18 results on '"Ngoc-Sang Pham"'
Search Results
2. Demand and equilibrium with inferior and Giffen behaviors
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Ngoc-Sang Pham, Cuong Le Van, IPAG Business School, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Academy of Policy and Development, Partenaires INRAE, Institute of Mathematics and Applied Science (TIMAS), Konan University [Kobe, Japan], Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School, For this research, Cuong Le Van is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 502.01-2017.12. Ngoc-Sang Pham is member of the LabEx Entrepreneurship (University of Montpellier, France), funded by the French government (Labex Entreprendre, ANR-10-Labex-11-01)., and ANR-10-LABX-0011,Entreprendre,Entrepreneurship(2010)
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Class (set theory) ,Sociology and Political Science ,General equilibrium theory ,05 social sciences ,General Social Sciences ,Inferior good ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,01 natural sciences ,Equilibrium price ,010104 statistics & probability ,Giffen good ,0502 economics and business ,Differentiable function ,0101 mathematics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Mathematical economics ,General Psychology ,050205 econometrics ,Mathematics - Abstract
International audience; We introduce a class of differentiable, strictly increasing, concave utility functions exhibiting an explicit demand of a good which may have Giffen behavior. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition (based on prices and consumers’ preferences and income) under which this good is normal, inferior or Giffen. A general equilibrium analysis is also provided.
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- 2020
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3. A direct proof of the Gale–Nikaido–Debreu lemma using Sperner’s lemma
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Thanh Le, Cuong Le Van, Ngoc-Sang Pham, Cagri Saglam, and Sağlam, Çağrı
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General equilibrium ,Control and Optimization ,Sperner lemma ,Fixed point theorem ,Applied Mathematics ,Simplex ,Subdivision ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Gale–Nikaido–Debreu lemma - Abstract
The Gale–Nikaido–Debreu lemma plays an important role in establishing the existence of competitive equilibrium. In this paper, we use Sperner’s lemma and basic elements of topology to prove the Gale–Nikaido–Debreu lemma.
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- 2022
4. Real indeterminacy and dynamics of asset price bubbles in general equilibrium
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Stefano Bosi, Cuong Le Van, Ngoc-Sang Pham, Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), IPAG Business School, Institute of Mathematics and Applied Science (TIMAS), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métis Lab EM Normandie, École de Management de Normandie (EM Normandie), Center for Advanced Studies in Economics and Data Science [Vietnam] (CASED), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Economics and Econometrics ,Infinite-horizon ,intertemporal equilibrium ,JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E4 - Money and Interest Rates/E.E4.E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy ,Applied Mathematics ,real indeterminacy ,in- tertemporal equilibrium ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium/D.D5.D53 - Financial Markets ,asset price bubble ,borrowing constraint ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G12 - Asset Pricing • Trading Volume • Bond Interest Rates ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; We show that both real indeterminacy and asset price bubble may appear in an infinite-horizon exchange economy with infinitely lived agents and an imperfect financial market. We explain how the asset structure and heterogeneity (in terms of preferences and endowments) affect the existence and the dynamics of asset price bubbles as well as the equilibrium indeterminacy. Moreover, this paper bridges the literature on bubbles in models with infinitely lived agents and that in overlapping generations models.
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- 2021
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5. Effects of credit limit on efficiency and welfare in a simple general equilibrium model
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Ngoc-Sang Pham and Hien Pham
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Economics and Econometrics ,General equilibrium theory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Financial market ,TheoryofComputation_GENERAL ,Social welfare function ,Microeconomics ,Debt ,0502 economics and business ,Value (economics) ,Economics ,050206 economic theory ,Fraction (mathematics) ,Credit limit ,050207 economics ,Welfare ,media_common - Abstract
We consider a simple general equilibrium model with two agents under the presence of financial market imperfections: agents can borrow to realize their productive project up to the level of debt whose repayment reaches a fraction of the project's value (so-called credit limit). After characterizing the whole set of equilibria, we investigate the connection between credit limit, (individual and social) welfare, and efficiency. We also compute the optimal credit limit which maximizes the social welfare function.
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- 2019
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6. Effects of foreign aid on the recipient country’s economic growth
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Thi Kim Cuong Pham, Ngoc-Sang Pham, Montpellier Business School, Montpellier Research in Management (MRM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International (FERDI), EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0011,Entreprendre,Entrepreneurship(2010), Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
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Aid effectiveness ,Economics and Econometrics ,Public investment ,Endogenous growth theory ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,Conditionality ,International economics ,Cycle ,Poverty trap ,Discount points ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,0502 economics and business ,8. Economic growth ,Economics ,Steady state multiplicity ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,050206 economic theory ,Nexus (standard) ,Economic growth ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
International audience; We introduce an infinite-horizon endogenous growth framework for studying the effects of foreign aid on the economic growth in a recipient country. Aid is used to partially finance the recipient’s public investment. We point out that the same rule of aid may have very different outcomes, depending on the recipient’s circumstances in terms of development level, domestic investment, efficiency in the use of aid and in public investment, etc. Foreign aid may promote growth in the recipient country, but the global dynamics of equilibrium are complex (because of the non-monotonicity and steady state multiplicity). The economy may converge to a steady state or grow without bounds. Moreover, there are rooms for the divergence and a two-period cycle. We characterize conditions under which each scenario takes place. Our analysis contributes to the debate on the nexus between aid and economic growth and in particular on the conditionality of aid effects.
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- 2020
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7. Financial bubbles and capital accumulation in altruistic economies
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Thai Ha-Huy, Cao-Tung Pham, Stefano Bosi, Ngoc-Sang Pham, Cuong Le Van, Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), IPAG Business School, Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School, The authors are very grateful to anonymous referees for useful remarks, comments, and suggestions. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the LabEx MME-DII (no. ANR11-LBX-0023-01) and the Institut Europlace de Finance Louis Bachelier. Cuong Le Van is partially funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant Number 502.01-2017.12. Ngoc-Sang Pham is member of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Chair, which is part of LabEx Entrepreneurship (University of Montpellier, France) and funded by the French government (Labex Entreprendre, ANR-10-Labex-11-01)., ANR-11-LABX-0023,MME-DII,Modèles Mathématiques et Economiques de la Dynamique, de l'Incertitude et des Interactions(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0011,Entreprendre,Entrepreneurship(2010), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Economics and Econometrics ,Financial asset ,Applied Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Monetary economics ,Overlapping generations model ,Overlapping generations ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Altruism ,Rational bubbles ,Capital accumulation ,Forward altruism ,Capital (economics) ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Dividend ,Asset (economics) ,050207 economics ,Economic bubble ,050205 econometrics ,media_common ,Positive dividends - Abstract
International audience; We consider an overlapping generations model a la Diamond (1965) with two additional ingredients: altruism and an asset (or land) bringing non-stationary positive dividends (or fruits). We study the global dynamics of capital stocks and asset values as well as the interplay between them. Asset price bubbles are also investigated. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- 2018
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8. Intertemporal equilibrium with heterogeneous agents, endogenous dividends and collateral constraints
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Stefano Bosi, Ngoc-Sang Pham, Cuong Le Van, Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), IPAG Business School, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School, The authors are very grateful to the co-editor Alessandro Citanna and anonymous referees for useful remarks, comments, and suggestions. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the LabEx MME-DII (no. ANR11-LBX-0023-01) and the Institut Europlace de Finance Louis Bachelier . Cuong Le Van is partially funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 502.01-2017.12. Ngoc-Sang Pham is member of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Chair, which is part of LabEx Entrepreneurship (University of Montpellier, France) and funded by the French government (Labex Entreprendre, ANR-10-Labex-11-01)., ANR-11-LABX-0023,MME-DII,Modèles Mathématiques et Economiques de la Dynamique, de l'Incertitude et des Interactions(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0011,Entreprendre,Entrepreneurship(2010), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Economics and Econometrics ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G10 - General ,General equilibrium theory ,Collateral ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium/D.D5.D53 - Financial Markets ,[MATH.MATH-FA]Mathematics [math]/Functional Analysis [math.FA] ,JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium ,Microeconomics ,Incomplete markets ,Intertemporal equilibrium ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,050207 economics ,050205 econometrics ,Valuation (finance) ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice ,JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E4 - Money and Interest Rates/E.E4.E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,Financial market ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Rational bubbles ,General equilibrium ,Infinite-horizon ,Asset valuation ,8. Economic growth ,Dividend ,Collateral constraint ,Infinite horizon - Abstract
We build a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogenous producers and financial market imperfections (collateral constraints and incompleteness). First, we prove the existence of equilibrium and provide a tractable characterization to check whether a sequence is an equilibrium. Second, we study the effects of financial imperfections on economic growth and land prices. Third, we develop a theory of valuation of land by introducing the notion of endogenous land dividends (or yields) and different concepts of land-price bubbles. Some examples of bubbles are provided in economies with and without short-sales.
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- 2018
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9. Asset bubbles and efficiency in a generalized two-sector model
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Stefano Bosi, Ngoc-Sang Pham, Cuong Le Van, Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), IPAG Business School, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School, The authors are very grateful to three anonymous referees for useful remarks, comments, suggestions. They have helped us to substantially improve our previous version. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the LabEx MME-DII (No. ANR11-LBX-0023-01) and the Institut Europlace de Finance Louis Bachelier. Ngoc-Sang Pham is member of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Chair, which is part of LabEx Entrepreneurship (University of Montpellier, France) and funded by the French government (Labex Entreprendre, ANR-10-Labex-11-01)., ANR-11-LABX-0023,MME-DII,Modèles Mathématiques et Economiques de la Dynamique, de l'Incertitude et des Interactions(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0011,Entreprendre,Entrepreneurship(2010), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Sociology and Political Science ,General equilibrium theory ,Bubble ,05 social sciences ,General Social Sciences ,Discount points ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Microeconomics ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Sector model ,Infinite horizon ,Asset (economics) ,050207 economics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Mathematical economics ,General Psychology ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
We consider a multi-sector infinite-horizon general equilibrium model. Asset supply is endogenous. The issues of equilibrium existence, efficiency, and bubble emergence are addressed. We show how different assets give rise to very different rational bubbles. We also point out that efficient bubbly equilibria may exist.
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- 2017
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10. Rational Land and Housing Bubbles in Infinite-Horizon Economies
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Ngoc-Sang Pham, Stefano Bosi, Cuong Le Van, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Van Xuan Center of Research in Economics, Management and Environment (VCREME), IPAG Business School, Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), K. Nishimura, A. Venditti and N. Yannelis, École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice ,Rest (physics) ,General equilibrium theory ,05 social sciences ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium/D.D5.D51 - Exchange and Production Economies ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G13 - Contingent Pricing • Futures Pricing ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium ,housing bubble ,Work (electrical) ,Economy ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Dividend ,050206 economic theory ,Infinite horizon ,land bubble ,general equilibrium ,infinite horizon ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
International audience; This paper considers rational land and housing bubbles in an infinite-horizon general equilibrium model. Their demands rest on two different grounds: the land is an input to produce while the house may be consumed. Our work differs from the existing literature in two respects. First, dividends on both these long-lived assets are endogenous and their sequences are computed. Second, we introduce and study different concepts of bubbles, including individual and strong bubbles.
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- 2016
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11. Taxation, bubbles and endogenous growth
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Ngoc-Sang Pham, Stefano Bosi, Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)
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Macroeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,Public investment ,Endogenous growth theory ,Bubble ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,Monetary economics ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Endogenous growth ,Grossman ,0502 economics and business ,8. Economic growth ,Economics ,Taxation on financial revenue ,Liquid bubble ,050207 economics ,Public R&D ,Finance ,Externality ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
International audience; We study the interplay between taxation, bubble formation and economic growth. A rational bubble may be beneficial when growth is fueled by public investment (or R&D externalities) and the government levies taxes on bubble returns to finance this investment. Our main result challenges the conventional view about the negative effect of bubbles in endogenous growth (Grossman and Yanagawa, 1993). © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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- 2016
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12. Intertemporal equilibrium with financial asset and physical capital
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Ngoc-Sang Pham, Cuong Le Van, IPAG Business School, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01.This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX_93-01., Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Economics and Econometrics ,General equilibrium theory ,Financial asset ,Physical bubbles ,jel:C62 ,jel:E44 ,Efficiency ,Profit (economics) ,Financial bubbles ,Microeconomics ,Physical capital ,Intertemporal equilibrium ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,050207 economics ,Economic bubble ,050205 econometrics ,Productivity ,jel:D91 ,05 social sciences ,Financial market ,jel:D31 ,Fluctuation ,Financial friction ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,jel:G10 ,infinite horizon,intertemporal equilibrium,financial friction,productivity,efficiency,fluctuation,bubbles ,Infinite horizon ,Infinite horizon, intertemporal equilibrium, financial friction, productivity, efficiency, fluctuation, bubbles ,Public finance - Abstract
International audience; We build an infinite-horizon dynamic deterministic general equilibrium model with imperfect markets (borrowing constraints), in which heterogeneous agents invest in capital or/and financial asset and consume. There is a representative firm which maximizes its profit. Firstly, the existence of intertemporal equilibrium is proved even if aggregate capital is not uniformly bounded. Secondly, we study the interaction between the financial market and the productive sector. We also explore the nature of physical capital bubble and financial asset bubble as well.
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- 2016
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13. Nonsmooth optimization over the (weakly or properly) Pareto set of a linear-quadratic multi-objective control problem: Explicit optimality conditions
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Henri Bonnel and Ngoc-Sang Pham
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Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Mathematical optimization ,021103 operations research ,Control and Optimization ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,Strategy and Management ,Control (management) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Solution set ,Pareto principle ,02 engineering and technology ,Linear quadratic ,Decision maker ,Grand coalition ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Set (abstract data type) ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Differential game ,Business and International Management ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Algorithm - Abstract
We present explicit optimality conditions for a nonsmooth functional defined over the (properly or weakly) Pareto set associated with a multi-objective linear-quadratic control problem. This problem is very difficult even in a finite dimensional setting , i.e. when, instead of a control problem, we deal with a mathematical programming problem. Amongst various applications, our problem may be considered as a response for a decision maker when he has to choose a solution over the solution set of the grand coalition $p$-player cooperative differential game.
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- 2011
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14. The Effects of Oil Price Shocks in a New-Keynesian Framework with Capital Accumulation
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Ngoc-Sang Pham, Florent Mc Isaac, Veronica Acurio Vasconez, Gaël Giraud, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Macroeconomics ,JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles/E.E3.E32 - Business Fluctuations • Cycles ,Energy Efficiency ,020209 energy ,Growth ,02 engineering and technology ,Monetary economics ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Capital accumulation ,Stagflation ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q3.Q31 - Demand and Supply • Prices ,0502 economics and business ,Oil Price ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,New Keynesian economics ,Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium ,Economics ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity/O.O4.O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth • Aggregate Productivity • Cross-Country Output Convergence ,050207 economics ,New Keynesian ,JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E1 - General Aggregative Models/E.E1.E12 - Keynes • Keynesian • Post-Keynesian ,New-Keynesian model,DSGE,oil,capital accumulation,stagflation,energy productivity,productivité énergétique,modèle néo-keynesien,équilibre général dynamique stochastique,pétrole,accumulation du capital ,Stylized fact ,Energy ,Output elasticity ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy/Q.Q4.Q41 - Demand and Supply • Prices ,05 social sciences ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Oil ,Shock (economics) ,General Energy ,Capital (economics) ,8. Economic growth - Abstract
The economic implications of oil price shocks have been extensively studied since the 1970s'. Despite this huge literature, no dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model was available that captures two well-known stylized facts: 1) the stagflationary impact of an oil price shock, together with 2) the influence of the energy productivity of capital on the depth and length of this impact. We build, estimate and simulate a New-Keynesian model with capital accumulation, which takes the case of an economy where oil is imported from abroad, and where these stylized facts can be accounted for. Moreover, the Bayesian estimation of the model on the US economy (1984-2007) suggests that the output elasticity of oil might have been above 10%, stressing the role of oil use in US growth at this time. Finally, our simulations confirm that an increase in energy efficiency significantly attenuates the effects of an oil shock —a possible explanation of why the third oil shock (1999-2008) did not have the same macro-economic impact as the first two ones., Les conséquences économiques des chocs pétroliers ont été très étudiés depuis les années 1970. En dépit d'une abondante littérature, aucun modèle d'équilibre général dynamique stochastique n'était à ce jour disponible, qui captura les deux faits stylisés bien connus suivants : 1) l'impact stagflationniste d'un choc sur le prix du pétrole et 2) l'influence de la productivité énergétique du capital sur la profondeur et la longueur du dit impact. Nous construisons, estimons et simulons un modèle Néo-keynésien avec accumulation du capital, adapté à une économie importatrice de pétrole, où ces faits stylisés peuvent être retrouvés. De plus, l'estimation bayésienne du modèle sur les données des Etats-Unis (1984-2007) suggère que l'élasticité d'output du pétrole pourrait être supérieure à 10%, soulignant le rôle du pétrole dans la croissance des Etats-Unis sur cette période. Enfin, nos simulations confirment qu'une augmentation de l'efficacité énergétique atténue de manière significative les effets du choc —ce qui livre une explication possible au fait que le troisième choc pétrolier (1999-2008) n'a pas eu le même impact macro-économique que les deux premiers.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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15. Intertemporal equilibrium with production: bubbles and efficiency
- Author
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Stefano Bosi, Cuong Le Van, and Ngoc-Sang Pham
- Subjects
jel:D91 ,Intertemporal equilibrium, physical capital bubble, efficiency, infinite hori- zon ,efficiency,infinite horizon,intertemporal equilibrium,physical capital bubble,horizon infini,efficience,bulle du capital physique,équilibre intertemporel avec production ,jel:C62 ,jel:D31 ,jel:G10 ,Intertemporal equilibrium, physical capital bubble, efficiency, infinite horizon - Abstract
We consider a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents, borrowing constraints, and exogenous labor supply. First, the existence of intertemporal equilibrium is proved even if the aggregate capitals are not uniformly bounded above and the production functions are not time invariant. Second, (i) we call by physical capital bubble a situation in which the fundamental value of physical capital is lower than its price, (ii) we say that the interest rates are low if the sum of interest rates is finite. We show that physical capital bubble is equivalent to a situation with low interest rates. Last, we prove that with linear technologies, every intertemporal equilibrium is efficient. Moreover, there is a room for both efficiency and bubble., Nous considérons un modèle d'équilibre général avec agents hétérogènes, contraintes d'emprunt, et offre de travail exogène. D'abord, l'existence d'un équilibre est démontrée même si les capitaux ne sont pas bornés uniformément et si les fonctions de production ne sont pas stationnaires. Ensuite (i) nous définissons la bulle du capital physique comme la différence strictement positive entre son prix et sa valeur fondamentale (ii) nous montrons qu'une bulle existe si, et seulement si, la somme des taux d'intérêts est finie. Enfin, lorsque les fonctions de production sont linéaires, tout équilibre intertemporel est efficient. De plus, on peut avoir des équilibres à la fois efficients et avec bulle.
- Published
- 2014
16. Essai sur l'équilibre général avec contraintes d'emprunt, croissance optimale et IDE
- Author
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Ngoc-Sang, Pham and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
General equilibrium ,Investissement direct à l’étranger ,Borrowing constraints ,FDI ,Optimal growth ,Croissance optimale ,Équilibre général ,Contraintes d'emprunt ,[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance - Abstract
The dissertation contains five chapters. The first one considers an infinite horizon monetary economy. There is a Central Bank lending money to households by creating short- and long-term loans. Heterogeneous households can deposit and borrow money on both short- and longterm maturity loans. If households want to sell a financial asset, they are required to hold certain commodities as collateral. There is also a borrowing constraint when households want to borrow a long-term loan. Moreover, they face cash-in-advance constraints when buying commodities and financial assets. I introduce Uniform (resp., Sequential) Gains to Trade Hypothesis under which the existence of collateral monetary equilibrium is ensured and prices are uniformly (resp., only for the product topology) bounded. We also provide some properties of monetary equilibria, for example, the structure of interest rates and the liquidity trap. The second considers a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents, borrowing constraints, and exogenous labor supply. First, the existence of intertemporal equilibrium is proved even if the aggregate capitals are not uniformly bounded above and the production functions are not time invariant. Second, we call by physical capital bubble a situation in which the fundamental value of physical capital is lower than its market price. We show that there is a physical capital bubble if and only if the sum (over time) of capital returns is finite. We also point out that there is no causal relationship between physical capital bubble and the fact that the present value of output is finite. Last, with linear technologies, every intertemporal equilibrium is efficient in sense of Malinvaud (1953). Moreover, there is a room for both efficiency and bubble. The third studies the root of financial asset bubble in an infinite horizon general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and borrowing constraints. We say that there is a bubble at equilibrium if the price of the financial asset is greater than its fundamental value. First, we found that bubble can occur only if there exists an agent and an infinite sequence of date such that borrowing constraints of this agent are binding at each date of this sequence. Second, we prove that there is a bubble if and only if interest rates are low, which means that the sum (over time) of interest rates (in term of financial asset) is finite. Last, we give a condition on exogenous variables, under which a financial asset bubble occurs at equilibrium. In the fourth chapter, we build an infinite-horizon dynamic deterministic general equilibrium model in which heterogeneous agents invest in capital and/or financial asset, and consume. We proved the existence of intertemporal equilibrium in this model, even if aggregate capital is not uniformly bounded and technologies are not stationary. By using this framework, we studied the relationship between the financial market and the productive sector: When productivity is low and financial dividends are bounded away from zero, the productive sector will produce nothing at infinitely many dates. However, when productivity is low and the financial dividend is high, there is investment in the productive sector. This is due to the fact that part of the financial dividend is used for the purchase of the physical capital. When productivity is high enough, the economy will produce at any period. We pointed out impacts of the financial asset. Fluctuations on financial dividends can create fluctuations on the aggregate capital stocks [...], La thèse se compose de 5 articles. Le premier article considère une économie monétaire à horizon infini avec actifs financiers collatéralisés. La Banque Centrale fait des prêts à court et à long terme aux ménages. Les agents peuvent déposer ou/et emprunter à court ou à long terme. Néanmoins un plafond est imposé sur les emprunts de long terme. Tous les agents ont accès aux marchés financiers. Toutefois les agents doivent posséder suffisamment de collatéral en biens de consommations pour vendre un actif financier. Les agents font face à des contraintes de liquidité aussi bien lorsqu’ils achètent des biens de consommation que des actifs financiers. Sous des hypothèses de ”Gains `a l’échange”, l’existence de l’équilibre est démontrée. Dans un tel cadre, plusieurs propriétés des équilibres sont démontrées, notamment l’existence d’une trappe à liquidité. Le deuxième considère un modèle d’équilibre général à la Ramsey avec agents hétérogènes, contraintes d’emprunt, et offre de travail exogène. D’abord, l’existence d’un équilibre est démontrée même si les capitaux ne sont pas bornés uniformément et si les fonctions de production ne sont pas stationnaires. Ensuite (i) nous définissons la bulle du capital physique comme la différence strictement positive entre son prix et sa valeur fondamentale (ii) nous montrons qu’une bulle existe si, et seulement si, la somme des rendements du capital est finie. Enfin, lorsque les fonctions de production sont linéaires, tout équilibre intertemporel est efficient. De plus, on peut avoir des équilibres à la fois efficients et avec bulle. Le troisième étudie la nature de la bulle financière dans un modèle d’équilibre général à l’horizon infini avec agents hétérogènes, contraintes d’emprunt endogènes. Nous démontrons l’existence d’un équilibre sans aucune condition sur des dotations initiales des agents. Nous disons qu’il y a une bulle financière à l’équilibre si le prix d’actif financier est supérieur à sa valeur fondamentale. Nous démontrons que les trois conditions suivantes sont équivalentes : (i) Il y a une bulle, (ii) le coût d’emprunt est strictement positif, (iii) les taux d’intérêt sont bas, i.e., la somme des taux d’intérêt au cours du temps est finie. Nous donnons aussi une condition sur les variables exogènes pour que la bulle financière apparaisse à l’équilibre. Le quatrième concerne l’interaction entre le marché financier et le secteur productif. Pour étudier cela, nous construisons un modèle d’équilibre général à horizon infini avec agents hétérogènes, contraintes d’emprunt endogènes dans lequel les agents investissent en actif financier ou/et en capital physique. Il y a une firme qui maximise son profit. D’abord, l’existence d’un équilibre est démontrée. Nous montrons que si la productivité est suffisamment élevée, l’économie ne tombe jamais en récession. Si la productivité est basse, l’économie va tomber en récession avec un nombre infini de fois. Cependant, dans certains cas, l’actif financier pourrait bénéficier à l’économie en finançant l’achat du capital physique. Grâce à cela, une récession économique pourrait être évitée. [...]
- Published
- 2014
17. Collateral monetary equilibrium with liquidity constraints in an infinite horizon economy
- Author
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Ngoc-Sang Pham
- Subjects
Monetary economy,liquidity constraint,collateralized asset,infinite horizon,liquidity trap,Economie monétaire,contraintes de liquidité,trappe à liquidité,horizon infini - Abstract
This paper considers an infinite-horizon monetary economy with collateralized assets. A Central BanK lends money to households by creating short- and long-term loans. Households can deposit or borrow money on both short- and long-term maturity loans. If households want to sell a financial asset, they are required to hold certain commodities as collateral. They face a cash-in-advance constraints when buying commodities and financial assets. Under Uniform or Sequential Gains to Trade Hypothesis, the existence of collateral monetary equilibrium is ensured. I also provide some properties of equilibria, including the liquidity trap., Cet article considère une économie monétaire à horizon infini avec actifs financiers collatéralisés. La Banque Centrale fait des prêts aux ménages à court et à long terme. Les agents peuvent déposer ou emprunter à court ou à long terme, néanmoins un plafond est imposé sur les emprunts de long terme. Tous les agents ont accès aux marchés financiers, toutefois les agents doivent posséder suffisamment de collatéral en biens de consommations pour vendre un actif financier. Les agents font face à des contraintes de liquidité aussi bien lorsqu'ils achètent des biens de consommation que des actifs financiers. Sous des hypothèses de "Gains à l'échange", l'existence de l'équilibre est démontrée. Dans un tel cadre, plusieurs propriétés des équilibres sont démontrées, notamment une situation de trappe à liquidité.
- Published
- 2013
18. Energy and Capital in a New-Keynesian Framework
- Author
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Verónica Acurio Vasconez, Gaël Giraud, Florent Mc Isaac, and Ngoc Sang Pham
- Subjects
New-Keynesian model,Oil,Capital Accumulation,Stagflation,Accumulation du capital,Modèle néo-keynésien,DSGE,Pétrole - Abstract
The economic implications of oil price shocks have been extensively studied since the oil price shocks of the 1970s'. Despite this huge literature, no dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is available that captures two well-known stylized facts: 1) the stagflationary impact of an oil price shock, together with 2) two possible reactions of real wages: either a decrease (as in the US) or an increase (as in Japan). We construct a New-Keynesian DSGE model, which takes the case of an oil-importing economy where oil cannot be stored and where fossil fuels are used in two different ways: One part of the imported energy is used as an additional input factor next to capital and labor in the intermediate production of manufactured goods, the remaining part of imported energy is consumed by households in addition to their consumption of the final good. Oil prices, capital prices and nominal government spendings are exogenous random processes. We show that, without capital accumulation, the stagflationary effect is accounted for in general, and provide conditions under which a rise (resp. a declinr) of real wages follows the oil price shock., Les conséquences des chocs sur le prix du pétrole durant les années 1970 ont été abondamment étudiées. En dépit de l'imposante littérature consacrée au sujet, nous ne disposons pas à ce jour de modèle d'équilibre général dynamique stochastique qui rende compte de deux faits stylisés bien connus : 1) l'impact d'un choc de prix en termes de stagflation ; les deux réactions possibles des salaires réels : une décroissance (comme aux Etats-Unis) ou bien une augmentation (comme au japon). Nous construisons un modèle DSGE néo-Keynésien appliqué au cas d'un pays importateur de pétrole, où le pétrole ne peut pas être stocké et où les ressources fossiles ont deux usage : une fraction du pétrole importé est utilisée comme facteur de production, avec le capital et le travail, au sein du secteur productif des biens manufacturés intermédiaires ; le reste est consommé par les ménages en plus du bien de consommation finale. Les prix du pétrole et du capital et le montant des dépenses publiques sont des processus stochastiques exogènes. Nous montrons qu'en l'absence d'accumulation du capital, il est possible de rendre compte de l'effet stagflationniste (en général), et offrons des conditions suffisantes pour une baisse (resp. une hausse) des salaires réels.
- Published
- 2012
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