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We present a generic algorithm for numbering and then efficiently iterating over the data values attached to an extruded mesh. An extruded mesh is formed by replicating an existing mesh, assumed to be unstructured, to form layers of prismatic cells. Applications of extruded meshes include, but are not limited to, the representation of 3D high aspect ratio domains employed by geophysical finite element simulations. These meshes are structured in the extruded direction. The algorithm presented here exploits this structure to avoid the performance penalty traditionally associated with unstructured meshes. We evaluate the implementation of this algorithm in the Firedrake finite element system on a range of low compute intensity operations which constitute worst cases for data layout performance exploration. The experiments show that having structure along the extruded direction enables the cost of the indirect data accesses to be amortized after 10-20 layers as long as the underlying mesh is well-ordered. We characterise the resulting spatial and temporal reuse in a representative set of both continuous-Galerkin and discontinuous-Galerkin discretisations. On meshes with realistic numbers of layers the performance achieved is between 70% and 90% of a theoretical hardware-specific limit., Bibliography fixes, 23 pages

Visual understanding of 3-D environments in real time, at low power, is a huge computational challenge. Often referred to as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), it is central to applications spanning domestic and industrial robotics, autonomous vehicles, and virtual and augmented reality. This paper describes the results of a major research effort to assemble the algorithms, architectures, tools, and systems software needed to enable delivery of SLAM, by supporting applications specialists in selecting and configuring the appropriate algorithm and the appropriate hardware, and compilation pathway, to meet their performance, accuracy, and energy consumption goals. The major contributions we present are: 1) tools and methodology for systematic quantitative evaluation of SLAM algorithms; 2) automated, machine-learning-guided exploration of the algorithmic and implementation design space with respect to multiple objectives; 3) end-to-end simulation tools to enable optimization of heterogeneous, accelerated architectures for the specific algorithmic requirements of the various SLAM algorithmic approaches; and 4) tools for delivering, where appropriate, accelerated, adaptive SLAM solutions in a managed, JIT-compiled, adaptive runtime context.

Objective: The present study aimed at exploring the prevalence of Internet Addiction (IA) amongst a group of high-school students living in Southern Italy. Method: 560 hundred students of both sexes of a “Liceo Classico” who volenteered for the study were included. They completed a smaller version of a specific questionnaire for IA developed by us. Results: 500, out of the total of 560 questionnaires that were returned, were correctly completed and could be analyzed. The main findings were that almost all students used the smartphone to access Internet. About 16% of them used it for a time ranging between 90 and 120 minutes a day, and the remaining less than one hour. The most used applications were Facebook and Whatsup. Fifty percent of the students owned a videogame console, and dedicated less than two hours a day on videogames. The ensuing data were presented to the students and a debate was promoted amongst them. Conclusions: Internet and related technology are now part of the everyday life especially of adolescents. The benefits and limits of them should be underlined. On the same time, an incresead awareness on the possibility of developing an excessive use until a real addiction should be promoted amongst younger generations.

EGU General Assembly 2011, 3-8 Abril 2011, Viena (Austria)

Background: Glutamine and proline are metabolized the liver and may collaborate on its regeneration. Parenteral nutrition (PN) containing either glutamine or proline was given to partially hepatectomized rats. The total RNA content and growth factor gene expression in hepatic remnants was measured, to determine the effects of these amino acid supplementation on the expression ofgrowth factors during liver regeneration. Methods: Wistar rats nourished (HN) and malnourished (HM) were hepatectomized and divided in two groups: 20 receiving PN enriched with Alanyl-Glutamine (HN-Gln and HM-Gln) and 20 PN enriched with proline+alanine (HN-Pro and HM-Pro). The control groups comprised 7 nourished (CN) and 7 malnourished (CM) rats that didn't undergo surgery. Growth factor and thymidine kinase mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Results: In nourished rats, total hepatic RNA levels were lower in the HN-Gln and HN-Pro groups (0.75 and 0.63 μg/mg tissue, respectively) than in control group (1.67 μg/mg tissue) (P < 0.05). In malnourished rats, total hepatic RNA content was higher in the HM-Pro group than HN-Pro, HM-Gln, and CM (3.18 vs. 0.63, 0.93 and 1.10 μg/mg, respectively; P < 0.05). Hepatocyte growth factor mRNA was more abundant in the HM-Gln group when compared to CM (0.31 vs. 0.23 arbitrary units) and also in HM-Pro in relation to HM-Gln, HN-Pro, and CM(0.46 vs. 0.33 and 0.23, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Proline or glutamine supplementation in malnourished rats improves total RNA content in the remnant hepatic tissue. Amino acids administration increased HGF gene expression after partial hepatectomy in malnourished rats, with a greater effect of proline than glutamine. Introducción: La glutamina y la prolina de metabolizan en el hígado y pueden contribuir a la regeneración de este. Se administró nutrición parenteral con glutamina o prolina a ratas sometidas a hepatectomía parcial. Se midieron el contenido de ARN total así como la expresión genética del factor de crecimiento en el tejido hepático remanente, con el objetivo de determinar los efectos que provocaban estos aminoácidos en la expresión genética de factores de crecimiento durante el proceso de regeneración del hígado. Métodos: ratas macho Wistar nutridas (HN) y desnutridas (HM) se sometieron a hepatectomía parcial y se dividieron en dos grupos: 20 recibieron nutrición parenteral enriquecida con Alanil-Glutamina (HN-Gln y HM-Gln) y 20 nutrición parenteral enriquecida con prolina+alanina (HNPro y HM-Pro). Los grupos de control estaban formados por 7 ratas nutridas (CN) y 7 desnutridas (CM) que no se sometieron a la cirugía. Los niveles de factor de crecimiento y timidina quinasa mRNA se midieron por RT-PCR. Resultados: En las ratas nutridas, lo niveles de ARN hepático total fueron inferiores en los grupos que recibieron HNGln y HN-Pro (0,75 y 0,63 mg/mg tejido, respectivamente) que en el grupo control (1,67 mg/mg tejido) (P < 0,05). En las ratas desnutridas, el contenido total de ARN hepático fue superior en el grupo que recibió HM-Pro que el que recibió HN-Pro, HM-Gln y CM (3,18 vs 0,63, 0,93 y 1,10 mg/mg, respectivamente; P < 0,05). El mRNA del factor de crecimiento de hepatocitos fue más abundante en el grupo que recibió HM-Gln con respecto a CM (0,31 vs 0,23 unidades arbitrarias), así como en HM-Pro con relación a HM-Gln, HN-Pro y CM (0,46 vs 0,33 y 0,23, respectivamente, P < 0,05). Discusión: La suplementación de prolina o glutamina en ratas macho desnutridas mejora el contenido total de ARN en el tejido hepático remanente. Al administrarse aminoácidos aumentó la expresión genética del HGF tras someter las ratas desnutridas a una hepatectomía parcial, obteniéndose un resultado mejor con prolina que con glutamina.

Background: Glutamine and proline are metabolized the liver and may collaborate on its regeneration. Parenteral nutrition (PN) containing either glutamine or proline was given to partially hepatectomized rats. The total RNA content and growth factor gene expression in hepatic remnants was measured, to determine the effects of these amino acid supplementation on the expression ofgrowth factors during liver regeneration. Methods: Wistar rats nourished (HN) and malnourished (HM) were hepatectomized and divided in two groups: 20 receiving PN enriched with Alanyl-Glutamine (HN-Gln and HM-Gln) and 20 PN enriched with proline+alanine (HN-Pro and HM-Pro). The control groups comprised 7 nourished (CN) and 7 malnourished (CM) rats that didn't undergo surgery. Growth factor and thymidine kinase mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Results: In nourished rats, total hepatic RNA levels were lower in the HN-Gln and HN-Pro groups (0.75 and 0.63 μg/mg tissue, respectively) than in control group (1.67 μg/mg tissue) (P < 0.05). In malnourished rats, total hepatic RNA content was higher in the HM-Pro group than HN-Pro, HM-Gln, and CM (3.18 vs. 0.63, 0.93 and 1.10 μg/mg, respectively; P < 0.05). Hepatocyte growth factor mRNA was more abundant in the HM-Gln group when compared to CM (0.31 vs. 0.23 arbitrary units) and also in HM-Pro in relation to HM-Gln, HN-Pro, and CM(0.46 vs. 0.33 and 0.23, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Proline or glutamine supplementation in malnourished rats improves total RNA content in the remnant hepatic tissue. Amino acids administration increased HGF gene expression after partial hepatectomy in malnourished rats, with a greater effect of proline than glutamine.

Actually the infectious diseases are a predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in limited resource countries and, of course, not unimportant in industrialized countries where the social phenomena of immigration and increased internal and international mobility of people may facilitate the reemergence of infectious diseases considered overcome. It is becoming more and more important to consider the actual role of assistance of people for infectious diseases: a careful consideration needing of concretes example for becoming medical practices and social languages appropriates to the local context and useful for promoting more efficacious cares and prevention of infectious diseases.

A disaster both natural and man made is managed in time according to separate phases that respond to specific requirements and needs. In the late and post emergency phases problems of public health are priority and in particular the identification and containment of epidemic clusters. Epidemiological surveillance is the main instrument used and in this paper it is analysed both in theory and in its application in the Italian Red Cross mission in Sri Lanka devastated by the 2004 Tsunami.

The authors illustrate the frequent applications of the modern science of graphology after having evoked its birth and development. Regarding the relationship between major catastrophes and graphology they specify that the latter is useful both in the definition of the personality profiles of the staff that is sent on relief missions and in evaluating the reactions of the victims in order to simplify the work of psychologists.

A multicentre prospective survey on the use of artificial nutrition (AN) and its complications has been carried out on 1657 hospitalised patients including 7.8% in surgical departments, 7.1% in medical departments and 59.9% in intensive care units. Gastrointestinal diseases and cancer were the most frequent pathologies among patients requiring AN. Parenteral nutrition (PN) alone was employed in 1103 (66.5%) patients. In 267 (16.1%) PN was associated with enteral nutrition (EN). 287 (17.3%) patients were fed by the enteral route alone. The average daily energy intake was 35 kcal/kg for central PN, 26 kcal/kg for peripheral PN and 33 kcal/kg for EN. The mean daily nitrogen intake was 0.19 g/kg for central PN, 0.17 g/kg for peripheral PN and 0.20 g/kg for EN. In 10% of patients PN was electrolyte free and in only 50% all the main electrolytes were added. Trace elements were added in 48% of formulations, mainly as multiple combination. Insulin was added in 61% of PN patients, while albumin was given with PN in 20% of patients. Adverse reactions were observed in 10.9% of PN patients and in 11.5% of EN patients. The most frequent complications occurring in parenterally fed patients were infections of the central venous catheter and metabolic alterations (severe electrolyte abnormalities, liver or renal dysfunction, hypo or persistent hyperglycemia). In enterally fed patients the frequent complications were abdominal distension, cramps and diarrhoea. Adverse reactions were responsible for discontinuation of AN in 2.2% of parenterally supported patients and in 5.7% of enterally fed patients.

p.47–75 Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2012-01-25T12:38:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0301926800000814-main.pdf: 2921220 bytes, checksum: 0e8fcaccfe604dd99b8008aabeeed8f8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-25T12:38:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0301926800000814-main.pdf: 2921220 bytes, checksum: 0e8fcaccfe604dd99b8008aabeeed8f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 During the Transamazonian cycle (2.090.2 Ga), two silica-saturated alkaline granite suites were intruded along the border of the Sa˜o Francisco craton, northeastern Brazil. The Couro de Onça intrusive suite (COIS) is late tectonic relative to major deformational events, and the Serra do Meio suite (SMS) postdates this event, being interpreted as anorogenic type, deformed during the Brasiliano cycle (0.65–0.52 Ga). The COIS encompasses alkali-feldspar granites, syenogranites, monzogranites, with dykes of similar composition and age (2.15795 Ma). They are metaluminous rocks of alkaline affinity, whose evolution was probably controlled by mineral fractionation processes involving mainly plagioclase, amphibole, and Fe–Ti oxide. The SMS, whose probable age is 2.01 Ga, is composed of metaluminous and peralkaline granites, with associated quartz syenites, with Ti-aegirine transformed during the Brasiliano deformation to riebeckite titanite aenigmatite. The temperatures of two stages of metamorphic transformation, overprinted during the Brasiliano event, are estimated at about 550 and 400–450°C. Both magmatic suites are derived from enriched mantle sources. The metaluminous and peralkaline trends observed in the SMS, characterized by high concentrations of HFS and RE elements controlled mainly by F-activity, reflect the evolution of different primary magmas produced by successive melting of the same mantle sources, in an anorogenic setting.

Texto completo. Acesso restrito. p. 661–683 Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-07-23T17:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 33333333333.pdf: 964163 bytes, checksum: 09f72cd24bc736e4c284b4d2b3d1ee0b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles (rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-11-01T11:53:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 33333333333.pdf: 964163 bytes, checksum: 09f72cd24bc736e4c284b4d2b3d1ee0b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-01T11:53:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 33333333333.pdf: 964163 bytes, checksum: 09f72cd24bc736e4c284b4d2b3d1ee0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 The Neoproterozoic of northeastern Brazil was marked by the development of collisional fold belts, mainly surrounding the Sa˜o Francisco Craton, and an associated widespread granitic magmatism. The Casa Nova 555 ^ 10 Ma; Sri 0:7068 and Engrac¸adinha syenites and granites, intrusive in the Riacho do Pontal Fold Belt, are related to the late stages of this collisional event. Melanocratic syenites, probably generated by magmatic-flow cumulate processes, and mesocratic and leucocratic syenites, representing magmatic liquids, are associated with granites, pegmatites, and syenite–granite dykes. Homogeneous or perthitic alkali feldspar, quartz, aegirine–augite, diopside, titanite, apatite, magnesian biotite, winchite–richterite, and magnetite are the dominant mineral phases. It is suggested that these magmas belong to an ultrapotassic silica-saturated alkaline series, defined on the basis of its alkaline, silica-saturated character and by a K2O/Na2O ratio of .3.0 — that is, intermediate. Major- and trace-element evolution is consistent with mineral fractionation processes, controlled by magmatic flow, and dominated by apatite–titanite–pyroxene in the less differentiated terms and by alkali feldspar in the more evolved. The source of primary magmas is a previously subduction-metasomatised mantle, probably with anomalous enrichment in LREE and LILE elements. Barite– ilmenite mineralisations are related to the more differentiated Engrac¸adinha granites. Salvador

International audience; Seventy four Reference Sites of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) have been recognised by the European Commission in 2016 for their commitment to excellence in investing and scaling up innovative solutions for active and healthy ageing. The Reference Site Collaborative Network (RSCN) brings together the EIP on AHA Reference Sites awarded by the European Commission, and Candidate Reference Sites into a single forum. The overarching goals are to promote cooperation, share and transfer good practice and solutions in the development and scaling up of health and care strategies, policies and service delivery models, while at the same time supporting the action groups in their work. The RSCN aspires to be recognized by the EU Commission as the principal forum and authority representing all EIP on AHA Reference Sites. The RSCN will contribute to achieve the goals of the EIP on AHA by improving health and care outcomes for citizens across Europe, and the development of sustainable economic growth and the creation of jobs.

Both medical doctors and humanitarian operators engaged in health relief or development missions abroad, are called to respect the general principles of international law, that is to say, customary law that is legally compulsory for the International Community and rules deriving from Treaties and International Conventions. Humanitarian operators have to observe also the rules and regulations of the hosting country. They have to respect all rules applying to their humanitarian action and they have to take responsibility towards beneficiaries and donors alike.

Risk perception is due to a subjective evaluation of reality and depends on a number of factors such as: individual coherence and flexibility, the set of social values and rules that contributed to the definition of the individuals' interior world - this does not always make proper risk perception possible. Even though the way common people set-up their own judgment is based on their own interpretation tracks, surely different from expert criteria, we cannot label their approach as irrational. Over time, through an evolutionary process, people have decided what is safe and what is dangerous; this personal awareness was not based on the science but on experiences, images, feelings and emotions. Most of the time, neither social nor economical conditions can prevent people to feel an epidemic risk in the same way as it was felt during the plague of 1350. Most of the time, after a disaster, victims experience a regression so, for example, even if it is known that corpses do not always cause infections, after the tsunami disaster, most of the bodies were quickly cremated by scared survivors; this made the identification and burial of the victims impossible.

Recent studies show how in the 2004-2005 period there has been an increase in natural disasters of 18% worldwide. According to a renowned author planning for disaster response is as valid as the starting hypothesis. The study of an inductive mental process in disaster response planning is the key to avoiding the invention and re-invention of the wheel for each emergency. Research in this field however is hampered by different factors one of which is data collection that during disaster response requires specific training. Standardization of data collection models with limitation of the number of variables is required as is taking into account problems related to people migration and subsequent sampling problems and retrospective analysis. Moreover poor attention to the training of the volunteers employed on the field is an issue to be considered.

Facing the numerous humanitarian emergencies that upset the international balances, the International Organisations (IO) who intervene are: the Agencies of the United Nations (UN), the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) and NGOs. In the sector of international health cooperation, the World Health Organization (WHO) has elaborated a document, the International Health Regulations (IHR), that regulates the health workers' activity during a health emergency. In this paper different International Organizations employed in international humanitarian crisis are described.