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The cryptophyte nucleomorph 18S rRNA gene in natural Myrionecta rubra cells were sequenced to study the prey organisms of M. rubra and the plastid identities of several Dinophysis species in Japanese coastal waters to reveal their ecological relationships in natural environments. Teleaulax amphioxeia could probably be the primary source of prey for M. rubra in Japanese coastal waters and an unknown cryptophyte might serve as an additional source, depending on localities and seasons.

Utilization of low concentration CO 2 contained in the exhaust gases from various industries and thermal power stations without the need for energy-consuming concentration processes should be an important technology for solving global warming and the shortage of fossil resources. Here we report the direct electrocatalytic reduction of low concentration CO 2 by a Re(i)-complex catalyst that possesses CO 2 -capturing ability in the presence of triethanolamine. The reaction rate and faradaic efficiency of CO 2 reduction were almost the same when using Ar gas containing 10% CO 2 or when using pure CO 2 gas, and the selectivity of CO formation was very high (98% at 10% CO 2 ). At a concentration of 1% CO 2 , the Re(i) complex still behaved as a good electrocatalyst; 94% selectivity of CO formation and 85% faradaic efficiency were achieved, and the rate of CO formation was 67% compared to that when using pure CO 2 gas. The electrocatalysis was due to the efficient insertion of CO 2 into the Re(i)-O bond in fac -[Re(dmb)(CO) 3 {OC 2 H 4 N(C 2 H 4 OH) 2 }] (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine).