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Cel pracySyntetyczne katynony (znane również jako "sole do kąpieli") to nowe substancje psychoaktywne wprowadzone na rynek globalny w ciągu ostatnich 10 lat jako zamienniki nielegalnej amfetaminy. Ze względu na łatwą dostępność szybko stały się popularne. Celem pracy było określenie związku stosowania syntetycznych katynonów z objawami depresyjnymi i zachowaniami ustnymi wśród użytkowników rekreacyjnych.MetodaUżytkownicy forów internetowych związanych z narkotykami zostali poproszeni o wypełnienie ankiety za pośrednictwem platformy Google Forms. Kwestionariusz zawierał pytania dotyczące schematów używania środków psychoaktywnych, Inwentarz Depresji Becka II (BDI II) oraz Kwestionariusz Zachowań Ustnych (OBC) oraz podstawowe dane demograficzne (wiek, płeć).Wyniki150 uczestników (75 w grupie badanej, 75 w grupie kontrolnej) wzięło udział w badaniu. W grupie badanej (w wieku od 15 do 28 lat) wszyscy uczestnicy korzystali z katynonów i innych substancji psychoaktywnych. 42 respondentów korzystało z katynonów w ciągu ostatniego miesiąca. Analiza statystyczna wykazała korelację między liczbą zażywanych substancji psychoaktywnych i poziomem depresji w obu grupach (badanej i kontrolnej), a także statystycznie istotnie wyższą średnią wartościąwyników OBC w grupie użytkowników katynonów w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Korelacja między depresją a OBC była statystycznie istotna zarówno dla grupy badanej, jak i kontrolnej.WnioskiBiorąc pod uwagę łatwy dostęp do syntetycznych katynonów, częste zatrucia i młody wiek użytkowników tego badania, temat powinien zostać szerzej przebadany. Substancje psychoaktywne mogą predysponować do rozwoju depresji i różnych form parafunkcyjnych zachowań ustnych. more...

Background: In late December 2019, a new pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection began to spread around the world. The new situation gave rise to severe health threats, economic uncertainty, and social isolation, causing potential deleterious effects on people&rsquo, s physical and mental health. These effects are capable of influencing oral and maxillofacial conditions, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism, which could further aggravate the orofacial pain. Two concomitant studies aimed to evaluate the effect of the current pandemic on the possible prevalence and worsening of TMD and bruxism symptoms among subjects selected from two culturally different countries: Israel and Poland. Materials and Methods: Studies were conducted as cross-sectional online surveys using similar anonymous questionnaires during the lockdown practiced in both countries. The authors obtained 700 complete responses from Israel and 1092 from Poland. In the first step, data concerning TMDs and bruxism were compared between the two countries. In the second step, univariate analyses (Chi2) were performed to investigate the effects of anxiety, depression, and personal concerns of the Coronavirus pandemic, on the symptoms of TMD, and bruxism symptoms and their possible aggravation. Finally, multivariate analyses (logistic regression models) were carried out to identify the study variables that had a predictive value on TMD, bruxism, and symptom aggravation in the two countries. Results: The results showed that the Coronavirus pandemic has caused significant adverse effects on the psychoemotional status of both Israeli and Polish populations, resulting in the intensification of their bruxism and TMD symptoms. Conclusions: The aggravation of the psychoemotional status caused by the Coronavirus pandemic can result in bruxism and TMD symptoms intensification and thus lead to increased orofacial pain. more...

Guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) is a widely used procedure in contemporary dentistry. To achieve the required results of tissue regeneration, soft tissues that reproduce quickly are separated from the slow-growing bone tissue by membranes. Many types of membranes are currently in use, but none of them fulfil all of the desired features. To address this issue, further research on developing new membranes with better separation characteristics, such as membrane modification, is needed. Many of the current innovative modified materials are still in the phase of in vitro and experimental studies. A collective review on new trends in membrane modification to GTR/GBR is needed due to the widespread use of polymeric membranes and the constant development in the field of dentistry. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present an overview of polymeric membrane modifications to the GTR/GBR reported in the literature. The authors searched databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and OVID, for relevant studies that were published during 1999–2019. The following keywords were used: guided tissue regeneration, membranes, coating, and modification. A total of 17 papers were included in this review. Furthermore, the articles were divided into three groups that were based on the type of membrane modification: antibiotic coating, ion-use modifications, and others modifications, thus providing an overview of current existing knowledge in the field and encouraging further research. The results of included studies on modified barrier membranes seem to be promising, both in terms of safety and benefits for patients. However, modifications result in a large spectrum of effects. Further clinical studies are needed on a large group of patients to clearly confirm the effects that were observed in animal and in vitro studies. more...

Background The reduction of dental and alveolar undercuts on plaster models is an important issue in the process of planning partial and complete prostheses. In recent years, new materials such as methacrylate resins that can be used to reduce undercuts have emerged. Their great advantage is high temperature insensitivity and relatively high ease of use. Objectives The study aimed at determining the factors that affect the shear bond strength, and which material can be better used at the laboratory stage of preparing the plaster model to facilitate the denture bearing area and reduce the traumatizing impact of the prosthesis. Material and methods In the study, 2 composite materials Block-Out Gel LC (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and LC Block-Out Resin (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, USA) were used for tests on the Tewerock and Stodent plaster. Specimens consisted of 20 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm plaster blocks as a base, and composite cylinders of 3 mm diameter and 5 mm height, attached to the blocks. The base of the sample was combined with a composite cylinder in the Individo Light Box halogen lamp (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany). A total of 120 samples were studied. The shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed using the Hounsfield H5KS model HTE S/N D83281 fitted with a 5.000-N head using a cutting knife speed of 5 mm/ min. Results LC Block-Out Resin and Block-Out Gel LC materials deposited on class III plaster and polymerized at temperatures of up to 100°C had the best SBS (5.59 MPa and 4.0 MPa, respectively). Samples made of LC Block-Out Resin and class IV plaster showed no statistically significant differences between all the groups. Additional polymerization under 2.4 bar was the most effective in improving SBS among Block-Out Gel LC and class IV plaster samples. Conclusions The results of the studies show that both the plaster type and the polymerization process have a significant effect on the SBS of light-cured methacrylate material to plaster. more...

Background.Addition silicones are popular as dental impression materials and are used in bite registration procedures.Objective.This study aimed to compare the postsetting elasticities and other mechanical properties of thirteen addition silicone interocclusal recording materials.Materials and Methods.The following materials were investigated: Colorbite D, Futar D, Genie Bite, Jet Blue Bite fast, Memoreg 2, O-Bite, Occlufast Rock, Omni-Bite Plus, Regidur i, Registrado X-tra, Regofix transparent, StoneBite, and Variotime Bite. Thirty specimens of each material were tested. The elasticities and strengths of the materials were measured with a universal testing machine, and computer software was used to determine theE-moduli, ultimate tensile strengths, and ultimate elongations of the specimens.Results.The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p≤0.05). The statistics revealed that the meanE-modulus values varied significantly across the materials (p=0.000) and were highest for the StoneBite and Registrado X-tra and lowest for the Regofix transparent. The ultimate tensile strengths were highest for the Regofix transparent and Registrado X-tra (p=0.000) and lowest for the Jet Blue Bite fast and Memoreg 2 (p=0.000). The elongation percentages at the point of breaking varied significantly across the materials (p=0.000); the lowest value was observed for the StoneBite, whereas the Regofix transparent nearly doubled original length.Conclusions.The authors concluded that materials with the highE-moduli and great ultimate tensile strengths may be most useful clinically. Registrado X-tra and StoneBite best met these criteria. more...

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunctions, as well as their correlation with psychoemotional factors in Polish university students. The research was conducted in a group of 456 students (N=456). The examination form comprised of two parts: survey and clinical examination. The research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) was used in order to assess TMD. Symptoms of TMD were observed in 246 (54%) students after clinical examination. The largest group involved students with disc displacement (women: 132, 29%; men: 70, 15%). Women (164; 36%) suffered more frequently than men (82; 18%) from problems related to the stomatognathic system (P<0.05), described themselves as easily excitable and emotionally burdened, and reported symptoms as tightness of the facial and neck muscles (P<0.05). In 289 (64%) students intraoral symptoms concerning occlusal parafunctions were observed. In 404 (89%) examined students, nonocclusal parafunctions were recorded. A significant correlation between TMD and psychoemotional problems could be detected. TMD symptoms more often concern women. Emotional burden and excitability are factors predisposing muscular disorders. more...

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the amount of exhaled carbon monoxide which can be an indicator of the phenomenon of tobacco smoking among youngsters in a group of students of Wroclaw’s universities. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 347 students living in dormitories of four Wroclaw universities: Wroclaw Medical University, University of Wroclaw, University of Physical Education and Technical University. Every tested student underwent a measurement of quantities of exhaled carbon monoxide by a Micro Medical Smoke Check device. Every participant took part in an anonymous survey, which was divided into three parts (for smokers/non-smokers/ex-smokers) and included exposure to tobacco smoke, length of time smoking etc. Results: No difference in the amount of exhaled CO between students of particular universities was observed. The Smoke Check measurements are higher in actively smoking students compared to nonsmokers. The results are higher in students declaring passive smoking compared with those not exposed to tobacco smoke at all. No difference in level of CO between genders and particular age groups was observed. Conclusions: Despite higher health awareness, students of the Medical University and University of Physical Education reach for cigarettes as often as the other tested students. Male students smoke as often as female students and CO result was not dependent on age. more...