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Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the genus Candida. It is otherwise called moniliasis, thrush, and candidosis. Candida albicans is the most one to cause an infection in humans and other species such as Candida auris, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, C. parapsilosis, and Candida lusitaniae. It is categorized into oral candidiasis, invasive candidiasis, vulvovaginal, and genital candidiasis. In general, Candida yeasts are present in the human body and their growth is limited by the human immune system. When an imbalance, colonization of Candida occurs finally leads to an infection. It is mainly affected in immune compromised patients followed by risk factors such as diabetes, stem cell transplantation, organ transplantation, and prolonged use of antibiotics, and steroids. It can be diagnosed to overcome this infection by direct examination of smear, culture, and biopsy. Fluconazole is the first line drug to treat candidiasis and Amphotericin-B, Caspofungin, Voriconazole also used.

Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive infection caused by Zygomycosis in the order of Mucorales. It is mainly affected in immunocompromised individuals followed by risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, stem cell transplantation, organ transplantation, hematological malignancy, and more intake of steroids. Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis, pulmonary mucormycosis, cutaneous mucormycosis, gastrointestinal mucormycosis, and disseminated mucormycosis are the most common types. Moreover, it can be diagnosed to overcome this infection using the following methods such as histopathology cultures, computed axial tomography, and resonance imaging. Moreover, it can be treated with amphotericin B, the first-line drug, and posaconazole and isavuconazole are also used. The in vitro studies reveal the antifungal drugs which show the best activity against mucormycosis. The main aim of this review shows the detailed study of mucormycosis and the outcome of this infection.

Breast cancer is a major health concern as it is the second leading cause of death from cancer. There are several well-known risk factors that contribute to breast cancer. Despite the various treatment options available, complete cure is still difficult due to heterogenicity of BC subtypes. As a result, identifying BC subtypes is critical for determining the optimal treatment approach. Over the last several years, new drugs targeting particular therapeutic targets have resulted in significant advances in the treatment of breast cancer. Nonetheless, resistance to treatment is the “major” issue, and a significant increase in survival rates has been the main focus for researchers. The purpose of this review article is to provide a broad overview of the molecular basis of drug resistance in breast cancer, as well as a detailed assessment of current treatment options, potential new treatment methods for drug-resistant breast cancer and repurposed drugs used for treatment. The possibility of non-cancer drugs being studied for breast cancer in the future, as well as the obstacles and bottlenecks of drug repurposing, is also highlighted. Finally, we go through present problems and future prospects in drug-resistant breast cancer therapy.

In the present work, novel 3-(4-(5-(substituted phenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)phenylimino)-1-(substitutedmethyl)indolin-2-one derivatives were obtained via the reaction of 4-(1-(substituted methyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino) benzohydrazide with appropriate aromatic chalcone. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their in silico chemokine/CXCR6 inhibitory activity. The most effective chemokine inhibitors were also evaluated for their in vivo antiinflammatory activity. The 3-(4-(5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) phenylimino)-1-(morpholino methyl) indolin-2-one (5a) derivative showed significant chemokine inhibition with eleven amino acid interaction as compared with standard Acetaminophen whereas Celecoxib, Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Aspirin showed less amino acid interaction. Based on the theoretical study reports the in vivo antiinflammatory activity was performed for the 3-(4-(5-(substituted phenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)phenylimino)-1-(substitutedmethyl)indolin-2-one (5a-5l). The observed results of in vivo study indicate that the compounds 5a, 5c exhibited significant antiinflammatory activity.

Purpose: Eucalyptol is a colourless liquid and occurs as natural organic compound being used in food preparations. This study aims to summarize the literature reporting on the pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacological activities, its safety profile and limits of eucalyptol to be used in the food preparations. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE to identify relevant literature published. Methodologies used in pharmacological and toxicological studies of Eucalyptol are being reviewed comprehensively. The pharmacokinetics, safety profile and pharmacological profile are being summarised. Conclusion: Eucalyptol is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adding in food preparation to enhance the odour and taste. Many nutraceuticals, cakes, creams and other eatables are flavoured with eucalyptol in most countries of the world. Developing and under developed countries have to take the measures to ensure the level of eucalyptol being used in the food preparations as it has toxic effect too.