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Objectives: The purpose is to study how the perception of home training has changed through data comparison before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, to find out the changes in people’s perception of home training, which has become a new sports culture, to provide basic data and to suggest directions on how research using big data can be used in the sports field.Methods: In order to compare before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, text mining analysis was conducted by setting keywords as home training in Naver and Daum by setting from February 1, 2020 to November 30, 2020, when the first COVID-19 confirmed patient in Korea came out, and from February 1, 2019, to November 30, 2019.Results: As a result of CONCOR analysis between words related to home training, a total of 16 clusters were formed, eight each, including smart home training, YouTube, and health programs before COVID-19, and eight each, including smart home training, YouTube, and home training exercise equipment and types.Conclusions: This study can be used as a tool to understand the market status, trends, and directions of interest by grasping the public’s perception and status of home training.

Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits of ultrasonography performed by a surgeon rather than a radiologist.Subjects and Method This retrospective study enrolled 122 cases of ultrasonography performed by a head and neck surgeon and 116 cases of the same examination performed by a radiologist before surgery. The time intervals between the first visit and surgery were compared in both groups.Results The average waiting time for surgery after the first hospital visit was significantly reduced when a surgeon performed the ultrasound examination. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in sampling inadequacy rate on thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) between FNA performed by a head and neck surgeon and a radiologist.Conclusion Surgeons can utilize ultrasound as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in an office-based setting. For patients, diagnosis and treatment provided by a single doctor will lead to more efficient outcomes.

Benign cartilaginous tumors, known as chondrogenic tumors, show cartilage components in the microscopic diagnosis. We present two clinical cases with cartilaginous tumors of the toes showing distinctive clinical manifestations. Two juvenile patients visited our outpatient clinic due to tumors with toenail deformities. A 10-year-old girl presented with a palpable mass with a nail deformity on the left third toe. The initial pathology report was soft tissue chondroma until complete resection. Another 15-year-old male patient visited the dermatology department with a toenail deformity and underwent a punch biopsy. The pathology report was fibrosis with myxoid degeneration. Excisional biopsies were performed for both patients. In the operative field, we observed exophytic tumors connected to the distal phalangeal bones. The final pathology reports were subungual osteochondroma on both patients. The specimen exhibited mature bone trabeculae with a focal cartilaginous cap. Benign cartilaginous tumors have a slow, progressive course and do not show significant symptoms. However, tumors in subungual areas are accompanied by toenail deformities and they can cause pain. Their clinical characteristics lead to a delayed diagnosis. Surgeons can be confused between soft tissue and chondrogenic tumors. When they conduct physical examinations, these categories should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Recapitulating inherent heterogeneity and complex microarchitectures within confined print volumes for developing implantable constructs that could maintain their structure in vivo has remained challenging. Here, we present a combinational multimaterial and embedded bioprinting approach to fabricate complex tissue constructs that can be implanted postprinting and retain their three-dimensional (3D) shape in vivo. The microfluidics-based single nozzle printhead with computer-controlled pneumatic pressure valves enables laminar flow-based voxelation of up to seven individual bioinks with rapid switching between various bioinks that can solve alignment issues generated during switching multiple nozzles. To improve the spatial organization of various bioinks, printing fidelity with the z-direction, and printing speed, self-healing and biodegradable colloidal gels as support baths are introduced to build complex geometries. Furthermore, the colloidal gels provide suitable microenvironments like native extracellular matrices (ECMs) for achieving cell growths and fast host cell invasion via interconnected microporous networks in vitro and in vivo. Multicompartment microfibers (i.e., solid, core-shell, or donut shape), composed of two different bioink fractions with various lengths or their intravolume space filled by two, four, and six bioink fractions, are successfully printed in the ECM-like support bath. We also print various acellular complex geometries such as pyramids, spirals, and perfusable branched/linear vessels. Successful fabrication of vascularized liver and skeletal muscle tissue constructs show albumin secretion and bundled muscle mimic fibers, respectively. The interconnected microporous networks of colloidal gels result in maintaining printed complex geometries while enabling rapid cell infiltration, in vivo.

The choice of implant used for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may have an impact on clinical outcomes. Clinical outcomes after TKA with gradually reducing radius implants (group G) vs single-radius implants (group S) were evaluated among Asian patients. This study included 541 patients (754 knees) in group G and 187 patients (275 knees) in group S. Range of motion (ROM), flexion contracture, American Knee Society Knee and American Knee Society Function scores (KSKS and KSFS, respectively), and mechanical and anatomic tibiofemoral angles (MTFA and ATFA, respectively) were evaluated with electronic medical records. In univariate analysis, improvements in ROM, KSKS, and KSFS were significantly better in group G compared with group S at 1-year follow-up. Multivariable analyses showed greater ROM (4.52°, P =.002), decreased flexion contracture (−2.80°, P =.011), and improved KSKS (15.57, P Orthopedics . 2022;45(6):367–372.]

The human facial skeleton consists of multiple segments and causes difficulty during analytic processes. We developed image analysis software to quantify the amount of injury and validate the smooth curvature of the surface after facial bone reduction surgery. Three-dimensional computed tomography images of facial bone were obtained from 40 patients who had undergone open reduction surgery to treat unilateral zygomaticomaxillary fractures. Analytic software was developed based on the discrete curvature of a triangular mesh model. The discrete curvature values were compared before and after surgery using two regions of interest. For the inferior orbital rim, the weighted average of curvature changed from 0.543 ± 0.034 to 0.458 ± 0.042. For the anterior maxilla, the weighted average of curvature changed from 0.596 ± 0.02 to 0.481 ± 0.031, showing a significant decrement (P P

Background and Objectives Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second common thyroid cancer which comprises about 10% of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a relatively rare disease that has been classified as a subtype of FTC. However, there have been insufficient reports about these two similar thyroid cancers in South Korea due to low incidences. This study aims to present clinical features and evaluate prognostic factors of FTC and HCC.Subjects and Method We reviewed data of 189 FTC and 12 HCC patients who underwent surgery in our center from January 2000 to December 2020. Variables such as clinical characteristics, surgical method, pathologic result, post-operative treatment, survival rate and prognostic factors were included in our study.Results As for age, 67.2% of patients in FTC group and 33.3% of patients in HCC group were older than 55 years-old (p=0.017). The average tumor sizes of FTC and HCC were 2.98 and 3.1 cm, respectively. The 10-year overall survival rates of FTC and HCC were 96.5% and 100%, respectively. The 10-year disease free survival rates of FTC and HCC were 89.1% and 91.7%, respectively. Subclassification (widely invasive: p=0.036) and initial distant metastasis (p

Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder is a rare disease characterized by a single mass on the face or upper part of the trunk. It usually presents an asymptomatic and favorable progression, and its histopathologic findings include small and medium-sized lymphoid cells. The authors report a case of primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder on the forehead. A 51-year-old man presented with a protruding mass on his forehead that the patient had noted 1 month previously. Surgical excision and a permanent biopsy were performed under local anesthesia. Based on the biopsy results, the mass was diagnosed as a primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. There was no evidence of recurrence at a 15-month follow-up visit.

OBJECTIVES The present study is aimed at observing the physiological response imagery running with an avatar in 3D virtual reality (VR) and to explore the differences in physiological responses between imagery running with and without an avatar in 3D VR.METHODS We randomly assigned 32 healthy adults to either a group with Avatar (n = 19) or a group without (n = 13). The group with avatar performed imagery exercise with an avatar in 3D VR and the group without Avatar performed it without an avatar in 3D VR. Both groups were instructed to mentally imagine performing running in VR without executing actual physical movements. We recorded electro-physiological data before, during, and after the 20-min intervention. We also measured the participants’ level of presence and intensity of experienced cybersickness.RESULTS In the group with Avatar, all physiological responses increased from the resting to the intervention period. The group with Avatar also showed a higher level of presence and fewer cybersickness symptoms than the group without Avatar.CONCLUSIONS The results suggest imagery running with an avatar in 3D VR might be effective as an alternative exercise.

Background We sought to determine (1) the success rate of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) for acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee in patients with acute postsurgical infection and in those with acute hematogenous infection via a multicenter study, (2) the factors related to the failure of DAIR for overall acute PJI and acute hematogenous PJI via subgroup analysis, and (3) whether the PJI recurrence patterns differed between the two groups over time after DAIR. Methods This retrospective multicenter study included 101 acute knee PJI. Acute postsurgical PJI was defined as PJI diagnosed Results The overall success rate of DAIR was 77%. The success rate tended to be higher in the postsurgical group than in the hematogenous group (p = 0.060). However, there was no significant factor related to DAIR failure in the subgroup analysis of acute hematogenous PJIs. In the postsurgical group, the recurrence of PJI occurred until 3 months, whereas in the hematogenous group, recurrence occurred for up to 2 years. Conclusions The failure rate tended to be higher in the acute hematogenous PJI group than in the acute postsurgical PJI group. Since acute hematogenous infections may recur for a longer period than postsurgical infections, careful follow-up is required after DAIR.

The human facial skeleton consists of multiple segments, and causes difficulty during analytic processes. We developed image analysis software to quantify the amount of injury and validate the smooth curvature of the surface after facial bone reduction surgery. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images of facial bone were obtained from 40 patients who had undergone open reduction surgery to treat unilateral zygomaticomaxillary fractures. Analytic software was developed based on the discrete curvature of a triangular mesh model. The discrete curvature values were compared before and after surgery using two landmarks. For the inferior orbital rim, the weighted average of curvature changed from 0.543±0.034 to 0.458±0.042. For the anterior maxilla, the weighted average of curvature changed from 0.596±0.02 to 0.481±0.031, showing a significant decrement (PP

Background This study investigated whether achieving a higher degree of knee flexion after TKA promoted the ability to perform high-flexion activities, as well as patient satisfaction and quality of life. Methods Clinical data on 912 consecutive primary TKA cases involving a single high-flexion posterior stabilized fixed-bearing prosthesis were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including knee flexion angle, the ability to perform high-flexion activities, and patient satisfaction and quality of life. Results Of the cases, 619 (68%) achieved > 130° of knee flexion after TKA (high flexion group). Knee flexion angle and clinical scores showed significant annual changes, with the maximum improvement seen at 5 years and slight deterioration observed at 10 years postoperatively. In the high flexion group, more than 50% of the patients could not kneel or squat, and 35% could not stand up from on the floor. Multivariate analysis revealed that > 130° of knee flexion, the ability to perform high-flexion activities (sitting cross-legged and standing up from the floor), male gender, and bilateral TKA were significantly associated with patient satisfaction after TKA, while the ability to perform high-flexion activities (sitting cross-legged and standing up from the floor), male gender, and bilateral TKA were significantly associated with patient quality of life after TKA. Conclusions High knee flexion angle (> 130°) after TKA increased the ease of high-flexion activities and patient satisfaction. The ease of high-flexion activities also increased quality of life after TKA in our Asian patients, who frequently engage in these activities in daily life.

The posterior tibial slope (PTS) is usually adjusted by less than 5 degrees, without considering its individual difference, during posterior cruciate-substituting (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The effect of these individual changes of PTS would be important because clinical results depending on postoperative PTS were reported conflictingly. We investigated the effect of the change in PTS on the postoperative range of motion (ROM) and clinical scores after PS TKA. We retrospectively reviewed 164 knees from 107 patients who underwent PS TKA with a 2-year follow-up. We analyzed the preoperative and postoperative PTS, ROM, visual analog scale pain scale, Western Ontario and McMaster University Index (WOMAC), Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score, Knee Society Score, and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS). The association of the absolute change in PTS with ROM and clinical scores was analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. As a result, the mean PTS and mean ROM changed from 9.6 ± 3.4 and 120.1 ± 15.4 degrees preoperatively to 2.0 ± 1.3 and 128.4 ± 9.3 degrees postoperatively, and the mean PTS change was 7.6 ± 3.5 degrees. The PTS change had no statistically significant association with the postoperative ROM and clinical scoring systems, although it did have a weak positive correlation with WOMAC function, No 10 (difficulty in rising from sitting) (correlation coefficient = 0.342, p = 0.041), and moderate positive correlation with the FJS, No. 6 (awareness when climbing stairs) (correlation coefficient = 0.470, p = 0.001). The authors concluded that the amount of change in PTS did not affect the postoperative ROM and clinical scores, although proximal tibial resection with a constant target of PTS resulted in individually different changes in the PTS after PS TKA

Several environmental and genetic factors affect the isoflavone and anthocyanin contents in soybeans. This study aimed to assess the influences of cotyledon color and harvest period on the contents of five major isoflavones and three major anthocyanins in 323 black soybean landraces grown in Korea. In all the soybeans, malonylgenistin, malonyldaidzin and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the foremost components. The total isoflavone (TIC) and total anthocyanin (TAC) contents were in the ranges of 491.29-1998.39 μg/g and 452.60-2789.37 mg/100 g on dry weight basis, respectively. Both the average TIC and TAC were higher in green cotyledon soybeans (1493.93 μg/g and 1656.05 mg/100 g, respectively) than in yellow cotyledon soybeans (1423.09 μg/g and 1489.30 mg/100 g, respectively). With respect to the harvest period, the average TIC was in the order of Late-October (1517.31 μg/g) > Mid-October (1454.54 μg/g) > Early-October (1340.95 μg/g). Moreover, the average TAC decreased in the order of Late-October (1765.76 mg/100 g) > Mid-October (1503.93 mg/100 g) > Early-October (1350.91 mg/100 g). In general, cotyledon color appeared to cause a significant variation on TAC (P 1800 μg/g) and TAC (> 2000 mg/100 g) in their seeds and hence, could be considered as important sources of dietary isoflavones and anthocyanins. Besides, they possibly provide a wide spectrum of options if considered during the development of improved soybean genotypes.

Background: Many wound assessment systems including the Wagner classification and University of Texas (UT) grading system have been previously described. The authors of this study applied the DIRECT (Debridement of necrosis, Infection control, Revascularization, Exudate control, Chronicity, and Top surface) wound coding system for initial assessment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) to predict limb salvage and prognosis.Methods: From January 2016 to February 2020, a total of 169 first-time DFU patients were retrospectively evaluated using the DIRECT wound coding assessment system. DFUs were followed up for at least 6 months, and scores in each component of the coding system according to final limb status were statistically evaluated. The coding assessment’s ability to predict major amputation was compared to those of the Wagner classification and the UT grading system.Results: Subjects were divided into complete healing (n=80, 47.3%), not healed (n=71, 42%), and amputation (n=18, 10.7%) groups. The mean values of each component of DIRECT assessment for the complete healing/amputation groups were D 0.86/1.56 (PConclusion: The DIRECT coding system shows a greater association with prediction of amputation or complete healing, compared with the Wagner and UT wound classification systems. This more accurate wound assessment system will be helpful in predicting prognosis and planning treatments.

Background and Objectives: Non-linear frequency compression (NLFC) technology compresses and shifts higher frequencies into a lower frequency area that has better residual hearing. Because consonants are uttered in the high-frequency area, NLFC could provide better speech understanding. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of NLFC technology on the perception of speech and music in patients with high-frequency hearing loss.Subjects and Methods: Twelve participants with high-frequency hearing loss were tested in a counter-balanced order, and had two weeks of daily experience with NLFC set on/off prior to testing. Performance was repeatedly evaluated with consonant tests in quiet and noise environments, speech perception in noise, music perception and acceptableness of sound quality rating tasks. Additionally, two questionnaires (the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit and the Korean version of the International Outcome Inventory-Hearing Aids) were administered.Results: Consonant and speech perception improved with hearing aids (NLFC on/off conditions), but there was no significant difference between NLFC on and off states. Music perception performances revealed no notable difference among unaided and NLFC on and off states. The benefits and satisfaction ratings between NLFC on and off conditions were also not significantly different, based on questionnaires, however great individual variability preferences were noted.Conclusions: Speech perception as well as music perception both in quiet and noise environments was similar between NLFC on and off states, indicating that real world benefits from NLFC technology may be limited in Korean adult hearing aid users.

Background Hand fractures can be treated using various operative or nonoperative methods. When an operative technique utilizing fixation is performed, early postoperative mobilization has been advocated. We implemented a protocol involving controlled active exercise in the early postoperative period and analyzed the outcomes. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with proximal phalangeal or metacarpal fractures of the second to fifth digits were included (n=37). Minimally invasive open reduction and internal fixation procedures were performed. At 3 weeks postoperatively, controlled active exercise was initiated, with stress applied against the direction of axial loading. The exercise involved pain-free active traction in three positions (supination, neutral, and pronation) between 3 and 5 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative radiographs and range of motion (ROM) in the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints were analyzed. Results Significant improvements in ROM were found between 6 and 12 weeks for both proximal phalangeal and metacarpal fractures (P Conclusions Minimally invasive open reduction and internal fixation minimized periosteal and peritendinous dissection in hand fractures. Controlled active exercise utilizing pain-free active traction in three different positions resulted in early functional exercise with an acceptable ROM.

Sarcopenia, an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is correlated with adverse outcomes after some surgeries. Here, we present a deep-learning-based model for automatic muscle segmentation and quantification of full-leg plain radiographs. We illustrated the potential of the model to predict sarcopenia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A U-Net-based deep learning model for automatic muscle segmentation was developed, trained and validated on the plain radiographs of 227 healthy volunteers. The radiographs of 403 patients scheduled for primary TKA were reviewed to test the developed model and explore its potential to predict sarcopenia. The proposed deep learning model achieved mean IoU values of 0.959 (95% CI 0.959–0.960) and 0.926 (95% CI 0.920–0.931) in the training set and test set, respectively. The fivefold AUC value of the sarcopenia classification model was 0.988 (95% CI 0.986–0.989). Of seven key predictors included in the model, the predicted muscle volume (PMV) was the most important of these features in the decision process. In the preoperative clinical setting, wherein laboratory tests and radiographic imaging are available, the proposed deep-learning-based model can be used to screen for sarcopenia in patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing TKA with high sarcopenia screening performance.

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the following three analgesic methods after Total knee arthroplasty (TKA): intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA), continuous adductor canal block (C-ACB), and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia combined with single shot adductor canal block (PCA + sACB). Methods Records of 482 patients undergoing primary TKA from September 2019 to September 2020 were analyzed. Patients were divided into three pain control groups: IV-PCA (n = 180), C-ACB (n = 173) and PCA + sACB (n = 129). Single shot adductor canal block was performed 24 h after surgery in the PCA + sACB group. Rescue opioid consumption, breakthrough pain, pain numerical rating scale (NRS), and anti-emetics administration were measured from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD 5. Results Rescue opioid consumption was less in C-ACB or PCA + sACB group than in the IV-PCA group at POD1 (p p = 0.002, respectively). Patients in C-ACB and PCA + sACB groups had less breakthrough pain (NRS > 5) than the IV-PCA group at POD1 (p = 0.007). On POD2, C-ACB was statistically superior to IV-PCA (p = 0.011) in terms of breakthrough pain. Postoperative pain NRS was lower in the C-ACB and PCA + sACB groups than in the IV-PCA group (p = 0.025 and p = 0.019, respectively). The total number of anti-emetics consumption was lower in C-ACB and PCA + sACB groups than in the IV-PCA group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion PCA + sACB not only reduced patients’ need for rescue opioids, but also decreased the number of breakthrough pain and anti-emetics compared to IV-PCA in early postoperative days after TKA. However, C-ACB and PCA + sACB did not differ significantly in analgesic efficacy or opioid-related side effects. PCA + sACB can be as effective as C-ACB for patients undergoing TKA. Level of evidence Retrospective cohort study, level III.

Meniscus horizontal tears are usually degenerative. It could be asymptomatic and unrelated to knee symptoms. Therefore, there are controversies regarding treatment choices. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that affect the results of non-surgical and surgical treatments for meniscus horizontal tears. We retrospectively studied 159 patients with meniscus horizontal tears with a minimum 2-year follow-up period. Patients were treated non-surgically or arthroscopically. The treatment results were dichotomized into success and failure. The factors considered were age, sex, joint line tenderness, mechanical symptoms, widest tear gap width on sagittal MRI, cartilage lesion grade, discoid meniscus, tear site, and joint alignment. Joint alignment and cartilage lesion grade were the factors that significantly influenced non-surgical treatment results. The widest tear gap width and cartilage lesion grade significantly affected arthroscopic surgery results. The mechanical symptoms did not show any significant relationship with either treatment result. In treating patients with meniscus horizontal tears, patients with varus alignment and advanced cartilage lesions should be informed of possible poor outcomes with non-surgical treatment. If the patient has a wide tear gap or minimal cartilage lesion, arthroscopic surgery would be a good treatment choice. The mechanical symptom was not an adequate factor for arthroscopic surgery.

Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a relatively rare disease, which comprises about 3% of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. HCC is considered to have more aggressive clinical behavior compared with other differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, there has been no consensus about clinical behavior and optimal treatment of HCC because of insufficient reports. Moreover, owing to geographical characteristics, HCC is rarer in Korea than in western countries. Based on 2017 World Health Organization classification, HCC is newly classified as an individual group, not as a subtype of follicular thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, we report data of 12 HCC patients who underwent surgery in our center from January 2000 to May 2020 with a review of the literature.

Seed weight is regulated by several genes which in turn could affect the metabolite contents, yield, and quality of soybean seeds. Due to these, seed weight is receiving much attention in soybean breeding. In this study, seeds of 24 black soybean varieties and a reference genotype were grown in Korea, and grouped as small ( 24 g) seeds based on their seed weight. The contents of six anthocyanins, twelve isoflavones, and total phenolic, and the antioxidant activities were determined, and the association of each with seed weight was analyzed. The total anthocyanin (TAC) and total isoflavone (TIC) contents were in the ranges of 189.461–2633.454 mg/100 g and 2.110–5.777 mg/g, respectively and were significantly different among the black soybean varieties. By comparison, the average TAC and TIC were the highest in large seeds than in small and medium seeds while the total phenolic content (TPC) was in the order of small seeds > large seeds > medium seeds. Besides, large seeds showed the maximum 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, whereas small seeds showed the maximum ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS) scavenging activities. FRAP activity was positively associated with TIC and TAC, the former association being significant. On the other hand, ABTS and DPPH activities were positively correlated to TPC, the later association being significant. Overall, our findings demonstrated the influence of seed weight on anthocyanin, isoflavone, and phenolic contents and antioxidant activities in black soybeans. Besides, the dominant anthocyanins and isoflavones were the principal contributors to the variations observed in the black soybean varieties, and hence, these components could be selectively targeted to discriminate a large population of black soybean genetic resources.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune inflammatory myopathy with some cutaneous manifestations. We present the case of a patient with a bone-depth skin ulceration on the elbow that was well healed with a transposition flap using a dorsal interosseous artery perforator. A 56-year-old man reported difficulties when climbing stairs and diffuse pain of unclear origin throughout his body that started 2 months previously. The patient was diagnosed with DM, and the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery was consulted for the management of an ulcerative skin lesion on the left elbow. The dorsal interosseous artery was first detected by vascular Doppler ultrasonography, and a transposition flap was designed including the pedicle. The flap was transposed to cover the bone exposure over the olecranon. At 4 weeks postoperatively, complete healing of the wound was observed without complications, and the patient had full range of motion of the elbow without pain. Despite major developments in the medical treatment of DM, ulcerative cutaneous lesions remain difficult to treat. Our experience suggests that the use of a transposition flap including the dorsal interosseous artery is suitable for the treatment of ulcerative lesions around the elbow in DM patients.

Ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration biopsy is commonly used to detect thyroid cancer. However, thyroid ultrasonography is prone to subjective interpretations and interobserver variabilities. The objective of this study was to develop a thyroid nodule classification system for ultrasonography using convolutional neural networks. Transverse and longitudinal ultrasonographic thyroid images of 762 patients were used to create a deep learning model. After surgical biopsy, 325 cases were confirmed to be benign and 437 cases were confirmed to be papillary thyroid carcinoma. Image annotation marks were removed, and missing regions were recovered using neighboring parenchyme. To reduce overfitting of the deep learning model, we applied data augmentation, global average pooling. And 4-fold cross-validation was performed to detect overfitting. We employed a transfer learning method with the pretrained deep learning model VGG16. The average area under the curve of the model was 0.916, and its specificity and sensitivity were 0.70 and 0.92, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 0.90 and 0.75, respectively. We introduced a new fine-tuned deep learning model for classifying thyroid nodules in ultrasonography. We expect that this model will help physicians diagnose thyroid nodules with ultrasonography.

Venous ulcers, ischemic wounds and skin lesions from autoimmune diseases are some examples of unhealing wounds. Practitioners treating such wounds should consider the possibility of skin metastasis of neoplasms, especially in patients with cancer. Treatment of cutaneous metastasis in cancer must include both surgical resection and chemotherapy. Here we present a patient who had lung cancer with skin metastasis. Though incidence of metastasis from lung cancer is known to be as low as 1% to 12%, its prognosis is poor. Also, the clinical features of these skin lesions tend to vary, often resulting in them being misdiagnosed as benign lesions. The diagnosis of malignancy for this particular case was delayed. After the metastatic lesion was diagnosed as such, surgical resection was performed and the defect caused by wide excision was covered by a superior gluteal artery perforator flap. Though the patient was administered an anticancer drug, the wound healed well after the operation.

Buckwheat is an important grain crop known for its nutritional value and content of bioactive compounds, particularly rutin. In this study, we characterized diverseFagopyrum esculentumMoench germplasm for the diversity of agro-morphological characteristics and the rutin and quercetin content in seeds under the spring cultivation. Of the 251 germplasm accessions assessed, 193 had red stems, 182 had a pale brown seed coat color, and 238 had ovate seeds. The times taken to reach 50% flowering and 80% maturity ranged from 38–45 to 73–95 days, respectively. The 1000-seed weight (TSW) varied from 21 to 42 g. Overall, the content of rutin and quercetin ranged from 7.22–47.86 to 0–1.22 mg/100 g DW, respectively. The number of days to flowering and maturity showed negative correlations with TSW and rutin and quercetin content. However, we found that at 73–80 days after sowing, early-maturing germplasm had significantly higher mean rutin content than either intermediate-or late-maturing germplasm. The TSW weight showed a positive correlation with the content of rutin and quercetin. We identified promising accessions based early maturity (

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness of demographic data and radiographic measurements for predicting the diameter and length of autologous semitendinosus (ST) and gracilis (GR) graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four cases were included to measure the size of 3 or 4 strands of ST and GR tendons retrospectively. The hamstring length on radiograph was defined as the length from the lowest point of ischial tuberosity to intercondylar notch of the femur. The linear and logistic regression analysis was used to assess the roles of the predictor variables, as demographic and radiologic data, in the outcome variables, as diameter of tendon grafts. The cross-validation with hold-out samples and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were also calculated. RESULTS: The hamstring and leg length measurement and gender were associated with the diameter of 4-stranded ST tendon graft. The hamstring length measurement, age and BMI were the factors associated with the diameter of 3-stranded ST tendon graft. The hamstring length measurement was found as a common factor for predicting diameters of hamstring tendon with reliable predictability. Moreover, the equation of multivariate regression analysis for the diameter of 4-stranded ST tendon graft showed the most validated power of prediction. All of the cross-validated R(2) values were calculated as similar results of multivariate model, but CCC between the measured diameter and estimated value on the predictive equation showed moderate agreement only (CCC = 0.694). CONCLUSIONS: Combining radiographic length measurements with demographic data showed reliable prediction in identifying the risk of inappropriate graft diameters. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV retrospective cohort study.

Finger millet is a high nutritious cereal compared to maize, wheat, rice and sorghum and adaptable to different abiotic and biotic stresses. Understanding the molecular basis of unique traits of finger millets, is key in harnessing its potential as a nutritional security crop among other important aspects. In this study some accession from Africa and Asia were used to research the genetic diversity and population structure of finger millet using EST-SSR Markers. Twenty four accessions of finger millet were tested for polymorphism and highly polymorphic bands were generated in 27 EST markers. A total of 46 alleles were amplified and ranged from 2 to 3 with average of 1.703 per primer pair. The observed heterozygosity value of EST-SSR markers (mean = 0.004) was from 0 to 0.125 and the range of expected heterozygosity value was from 0.16 to 0.582 (mean=0.233). The range of PIC values were from 0.077 to 0.477 and the average PIC value was 0.273.The genetic relationship was divided into three major groups, with accessions from Africa showing a high level of polymorphism and unique population structure compared to Asian ones. These results echos the need for strategic continued colaborative breeding and other crop research programmes between Africa and Asia. The results from futher molecular evaluation will serve as important information for better and efficient management of genetic resources of finger millet for; conservation, crop improvement and intellectual property protection rights purposes.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a leading cause of disability among elderly adults, and it causes pain and discomfort and limits the functional independence of such adults. The aim of this study was the development of an automated classification model for KOA, based on the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system, using radiographic imaging and gait analysis data. Gait features highly associated with the radiological severity of KOA identified from our previous study, in addition to radiographic image features extracted from a deep learning network, namely, Inception-ResNet-v2, were exploited using a support vector machine for KOA multi-classification. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve from KL Grades 0-4 were 0.93, 0.82, 0.83, 0.88, and 0.97, respectively. The sensitivity, precision, and F1-score of the model were 0.70, 0.76, and 0.71, respectively. The proposed model outperformed a common deep learning approach that is based on using only radiographic images as the input data. This result indicates that gait data and radiographic images are complementary with respect to KOA classification, and the use of both data can improve the accuracy of the automated diagnosis of multiclass KOA.

Background Sarcopenia, an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is correlated with adverse outcomes after some surgeries. This study examined the characteristics of sarcopenic patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and identified low muscle mass as an independent risk factor for postoperative TKA complications. Methods A retrospective cohort study examined 452 patients who underwent TKA. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was obtained via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), along with demographics, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and medication, laboratory and operative data for 2018–2021. Patients were categorized into normal (n = 417) and sarcopenic (n = 35) groups using the SMI cut-off suggested by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (males, 2; females, 2). Three postoperative complications were analysed: blood transfusion, delirium, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Baseline characteristics were propensity score-matched to address potential bias and confounding factors. Results The proportion of sarcopenic patients in primary TKA was 7.7% (35/452). The sarcopenic group had a lower preoperative haemoglobin (12.18 ± 1.20 vs. 13.04 ± 1.73 g/dL, p = 0.004) and total protein (6.73 ± 0.42 vs. 7.06 ± 0.44 mg/dL, p = 0.001). Propensity scoring matching and logistic regression showed that more patients in the sarcopenic group received postoperative blood transfusions (OR = 6.60, 95% CI: 1.57–45.5, p = 0.021); there was no significant difference in AKI or delirium. Univariate receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the propensity-matched group, to determine the predictive value of SMI for postoperative transfusion, gave an AUC of 0.797 (0.633–0.96) and SMI cut-off of 5.6 kg/m2. Conclusions Low muscle mass determined by BIA was an independent risk factor for postoperative transfusion in TKA. Multifrequency BIA can serve as a screening tool for sarcopenia that may influence the orthopaedic decision-making process or treatment planning in patients with sarcopenia undergoing primary TKA. Level of evidence III, retrospective cohort study.