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Background: One of the most prevalent cancers in women worldwide is breast cancer. Breast cancer therapy is preferable to prevention. Breast cancer occurs for a variety of molecular reasons, making chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment highly difficult and frequently creating unfavorable side effects. For millennia, practically every disease has been treated using plant extracts, and breast cancer is no exception. Because of their minimal toxicity, herbal medications are reliable for the treatment of cancer. In addition, the majority of breast cancer-stricken women readily embrace herbal treatments due to their accessibility and affordability. Many plants and the chemicals found in them have been found to exhibit promising anticancer properties versus breast cancer cells in both in vivo and in vitro studies over the past ten years. The poor stability, water solubility, and bioavailability of natural products usually prevent the clinical translation of these drugs, despite the positive preclinical outcomes. There have been efforts to get beyond these restrictions, especially by using nano-based drug delivery methods (NDDSs). The present work aims to comprehensively review the formulation, challenges, and advantages in the development of Nano formulation of Phytoconstituents for Breast Cancer. Main text: This study focuses on the tumor-targeting mechanisms of NDDSs, the benefits, and drawbacks of the main classes of NDDSs for treating breast cancer, as well as the pathophysiology of breast cancer, modern treatments, and phytoconstituents that have shown promise in treating breast cancer. Conclusion: The current review gathered information on the latest treatments, advantages, and disadvantages of NDDS in Breast Cancer. The review also elaborates on the importance of developing of a Targeted delivery system of Phytoconstituents for Breast Cancer.

Abstract Background Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arn. (Malvaceae) commonly known as herb in the Ayurveda, Indian traditional medicine system. Herb is reported as a Rasayana that has the potential to produce immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of aqueous (AEAF) and ethanolic (EEAF) leaves extract of A. ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arn. in different experimental animal models were evaluated. Results Acute oral toxicity shows that both extracts have wide range of safety as per OECD 420 guidelines. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was evaluated by performing preliminary phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography and high-performance thin layer chromatography developed for simultaneous quantification of flavonoids (quercetin) in both the extracts. Oral administration of A. ficulneus L. extracts showed a significant increase in the primary and secondary humoral antibody responses against cyclophosamide (100 mg/kg) induced immunosuppression, by significantly increasing (p < 0.05) the hemagglutinating antibody titre at dose of 200 mg/kg/p.o. and also significantly (p < 0.05) potentiated delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the phagocytic index, percentage neutrophil adhesion and significantly prevented the mortality induced by bovine Pasteurella multocida in mice when compared with control group. Result findings shows that both the extracts have ability to inhibit immunosuppression induced by cyclophosamide. Conclusion Study finding shows that AEAF and EEAF (at dose 200 mg/kg) extracts exerts immunostimulatory effects on specific and nonspecific immune system thus chemical constituents of herbal extracts may have applications as an effective immunotherapeutic agent and its potential application in the treatment of immune-related diseases.

Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Oxidative stress (OS), a fairly common ND symptom, can be caused by more reactive oxygen species being made. In addition, the pathological state of NDs, which includes a high number of protein aggregates, could make chronic inflammation worse by activating microglia. Carotenoids, often known as “CTs”, are pigments that exist naturally and play a vital role in the prevention of several brain illnesses. CTs are organic pigments with major significance in ND prevention. More than 600 CTs have been discovered in nature, and they may be found in a wide variety of creatures. Different forms of CTs are responsible for the red, yellow, and orange pigments seen in many animals and plants. Because of their unique structure, CTs exhibit a wide range of bioactive effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The preventive effects of CTs have led researchers to find a strong correlation between CT levels in the body and the avoidance and treatment of several ailments, including NDs. To further understand the connection between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs, a literature review has been compiled. In addition, we have focused on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CTs for the treatment and management of NDs.