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OBJECTIVE--To describe the prevalence of biochemical [B.sub.12] deficiency in adults with type 2 diabetes taking metformin compared with those not taking metformin and those without diabetes, and explore whether this [...]

OBJECTIVE--There is limited information on whether recent improvements in the control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among individuals with diabetes have been concentrated in particular sociodemographic groups. This article [...]

OBJECTIVE--To test the association of family history of diabetes with the adoption of diabetes risk--reducing behaviors and whether this association is strengthened by physician advice or commonly known factors associated [...]

OBJECTIVE--Two lower-extremity diseases (LEDs), including peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), are leading causes of disability in the U.S. Although LEDs can be complications of diabetes, their prevelances and [...]

OBJECTIVE--The objective of this study was to examine the risk factors of low/mid-frequency and high-frequency hearing impairment among a nationally representative sample of diabetic adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data came [...]

OBJECTIVE--Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of mortality among people with diabetes. The objective of this study was to examine the trend in an estimated 10-year risk for [...]

OBJECTIVE--Whereas it is known that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a paradoxically lower prevalence in non-Hispanic black adolescents than in non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics, the relative severity of MetS by [...]

OBJECTIVE--To examine the relationship between albuminuria, inflammation, and disability in older adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data were from 1,729 adults (≥ 60 years) with diabetes in the National [...]

OBJECTIVE--Many studies have reported that periodontal disease is associated with diabetes, but its relation with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) has been understudied. This study investigated the relationship between chronic penodontitis, [...]

OBJECTIVE--To compare the prevalence in metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) between 1988-1994 and 1999-2006 among U.S. adults of different races or ethnicities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Analysis of data on 6,423 adult men [...]

OBJECTIVE--Little is known about the relative contributions of modifiable risk factors to overall diabetes mortality. The purpose of the current study is to 1) assess the association between modifiable risk [...]

OBJECTIVE--To estimate the rates of prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--A representative sample of the U.S. population (the [...]

OBJECTIVE--New clinical practice recommendations include A1C as an alternative to fasting glucose as a diagnostic test for identifying pre-diabetes. The impact of these new recommendations on the diagnosis of pre-diabetes [...]

OBJECTIVE--Insulin resistance is a suspected causative factor in a wide variety of diseases. We aimed to determine whether insulin resistance, estimated by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), [...]

OBJECTIVE--To examine the relationship of diabetes and functional disability in older adults and the possible mediating roles of comorbidities and A1C. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We analyzed data from a nationally [...]

OBJECTIVE--We examined potential mediators of the reported association between diabetes and hearing impairment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data come from 1,508 participants, aged 40-69 years, who completed audiometric testing during 1999-2004 [...]

OBJECTIVE--Iron deficiency has been reported to elevate A1C levels apart from glycemia. We examined the influence of iron deficiency on A1C distribution among adults without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Participants [...]

OBJECTIVE -- We examined prevalences of previously diagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes and high risk for diabetes using recently suggested A1C criteria in the U.S. during 2003-2006. We compared these [...]

Background: In vitro data suggest that lower extracellular pH activates the immune system. We conducted a population-based study of the relation between serum acid-base status and inflammation. Methods: We examined the serum anion gap and serum levels of bicarbonate and inflammatory biomarkers in 4525 healthy adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1999-2006. We excluded participants who had chronic disease, recent infection and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 [m.sup.2]. Results: The mean values of serum anion gap, bicarbonate level, leukocyte count and C-reactive protein level were all within normal limits. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnic background, body mass index, serum albumin level and other factors, we found that a higher anion gap and lower bicarbonate level were associated with a higher leukocyte count and higher C-reactive protein level. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of anion gap, those in the highest quartile had a leukocyte count that was 1.0 x 109/L higher and a C-reactive protein level that was 10.9 nmol/L higher (p < 0.01). Compared with participants in the highest quartile of bicarbonate level, those in the lowest quartile had a leukocyte count that was 0.7 x 109/L higher and a C-reactive protein level that was 4.0 nmol/L higher (p < 0.02). A higher anion gap and lower bicarbonate level were also associated with a higher platelet count, a larger mean platelet volume and a higher ferritin level. Interpretation: A higher serum anion gap and lower bicarbonate level were associated with higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers in a healthy sample of the general population. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relation between acid-base status and inflammation., Higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with increased mortality and the development of chronic disease. A recent study reported that all-cause mortality increased 11% for every increase of 1.0 [...]

OBJECTIVE--To determine the proportion of the American population who would merit metformin treatment, according to recent American Diabetes Association (ADA) consensus panel recommendations to prevent or delay the development of [...]

OBJECTIVE--To examine the association of hyperglycemia, as measured by GHb, with subsequent mortality in a nationally representative sample of adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We included adults aged ≥ 20 years [...]

OBJECTIVE--Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are considered to constitute 'pre-diabetes.' We estimated the prevalence of IFG, IGT, and prediabetes among U.S. adolescents using data from a [...]

OBJECTIVE--We examined the prevalences of diagnosed diabetes, and undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes using fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test values, in the U.S. during 2005-2006. We then compared the [...]

OBJECTIVE--Type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease are known to be associated, but the temporality of this relationship has not been firmly established. We investigated whether baseline periodontal disease independently predicts [...]

OBJECTIVE--The objective of this study was to develop a simple tool for the U.S. population to calculate the probability that an individual has either undiagnosed diabetes or pre-diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN [...]

OBJECTIVE--This study examined the effect of menopausal status on the risk of the metabolic syndrome in Korean women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and [...]

OBJECTIVE--To characterize the association of low Hb[A.sub.1c] values ( RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Cross-sectional study of 12,533 participants without diabetes aged RESULTS--Hb[A.sub.1c] values ranged from 3.2 to 15.7%, and 84 participants [...]

OBJECTIVE--Our objective was to examine the associations between concentrations of vitamin D and concentrations of insulin, glucose, and [HbA.sub.1c] in a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the U.S. RESEARCH [...]

OBJECTIVE--To compare the use of GHb and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to define the metabolic syndrome (MetS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [...]