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This longitudinal content analysis examines 128 articles containing the words hemp, hashish or marijuana appearing in the New York Times from 1851-1939, which starts at the publication's inception and concludes with the decade of the Marijuana Tax Act's passage. The research locates master framing of contentious issues by adapting previous computerized content analysis research to address historical documents unavailable for digital analysis. This study paints a more complete picture of one plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Brazilian Journalism Research is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

This article reports the political violence, censorship, and state terrorism in the first years of the Brazilian military dictatorship in United States' press, especially through the coverage of The New York Times. The research aims to offer more details about how the paper's coverage affected the change in public opinion inside and outside Brazil, with the hardening of the Brazilian dictatorship with the AI-5, that also documented institutionally the process of transition between the ideas of "revolution" and "military dictatorship", considering also, in this context, the Alliance for Progress' policies, idealized by the president Kennedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

At a time of renewed power struggles among nations, especially with the rise of China and Russia, the UK’s loss of leverage as a key player in the European Union following Brexit makes its relationship with the United States more crucial than ever before. That relationship, which is traditionally conceptualised as being ‘special’, undergirds international relations discourses in media spaces and political and academic communities on both sides of the Atlantic. Drawing on news coverage by the New York Times and The Guardian (UK) newspapers, this article explores how the media frame the UK–US relationship against the backdrop of Brexit. The discussion is predicated on the understanding that important sources of information can influence not only people’s perceptions but also how they think about an issue. The study concludes that while a special relationship is still a contested notion, a resilient and abiding alliance between the two countries is alleviating the impact of Brexit. more...

RESUMO – O objetivo principal deste artigo é identificar os elementos combativos que caracterizam as práticas profissionais das jornalistas norte-americanas Jodi Kantor e Megan Twohey, centrando-se nos trabalhos investigativos sobre violência sexual contra mulheres publicados no New York Times. Para o estudo de caso, realizou-se uma análise qualitativa do livro Ela disse: os bastidores da reportagem que impulsionou o #MeToo e de reportagens de autoria de ambas as jornalistas, pelas quais receberam o Prêmio Pulitzer de 2018. Os resultados indicam que as jornalistas realizaram uma investigação exaustiva, caracterizada por legitimar falas femininas, ao visibilizar as denúncias de mulheres vítimas de assédio sexual. Também é evidente o comprometimento das jornalistas em confrontar os agressores e revelar os fatos silenciados por figuras poderosas, como Donald Trump. ABSTRACT – The main objective of this paper is to identify the combative elements in the professional practices of American journalists Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey, focusing on investigative reports on sexual violence against women published in the New York Times. For this case study, a qualitative analysis was carried out on the book She Said: Breaking the Sexual Harassment Story That Helped Ignite a Movement and on the 2018 Pulitzer Prize-winning reports authored by these same journalists. The results show that these journalists conducted a thorough investigation, legitimizing female speech by bringing to light the complaints of women victims of sexual harassment. The commitment these journalists have to confronting aggressors and uncovering facts that are concealed by powerful figures, such as Donald Trump, is also evident. RESUMEN – El objetivo principal de este artículo es identificar los elementos combativos que caracterizan las prácticas profesionales de las periodistas estadounidenses Jodi Kantor y Megan Twohey, enfocándose en los trabajos de investigación sobre violencia sexual contra mujeres publicados en New York Times. Para el caso de estudio, se realizó un análisis cualitativo del libro She said: la investigación periodística que destapó los abusos de Harvey Weinstein e impulsó el movimiento #MeToo y de reportajes de autoría de ambas periodistas, por los cuales recibieron el premio Pulitzer de 2018. Los resultados indican que las periodistas realizaron una investigación exhaustiva, caracterizada por legitimar las hablas femeninas al visibilizar las denuncias de mujeres víctimas de acoso sexual. También es evidente el compromiso de las periodistas al confrontar a los agresores y revelar los hechos que estaban silenciados por figuras poderosas, como Donald Trump. Palavras-chave: Jornalismo combativo. Jornalismo investigativo. Assédio sexual. #MeToo. New York Times. more...

IntroductionSubstances and the people who use them have been dehumanized for decades. As a result, lawmakers and healthcare providers have implemented policies that subjected millions to criminalization, incarceration, and inadequate resources to support health and wellbeing. While there have been recent shifts in public opinion on issues such as legalization, in the case of marijuana in the U.S., or addiction as a disease, dehumanization and stigma are still leading barriers for individuals seeking treatment. Integral to the narrative of “substance users” as thoughtless zombies or violent criminals is their portrayal in popular media, such as films and news.MethodsThis study attempts to quantify the dehumanization of people who use substances (PWUS) across time using a large corpus of over 3 million news articles. We apply a computational linguistic framework for measuring dehumanization across three decades of New York Times articles.ResultsWe show that (1) levels of dehumanization remain high and (2) while marijuana has become less dehumanized over time, attitudes toward other substances such as heroin and cocaine remain stable.DiscussionThis work highlights the importance of a holistic view of substance use that places all substances within the context of addiction as a disease, prioritizes the humanization of PWUS, and centers around harm reduction. more...

At a time of renewed power struggles among nations, especially with the rise of China and Russia, the UK's loss of leverage as a key player in the European Union following Brexit makes its relationship with the United States more crucial than ever before. That relationship, which is traditionally conceptualised as being 'special', undergirds international relations discourses in media spaces and political and academic communities on both sides of the Atlantic. Drawing on news coverage by the New York Times and The Guardian (UK) newspapers, this article explores how the media frame the UK-US relationship against the backdrop of Brexit. The discussion is predicated on the understanding that important sources of information can influence not only people's perceptions but also how they think about an issue. The study concludes that while a special relationship is still a contested notion, a resilient and abiding alliance between the two countries is alleviating the impact of Brexit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Simple Summary: This brief report looks at the language used by The New York Times to report on human-shark interactions and whether they go beyond the phrase "shark attack". "Shark attack" is a phrase that holds a powerful psychological position in the mind of the public and directs the way sharks are talked about in society. However, it raises concerns because the phrase "shark attack" tells a one-dimensional story of shark behavior, which is often misleading. Data shows that between 32–38% of reported shark "attacks" have no injury at all. As a result, scrutiny of media reporting on different types of human-shark interactions is important. This study found The New York Times still uses shark "attack" language but has begun to layer it with more scientifically accurate shark "bite" and "sighting" narratives that convey less sensational stories. This is part of a growing trend to incorporate a broader lexicon that explains that not every interaction with sharks' results in injury or fatality. The social and political dynamics around human–shark interactions are a growing area of interest in marine social science. The question motivating this article asks to what extent media reporting by The New York Times has engaged beyond the lexicon of "shark attack" discourse to describe human–shark interactions. It is important because different styles of reporting on human–shark interactions can influence the public's perceptions about sharks and support for shark conservation. This media outlet is also a paper of record whose editorial style choices may influence the broader media landscape. I review reporting language from The New York Times for 10 years between 2012 and 2021 (n = 36). I present three findings: first, I argue that The New York Times has had an increased frequency in use of the term "shark bite" to describe human–shark interactions. Secondly, I find that shark "attack" is still used consistently with other narratives. Third, there appears to be an increased use of "sightings; encounter; and incident" descriptors since 2020. The implication of this is a layered approach to reporting on human–shark interactions that diversifies away from a one-dimensional shark "attack" discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article analyses the coverage of the Revolution of 1917 in Russia by the American newspaper New York Times. It was the most influential print media which expressed opinions of the political establishment. In November, 1917, New York Times featured the Russian Revolution as the main international news. The publications contained mere facts without conclusions but the comments sounded pessimistic. An object of deep concern was the impact of the Revolution on the role of Russia in WWI. The reports from Russia written in a dry telegraphic style could just confuse an American reader. In order to provide an insight into the Revolution the newspaper published analytical materials such as the essay "Bolsheviki's Chief" by the Russian revolutionary immigrant M. Olgin. Apart from analytical materials New York Times published some narratives by witnesses. One of them described the procedures of the revolutionary court in Petrograd through the trial of countess Panin. Another narrative written by an American businessman S.Lovich provided vivid sketches of everyday life in revolutionary Petrograd. To conclude, New York Times not only covered the twists and turns of political life but also the specific character of revolutionary daily routine. more...

La Guerra Hispano-estadounidense fue muy apoyada por el periodismo estadounidense que, en ese entonces se encontraba en pleno crecimiento gracias a las nuevas tecnologías. No solo había aumentado la cantidad de diarios y la circulación de los mismos, sino que también había surgido una nueva forma de hacer periodismo, el amarillismo. Esta guerra sería el escenario donde el máximo representante de este periodismo amarillista, William Randolph Hearst, y el máximo representante del periodismo tradicional, Adolph Ochs, expondrían sus métodos periodísticos, su objetividad, su solvencia económica y su capacidad para obtener noticias y hacerlas llegar al público. Ambos hombres, cada uno desde su diario, el New York Journal y el New York Times respectivamente, defendería la expansión y el intervencionismo de su país, pero de formas muy distintas. Este trabajo pretende demostrar cómo cada diario se acomodó a esta lógica imperialista, cada uno desde su estilo. more...

This article examines the most consequential Constitutional case in American history regarding the right of the press to expose the origins of a war – while it was still being fought. The crisis of the early summer of 1971 was unprecedented. In the past, for the sake of national security, limitations had sometimes been imposed on newspapers and magazines condemning the war that was being fought – most notoriously, in the twentieth century, during the First World War. But the case of the Pentagon Papers was peculiar, because the New York Times, and soon the Washington Post, and then about two dozen other daily newspapers reprinted top secret documents that the press was not authorized to possess. The Supreme Court therefore had to resolve the conflict between the claims of the press under the seemingly unambiguous First Amendment (“Congress shall make no law . . .”) and the warning of the executive branch that the lives of American servicemen in Indochina were at stake because of the most enormous leak of secret government documents ever. The Pentagon Papers represent a revealing episode in the history of journalism, the history of governance and the history of jurisprudence. more...

O artigo analisa o especial de quatro reportagens em vídeo denominado The Daily 360: Genocide Legacy, veiculado em abril de 2017 pelo New York Times. Nas reportagens em vídeo curtas, o sentido é produzido a partir da imersão em 360 graus do espectador, que acessa os lugares do acontecimento e escuta os testemunhos. A análise foi amparada no método qualitativo da análise de conteúdo, tendo sido elaboradas categorias e subcategorias a partir do conteúdo. As reportagens em 360 graus permitem a democratização de lugares de memória e a aproximação com o acontecimento histórico. Além disso, ilustra a configuração de formatos distintos de transmissão da memória a partir da reestruturação de novas linguagens jornalísticas. more...

The 2017 dispute between Saudi Arabia and Qatar provided the Trump administration an opportunity to demonstrate how it would conduct foreign policy and potentially alter the diplomatic relationships established with each country by its immediate predecessors. The dispute also allowed for an examination of how The New York Times would frame the conflict. This manuscript reviews the census of stories appearing in the main news section distributed by the newspaper from the beginning of the conflict through to the end of the 2017 calendar year. The results indicate the Trump administration’s view of the conflict appeared to be simplified as a good actor and a bad actor, influenced by the president’s affinity for one of the nations. The New York Times regularly highlighted the mistakes it believed the White House was making in addressing what it saw as a more complex dynamic between the two Middle Eastern nations. more...

Copyright of Colección is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

This essay lauds the publication of the Journal of Critical Mixed Race Studies, then turns immediately to argue that the journal must focus itself on actively becoming the authoritative voice on mixed-race matters, while also speaking out against naive colorblindness and premature declarations of postraciality. This is crucial because the public receives its information on mixed-race identity from the mainstream media, which has a long historical record of inaccurate and damaging reporting on mixed race. Using the recent "Race Remixed" series in the New York Times as a contemporary example of this problem, the essay argues that it is imperative that mainstream media writers seek out and use scholarly input in the publication of their articles. more...

Depois do New Journalism, houve uma nova aproximação entre jornalismo e narrativa, a partir de profissionais, que procuraram se utilizar de técnicas literárias para a produção de suas reportagens. A influência de tal movimento pode ser vista até hoje, em produtos que procuram se afastar do formato tradicional. Este é o caso da websérie “Conception”, produzida pelo New York Times, que traz a história sobre a maternidade de seis mulheres, por meio de animações curtas. Este artigo procura entender como a maternidade é representada na primeira temporada da websérie, a partir da análise de conteúdo, de Bardin (2011). Evidenciou-se que são abordadas temáticas diversificadas, a partir dos testemunhos, com a perspectiva das próprias personagens, amplificadas pelo uso de recursos multimídia, uma narrativa híbrida, ou jornalismo de animação. more...

Dehumanization is a pernicious psychological process that often leads to extreme intergroup bias, hate speech, and violence aimed at targeted social groups. Despite these serious consequences and the wealth of available data, dehumanization has not yet been computationally studied on a large scale. Drawing upon social psychology research, we create a computational linguistic framework for analyzing dehumanizing language by identifying linguistic correlates of salient components of dehumanization. We then apply this framework to analyze discussions of LGBTQ people in the New York Times from 1986 to 2015. Overall, we find increasingly humanizing descriptions of LGBTQ people over time. However, we find that the label homosexual has emerged to be much more strongly associated with dehumanizing attitudes than other labels, such as gay. Our proposed techniques highlight processes of linguistic variation and change in discourses surrounding marginalized groups. Furthermore, the ability to analyze dehumanizing language at a large scale has implications for automatically detecting and understanding media bias as well as abusive language online. more...

Copyright of Comunicação Pública is the property of Escola Superior de Comunicacao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Since the election of Hugo Chavez in 1998 the United States has played a highly questionable role interfering in Venezuelan politics, funding, training, and supporting attempts at coups to remove democratically elected presidents. Yet the American media (The New York Times, Washington Post, and Miami Herald) have presented the US overwhelmingly positively, portraying it as a force for democracy and stability in the region, contrary to the wealth of official evidence. This content and discourse analysis focuses on the coverage of four key events in recent Venezuelan history and concludes that the concept of “democracy” in the media is automatically applied to official US policy, whatever it happens to be. Thus, the official American ideology of its fundamental benevolence and exceptionalism is not disputed, even when reality clearly challenges this concept. more...

The declaration by former head of the US Iraq Survey Group to the US Senate Armed Services Committee that there was no evidence of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) in Iraq renewed calls for the scrutiny of the Bush administration’s case for war. Claims by the administration that Iraq was developing WMD and links with Al Qaeda were criticized as either not true or exaggerated to influence American public opinion and win popular support for the 2003 Iraqi war. Using New York Times as a case, this study examined the role the news media played in forming public opinion in support for or against the war. The study, conducted through content analysis, found that US official pro-war moral frames dominating the stories of the conflict in the buildup to the war. And by giving prominence and dominance to official US sources and their moral frames in support of the war, while excluding pro-diplomatic frames, New York Times stories exerted a "strong emotive appeal" on the US public and provided a moral justification for the 2003 Iraqi war. more...

O New York Times se configura como um dos principais jornais do mundo, tendo procurado apostar na personalização, hibridização e transmidiação de conteúdo. Tais iniciativas caracterizam o seu modelo de negócio digital, responsável por fazê-lo atravessar com sucesso a crise enfrentada pelos veículos comunicacionais após a internet. Um destes conteúdos é a coluna Modern Love, objeto deste artigo, que traz histórias relacionadas ao amor moderno. Ela se diferencia, porque o estilo dos textos bebe de atributos literários, configurando-se, assim, como um caso de cruzamento do jornalismo com a literatura. Ademais, a coluna também inspira uma websérie e um podcast de mesmo nome. O objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar a coluna A boyfriend too good to be true, a partir da análise crítica da narrativa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Although three notable American editors opposed Lajos Kossuth before and during his visit to the United States in 1851-52, the most influential was arguably James Watson Webb, editor of the New York Courier and Enquirer (NYCE). Webb had been appointed by President Zachary Taylor to be Charge d'Affaires to Vienna in 1849 but had neglected to wait for confirmation by the Senate before traveling to Vienna. When the Senate rejected his appointment by an overwhelming vote, an embittered Webb was obliged to return to the United States. Although Webb had made many political enemies, the public reason given for his Senate rejection was that body intended to keep the post vacant as a "punishment" for Austria's brutal suppression of the Hungarian rebels after their defeat in August 1849. Webb allegedly held Kossuth responsible for his rejected nomination, and upon returning to the United States and resuming the day-to-day operations of the NYCE, the paper's coverage of Hungary and Kossuth turned negative. During his visit to New York, Kossuth hinted that the Austrians might have bribed a certain New York editor to publish falsehoods about the Hungarian War of Independence. Webb took this hint as a personal attack and demanded an explanation from Kossuth, who never clearly explained which editor he was referring to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The objective of this study is to examine how US-related human rights issues are covered in the New York Times (NYT), and which factors influence the coverage. The study deals with two major domains of reporting of human rights issues occurring: within the US proper and in US actions internationally. Human rights narratives in the US are important factors explaining the selective nature of the newspaper’s reporting. The NYT reflects the official discourse of the US government in its coverage of human rights topics. It also plays the role of a “watchdog” and criticizes the US human rights situation in some areas. The study is based on the analysis of 155 NYT articles between the years 1998 and 2013. more...

The purpose of this article is to analyze the coverage of the Paralympics in the New York Times (NYT) from the first appearance of the term Paralympics in 1955 up to 2012. We analyzed a) the textual imagery (not imagery intrinsic to pictures) of the Paralympics and its athletes, b) the representation of views and hopes of Paralympians and c) the visibility of the Paralympics and Paralympians within the NYT. We found that NYT coverage of the Paralympics and Paralympians is minimal and often portrays Paralympic athletes in stereotypical ways, such as being supercrips or suffering entities. In regards to the portrayal of therapeutic assistive devices of Paralympic athletes in the NYT, four themes are evident: a) the advancement of technology, b) the hierarchy between different therapeutic assistive devices, c) the relationship between the device and the athlete and d) the affordability of the device. We submit that the portrayal of the Paralympics, as evident in the NYT, for the most part does not help to further the discussion around a) the future of the Paralympics and its role within society, b) the relationship between the Paralympics and the Olympics and c) barriers of sport participation faced by athletes with disabilities on all levels, from recreational to competitive sport. more...

In 2014 General Motors Company (GM) recalled more than 2.6 million automobiles to replace a defective ignition switch that had been implicated in more than a dozen deaths. Despite early problems with the switch, it took GM almost 11 years to initiate the recall. The recall announcement led to a firestorm of media criticism. Much of that criticism, however, was badly distorted. I concentrate on The New York Times’ coverage because it is a trusted news source, and because it devoted substantial resources to the story. Problems with The Times’ coverage were likely magnified in less reliable media outlets. I describe what we know about the switch problem and General Motors’ attempts to solve it, and try to explain the forces—mainly psychological—that warped The Times reporting. These forces—love of a story with heroes, villains, and a moral dimension; willingness to view group human activity on the model of individual human activity; overly simple theories of human motivation; a tendency to attribute beliefs and desires to organizations—are not unique to The Times or this particular story, and can thus be expected to affect media reports of other corporate decision-making. more...

Este estudio tiene por objetivo discutir como son presentados y contextualizados los apoyos dados a Barack Obama, manifiestos en el diario The New York Times, en el periodo de la campaña presidencial del 2008. more...

Among the various news genres, the distinctive telegraphic syntax and stylistic features of newspaper headlines have drawn a good deal of linguistic attention. However, no substantive analysis has been conducted to compare English headlines published in native and non-native contexts. To this end, the present study was done in two phases. In the first phase, 2000 English headlines were randomly selected from the electronic versions of New York Times (1000) and Tehran Times (1000) and analyzed syntactically and stylistically based on Haixin's (2003) model. Results indicated differences in syntactic and stylistic features of the headlines of the two newspapers. In the second phase, 26 male and female senior BA students of English were asked to translate 60 headlines chosen from the two newspapers. The analysis of the translations revealed that, in general, the participants experience greater difficulty comprehending and translating English headlines of New York Times, suggesting contextual variations being important in comprehending and translating headlines. more...

The objective of this study is to examine how US-related human rights issues are covered in the New York Times (NYT), and which factors influence the coverage. The study deals with two major domains of reporting of human rights issues occurring: within the US proper and in US actions internationally. Human rights narratives in the US are important factors explaining the selective nature of the newspaper's reporting. The NYT reflects the official discourse of the US government in its coverage of human rights topics. It also plays the role of a "watchdog" and criticizes the US human rights situation in some areas. The study is based on the analysis of 155 NYT articles between the years 1998 and 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This case study analyzes news coverage by The New York Times of an 'unworthy' social movement, which opposed official U.S. Navy policy to continue its presence and training on the Puerto Rican island of Vieques. Vieques represents an opportunity to elucidate and assess expectations of the media dependence model in relation to a case that involves changing policy positions effected by an unworthy social movement. The case study also evaluates the extent that the propaganda model by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, as well as the indexing model by W. Lance Bennett, are instructive in terms of news coverage of the efforts of the people of Vieques to evict the over 4-decade long presence of a major U.S. naval base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The topic of Autism is highly within academic literature (over 20000 articles in the database PubMed of US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health and the public domain (79 Million hits in Google). Newspapers also show a great interest in autism. However despite the prevalence of autism coverage very little media analysis has been performed. We present here an analysis of the coverage of autism in the New York Times from the time the term autism first appeared (1973) to 2012. Ability expectations and preferences are one dynamic through which members of a group judge others, themselves and their lives. Ability preferences and judgments are at the root of many rules of behaviours and customs. Ableism was one lens through which we analyzed the discourse surrounding autism in the NYT. We found that readers that rely on the NYT as a primary source of information get very limited information about what autism is and what factors are associated with autism and they are heavily exposed to a medical narrative. We suggest that the negative, medical narrative adds to the problems people with autism face. Keywords: autism; perception; media; New York Times; language; ableism more...