogether, the results of this study can play an important role in helping us to understand the cold hardiness of olive and screen cold-resistant varieties for excellent quality and yield., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Jiang, Hu, Lu, Chen, Niu, Zhu and Shen.)

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism involved in antiviral defense, but the strategies employed by plant viruses to counteract autophagy-related defense remain unknown for the majority of the viruses. Herein, we describe how the Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV, genus Furovirus) interferes with autophagy and enhances its infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Yeast two-hybrid screening and in vivo/in vitro assays revealed that the 19 kDa coat protein (CP19K) of CWMV interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPCs), negative regulators of autophagy, which bind autophagy-related protein 3 (ATG3), a key factor in autophagy. CP19K also directly interacts with ATG3, possibly leading to the formation of a CP19K-GAPC-ATG3 complex. CP19K-GAPC interaction appeared to intensify CP19K-ATG3 binding. Moreover, CP19K expression upregulated GAPC gene transcripts and reduced autophagic activities. Accordingly, the silencing of GAPC genes in transgenic N. benthamiana reduced CWMV accumulation, whereas CP19K overexpression enhanced it. Overall, our results suggest that CWMV CP19K interferes with autophagy through the promotion and utilization of the GAPC role as a negative regulator of autophagy., (© 2022 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)

Olive ( Olea europaea L.) is an ancient tree species in the Mediterranean, but the lack of knowledge about aluminum-resistant varieties limits its introduction to acidic soil. The objective of this study was to have a comprehensive evaluation of the response to aluminum stress in olive tree at germplasm, metabolome, and transcriptome levels. In this experiment, seedlings of 97 olive germplasm with 1.0-3.0 cm roots and two leaves were treated with 50 μM Al 3+ (pH = 5.0). By factor analysis of the traits of defoliation rate, rooting rate, length of extended root, and length of new root, 97 germplasm were classified into five different groups according to their diverse responses to aluminum stress: 5 highly resistant (5.15%), 30 moderately resistant (30.93%), 31 general (31.96%), 23 moderately sensitive (23.71%), and 8 highly sensitive (8.25%) germplasm. The three most sensitive and three most resistant germplasm were further used for metabolome and transcriptome analysis. Exposed to aluminum stress, 96 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs)/4,845 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 66 DAMs/2,752 DEGs were identified in highly sensitive and resistant germplasm, respectively. Using multi-omics technology, the pathways and related DAMs/DEGs involved in cell wall/cytoplasm receptors, reactive oxygen species balance, hormone induction, synthesis of organic acids, Al 3+ transport, and synthesis of metabolites were identified to mainly regulate the response to aluminum stress in olive. This study provides a theoretical guide and prior germplasm and genes for further genetic improvement of aluminum tolerance in the olive tree., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Niu, Gao, Yu, Soleimani and Zhu.)

Olive ( Olea europaea L.) is a world-famous woody oil tree and popular for redundant unsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes are responsible for fatty acid desaturation and stress regulation but have not yet been identified in olive at the whole genome level. This study identified 40 and 27 FAD genes in the cultivated olive O. europaea cv. Farga and the wild olive O. europaea var. Sylvestris, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the FAD genes could be classified into the soluble FAB2/SAD clade and membrane-bound clade, including ADS/FAD5, DES, FAD4, SLD, ω-6 and ω-3, with the high consistency of subcellular localization, motif composition and exon-intron organization in each group. FAD genes in olive showed the diverse functional differentiation in morphology of different tissues, fruit development and stress responses. Among them, OeFAB2.8 and OeFAD2.3 were up-regulated and OeADS.1 , OeFAD4.1 and OeFAD8.2 were down-regulated under the wound, Verticillium dahliae and cold stresses. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the FAD genes at the whole-genome level in olives and will provide guidance for the improvement of oil quality or stress tolerance of olive trees.

Olive leaves, which are the most abundant byproducts of the olive industry, offer multiple health benefits. The investigation of the phytochemical profiles and relevant biological activities is an essential step toward transforming these low-value byproducts into value-added ones. This study systematically investigated the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, and inhibition rates of olive leaves from four cultivars on the α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The leaves were prepared using two common drying methods, namely, hot air-drying and freeze-drying. A total of 33 bioactive compounds were identified in the olive leaves, namely, 19 flavonoids, 2 phenylethanoids, 2 coumarins, 2 hydroxycinnamic acids, 2 iridoids, and 6 triterpenic acids. Quantification of the bioactive compounds revealed high amounts of polyphenols, especially flavonoids [2,027-8,055 mg/kg dry weight (DW)], iridoids (566-22,096 mg/kg DW), and triterpenic acids (13,824-19,056 mg/kg DW) in the olive leaves. The hot air-dried leaves showed significantly ( P < 0.05) higher iridoid (oleuropein and secoxyloganin) content than the fresh leaves, while freeze-drying resulted in significantly ( P < 0.05) higher flavonoid aglycone and hydroxytyrosol content. Additionally, freeze-drying led to samples with the highest radical scavenging, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE inhibition abilities. The flavonoid (e.g., quercetin, luteolin, eriodictyol, kaempferol-7- O -glucoside, and luteolin-7- O -glucoside), hydroxytyrosol, and oleanolic acid contents in the olive leaves were positively correlated ( P < 0.05) with their bioactive potentials., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zhang, Xin, Zhu, Niu, Wu, Li and Liu.)

Olives ( Olea europaea L.) are a significant part of the agroindustry in China. Olive leaves, the most abundant by-products of the olive and olive oil industry, contain bioactive compounds that are beneficial to human health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacities of olive leaves from 32 cultivars grown in China. A total of 32 phytochemical compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, including 17 flavonoids, five iridoids, two hydroxycinnamic acids, six triterpenic acids, one simple phenol, and one coumarin. Specifically, olive leaves were found to be excellent sources of flavonoids (4.92-18.29 mg/g dw), iridoids (5.75-33.73 mg/g dw), and triterpenic acids (15.72-35.75 mg/g dw), and considerable variations in phytochemical content were detected among the different cultivars. All tested cultivars were classified into three categories according to their oil contents for further comparative phytochemicals assessment. Principal component analysis indicated that the investigated olive cultivars could be distinguished based upon their phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacities. The olive leaves obtained from the low-oil-content (<16%) cultivars exhibited higher levels of glycosylated flavonoids and iridoids, while those obtained from high-oil-content (>20%) cultivars contained mainly triterpenic acids in their compositions. Correspondingly, the low-oil-content cultivars (OL3, Frantoio selection and OL14, Huaou 5) exhibited the highest ABTS antioxidant activities (758.01 ± 16.54 and 710.64 ± 14.58 mg TE/g dw, respectively), and OL9 ( Olea europaea subsp. Cuspidata isolate Yunnan) and OL3 exhibited the highest ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay values (1228.29 ± 23.95 mg TE/g dw and 1099.99 ± 14.30 mg TE/g dw, respectively). The results from this study may be beneficial to the comprehensive evaluation and utilization of bioactive compounds in olive leaves.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular-degradation mechanism implicated in antiviral defense in plants. Studies have shown that autophagy suppresses virus accumulation in cells; however, it has not been reported to specifically inhibit viral spread in plants. This study demonstrated that infection with citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV; genus Citrivirus , family Betaflexiviridae ) activated autophagy in Nicotiana benthamiana plants as indicated by the increase of autophagosome formation. Impairment of autophagy through silencing of N. benthamiana autophagy-related gene 5 ( NbATG5 ) and NbATG7 enhanced cell-to-cell and systemic movement of CLBV; however, it did not affect CLBV accumulation when the systemic infection had been fully established. Treatment using an autophagy inhibitor or silencing of NbATG5 and NbATG7 revealed that transiently expressed movement protein (MP), but not coat protein, of CLBV was targeted by selective autophagy for degradation. Moreover, we identified that CLBV MP directly interacted with NbATG8C1 and NbATG8i, the isoforms of autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), which are key factors that usually bind cargo receptors for selective autophagy. Our results present a novel example in which autophagy specifically targets a viral MP to limit the intercellular spread of the virus in plants.

Background: Stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease and a leading cause of death and disability. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) confers beneficial neuroprotective effects if administered within a widely accepted time window called the "critical period." However, very few studies have explored the idea of modulating the critical period to enable long-term post-menopausal women to regain more benefits from estrogen therapy. Here, motivated by previous findings that electroacupuncture could both alter estrogen metabolism and induce significant tolerance against stroke, it was explored whether EA could restore estrogen's neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats., Methods: We implemented 1 week(w)-EA pretreatment on OVX-10w or OVX-20w rats, and tested the expression of estrogen receptors, and detected the ERT's neuroprotection against stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)., Results: We found that the expression levels of phospho-ERα-S118 and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in the striatum of OVX-10w rats were significantly decreased and ERT's neuroprotection was abolished in the OVX-10w rats. However, EA-1w pretreatment could significantly recover the expression levels of phospho-ERα-S118 and ERβ, and also restored the neuroprotective effects of ERT in OVX-10w rats. However, EA-1w pretreatment could not restore the expression of estrogen receptors and ERT's neuroprotection in OVX-20w rats., Conclusion: Taken together, our study indicates that EA may be an easy intervention that can restore the efficacy of estrogen therapy during the "critical period," which has the potential to improve the stroke outcomes of an enormous number of long-term post-menopausal women. However, the time-sensitive influences for how EA and estrogen metabolism interact with each other should be considered., (© 2021 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication after total joint arthroplasty and polymicrobial PJI which compose a subtype of PJI often indicate worse outcomes compared to monomicrobial periprosthetic joint infection. However, a literature review suggested that there were limited number studies evaluating the risk factors of polymicrobial PJI., Materials and Methods: Between 2015 January and 2019 December, a total of 64 polymicrobial PJI patients and 158 monomicrobial PJI patients in a tertiary center were included in this study and corresponding medical records were scrutinized. The diagnosis of PJI was based on 2014 MSIS criteria. Logistic regression was used to identify the association between various variables and polymicrobial PJI and ROC curve was used to identify their efficiency., Results: The prevalence of polymicrobial PJI is 28.3% in our cohorts. After adjusting for the presence of sinus, previous and knee infection, isolation of enterococci (OR, 3.025; 95%CI (1.277,7.164) p = 0.012), infection with atypical organisms (OR, 5.032;95%CI: (1.470,17.229) p = 0.01), infection with gram-negative organisms (OR, 2.255; 95%CI (1.011,5.031) p = 0.047), isolation of streptococcus spp. (OR, 6; 95%CI (2.094,17.194) p = 0.001), and infection with CNS (OfR, 2.183;95%CI (1.148,4.152) p = 0.017) were risk factors of polymicrobial PJI compared to monomicrobial PJI. However, knee infection is related to a decreased risk of polymicrobial PJI with an adjusted OR = 0.479 (p = 0.023)., Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the prevalence of polymicrobial PJI is 28.3% in PJI patients. Moreover, the presence of sinus tract and previous joint revisions were risk factors for identifying different bacterial species in the intraoperative specimens. Therefore, in these PJI cases, it is necessary to examine multiple specimens of both intraoperative tissue and synovial fluid for increasing the detection rate and obtaining resistance information., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins encoded by nuclear genomes can bind to organellar RNA and are involved in the regulation of RNA metabolism. However, the functions of many PPR proteins remain unknown in plants, especially in polyploidy crops. Here, through a map-based cloning strategy and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/cas9 (CRISPR/cas9) gene editing technology, we cloned and verified an allotetraploid cotton immature fiber (im) mutant gene (GhImA) encoding a PPR protein in chromosome A03, that is associated with the non-fluffy fiber phenotype. GhImA protein targeted mitochondrion and could bind to mitochondrial nad7 mRNA, which encodes the NAD7 subunit of Complex I. GhImA and its homolog GhImD had the same function and were dosage-dependent. GhImA in the im mutant was a null allele with a 22 bp deletion in the coding region. Null GhImA resulted in the insufficient GhIm dosage, affected mitochondrial nad7 pre-mRNA splicing, produced less mature nad7 transcripts, and eventually reduced Complex I activities, up-regulated alternative oxidase metabolism, caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and activation of stress or hormone response processes. This study indicates that the GhIm protein participates in mitochondrial nad7 splicing, affects respiratory metabolism, and further regulates cotton fiber development via ATP supply and ROS balance., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Genetics Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: To assess the clinical effect of staged joint replacement for the treatment of septic arthritic knee and the therapeutic differences between antibiotic cement beads and the tibial plateau spacer., Methods: Twenty-three patients (24 knee joints) treated with a staged joint replacement for septic arthritis knee were retrospectively reviewed between March 2014 and April 2018. At the first stage, thorough debridement and irrigation with self-made antibiotic cement beads or tibial plateau spacer were performed. After that, systemic antibiotic treatment was followed; when the infection was surely eliminated, the second-stage TKA was performed. Knee mobility (range of motion, abbreviated to ROM) and function (HSS scores system) were evaluated before surgery, in the interval period, and after joint replacement., Results: All patients finished follow-up, and the mean follow-up time was 27.3 months (12-54 months). Each group has one patient replaced with a homotypic spacer, and all patients eventually cleared the infection. None of the patients had a recurrent infection. The mobility and HSS scores of the two groups were significantly improved postoperation (p < 0.05). And there was no significant difference in the post-surgery ROM (p = 0.153) and the HSS score (p = 0.054) between the two groups., Conclusion: Staged joint replacement is an efficacious way for septic arthritic knees, whether tibial plateau spacer or antibiotic cement beads were used, which can effectively control infection and improve knee function.

Olive ( Olea europaea L.) is a very important woody tree and favored by consumers because of the fruit's high-quality olive oil. Chloroplast genome analysis will provide insights into the chloroplast variation and genetic evolution of olives. The complete chloroplast genomes of three accessions ( O. europaea subsp. cuspidata isolate Yunnan, O. europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris, and O. europaea subsp. europaea var. frantoio) were obtained by next-generation sequencing technology. A total of 133 coding regions were identified in the three chloroplast genomes without rearrangement. O. europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris and O. europaea subsp. europaea var. frantoio had the same sequences (155,886 bp), while O. europaea subsp. cuspidata isolate Yunnan (155,531 bp) presented a large gap between rps16 and trnQ-UUG genes with six small gaps and fewer microsatellites. The whole chloroplast genomes of 11 O. europaea were divided into two main groups by a phylogenetic tree and O. europaea subsp. cuspidata formed a separate group (Cuspidata group) with the other subspecies (Mediterranean/North African group). Identification of consistency and diversity among O. europaea subspecies will benefit the exploration of domestication events and facilitate molecular-assisted breeding for O. europaea .