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This decade, we have tried the group-therapeutic-practice at Nagoya University Psychological Clinic with the mentally handicapped children who had no psychological care with their mothers. For this period we have worked with 41 children and 50 therapists. In this study, we examine the significance of our group-therapeutic-practice for these ten years and the direction of our group-therapeutic-practic through the questionnaire survey of their mothers and therapists for the future. Subjects are all these mothers and therapists except those who we couldn't contact with. The questionnaires were sent by mail to the subjects and after being answered they were sent back by mail. We received 32 answers from mothers and 40 answers from therapists. The results are as follows. I The results of the survey for mothers. a) The effects of joinning our group. Most of mothers feel that the life-spaces of their children have extended through the group-therapeutic-practice and that they could obtain the security and the feeling of solidarity one another. b) The effects on their lives after the group-therapeutic-practice. 28 mothers feel that the group-therapeutic-practice had good effects on their lives after the group-therapeutic-practice. c) The effects of joinning our group on siblings of their handicapped children. Most of mothers feel that the siblings of their handicapped children have become more acceptable for handicaps. II The results of the survey for therapists. a) The significance of our group for the handicapped children whom the therapists took charge of. 34 therapists find that the group-therapeutic-practice was effective for the handicapped children. 6 other therapists feel that the group-therapeutic-practice was not expected effectiveness for the handicapped children for the severity of their handicaps or the frequency of their absence. b) The significance of our group for the therapists themselves. It was the first experience as clinical practice for most of the therapists to work for our group as a therapist. Therefore all of the therapists find that joinning the group-therapeutic-practice and the handicapped children made themselves grow. c) The significance of our group on their lives after the group-therapeutic-practice. All of the therapists find that working for our group as a therapist was effective for their lives after the group-therapeutic-practice. 36 therapists of them continue the clinical practice with handicapped children since then. For the directions of our group for future are as follows. 1) The clarification of the relations between concrete methods and the significance of our group-therapeutic-practice. 2) The establishment of educational system for the growth as a therapist. 3) The consolidation of the solidarity between mothers and therapists after the group-therapeutic-practice. 4) The facilitation of the clinical practice connected with community., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Recently we have suggested that there were remarkably different response modes in Rorschach technique between the schizophrenics and the cyclothymics. That is, we could formulate that a way of response of the schizophrenics was in what should be named "fragmentary-embarrassing perception mode", in contrast, that of cyclothymics was in "physiognomic-unifying perception mode". In this study, we would verify this formulation by statistical investigation. It is, however, not only analysis of traditional scoring categories, but also investigation of total Rorschach behavior including so called "response attitude", "thinking process" and "communicating style". Then, we five psychologists estimated independently every subject's Rorschach protocol to which mode categorize. Thus, we would try to get light on our assumption. Subjects were 30 schizophrenics and 30 cyclothymics. Selecting these subjects, we applied most strict diagnostic criterion which was consisted of "basic being structure", "way of aging process", "premorbid character" and "attack situation", not only syndrome. The findings on reliability as a coefficient of agreement among five estimators were as follows. (1) 26 subjects were made agreement of all 5 estimators. (2) 22 subjects were made agreement of 4 estimators. (3) 7 subjects were made agreement of 3 estimators. (4) Remaining 5 subjects were made no agreement. Another findings on validity among estimators were as follows. (1) 25 cases were the shizophrenics in 27 subjects who were estimated as "fragmentary-enbarrassing perception mode". (2) 23 cases were the cyclothymics in 24 subjects who were estimated as "physiognomic-unifying perception mode". (3) Although we could not categorize 9 subjects, there were a few contrary estimation. From these findings, it should be said that our assumption were to be supported by many cases. We believe there is very significant meaning for psychothrapeutic practice to identify anthropological type of disease structure in Rorschach technique., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

The unity of family as a whole is especially important for the families with handicapped children. And we assumed three types of such unity through therapeutic practices. In this report we examined three cases of typical families of each type. I) A family that is united around the handicapped child himself. This type of family is united for the reasons as follows. The members of such a family think that the handicapped child is essential for them. They even have sense of gratitude toward him. And they have strong belief which produces such feelings. II) A family that is united around the mother who takes care of the handicapped child. It's easy for this type to be united if the mother is independent and takes the leadership of the family. III) A family that is united, being balanced by the existance of his normal brother and sister. The father and mother of this type of family don't have such strong belief that they should accept and support the handicapped child, and are encouraged to live by the existance of the brother or sister of the handicapped child. The family dynamics is united as, what is called, a "normal" family. These results propose us a theme that we should get some views to correspond to each type of families sophisticatedly hereafter., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

We have been concerned with group-therapeutic practice for purpose of developmental facilitation of these multiple-handicapped children from a clinical-psychological point of view for more than a decade. These children have been so far approached by nerophysiological method, such as Bobath's method, Vojta's and Mysak's. On the other hand, we have taken an approach which deal with their total daily life, and tried to come in truly human contact with them. Our basic principles are as follows. (1) We supposed the human beings as three dimensional beings; that is, body, mind and soul. (2) We searched for not only overt behavioral communication with them but both affectional contact with them and reception of unconscious message from them by their physiological reaction. (3) We tried to understand their bodily reaction in the context of their total daily life. Then, we put the followings into practice. (1) We, basically, have kept in our mind to form their circadian rythm (mainly sleep and awakening). (2) We went on our practice with the principle of treating mother and child separately. (3) Our practice consisted of both familliar routine activity and strange one. (4) We formed yearly living rythm by holding seasonally traditional ceremony, and then we, both therapists and children, experienced seasonal natural life. (5) We tried to communicate them with every daily activity. (6) We tried to communicate them through their total daily life. (7) Our practical purpose were not to find their overt behavioral change, but to support them in order to enjoy their lives. With these points of view, we reported several case studies., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

In these 7 years, we have continued the group therapeutic practice with 30 mentally handicapped children aged 2-12 years old. Through the experiences we found that almost all these children have some difficulties to participate into the group plays. In this paper, we attempt to discuss the behavioral patterns of their difficulties, and to explain their experiences in our group situations. Then the following 4 types are identified, and discussed about the way how to facilitate their development as a whole. A) Maternal separation anxiety type : In the case of this type, it is important to make the situation where the child can feel safety and can depend upon a perticular therapist. B) Self-assertion type : When the child rejects the group plays actively, it is considered to assert himself in that behavior. In this case, each therapist will have to understand his appeals and accept his feelings. C) Hypersensitive type : In the case that the child is too sensitive to stand in any group situations, the therapist need to have an empathic understanding and to have an intensive relationship actively. Some of these children, we thought, are inadequate to the group therapeutic practices. D) Indifferent type : In the case of the child who is indifferent to all the outer world, it is neccesary for the therapist to shake awake actively and accept him intensively in order to develop his concerning to the world patiently., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

In this study, we examine, through an annual group therapeutic practice, the relation between the development of five severely multiple-handicapped children and internal progress of the therapists. The age of the children ranged three to five. Some of them had visual handicaps, epilepsy, and were crippled. All of them had severe mental retardation. Our practice was held for three hours once a week. Each of the therapists was in charge of one of the five children, but our practice put stress on the relationship between the children's group and therapists' group. Through the practice, the five therapists responsible for the five children came to be convinced that the children had been undoubtedly developping. We consider the main factors of our confidence as following; 1) The therapists tried to see the children without any expectations or any frames of references as possible. 2) The therapists sometimes observed the children objectively, at the same time gathered the informations of their conditions at home. 3) Some children obviously accomplished the developmental tasks which the therapists had aimed at. 4) Though some children showed little changes, the therapists became able to notice the potentialities of the children. The children are surely the subjects of development, however slower and less the processes of their development are than those of normal children. Their development is absolutely meaningful to them. The relationship of a therapist with a child deepens when he notices the child's development. In the practice with severely multiple-handicapped children, we dare say, it is the essentially important task for therapists to notice even the smallest development of the children., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

17 years have passed since we began to do our therapeutic practice with severely multiple-handicapped children. During this period, more than 60 children and their parents, and almost the same number of therapists, have participated in and left our therapeutic group. At the present time, the children range from 3 years-preschool children to 20 years-adolescents who already finished their compulsory education. Therapists now become various professions such as professional researchers at Universities, teachers at junior and senior high schools, welfare workers at facilities for handicapped persons, clinical psychologists at consultation offices for children and at mental hospitals, general office workers, and house wives etc. We have widely investigated with questionnaire, in September 1987,concerning "What is now needed for the developmental assistance to handicapped children?". Participants in the survey were those parents and therapists. We also held the symposium-on the theme of "Seeking for the future of the therapeutic practice with mentally handicapped children", which theme was developed from the survey. We should look over our practice from a broad perspective, not from a narrow perspective, such as "How do we treat those children?". Indeed, we should discuss the way of our practice in consideration on present social circumstances and the life cycles of children, parents and therapists. The results show that the direction of our practice so far is basically supported. We can confirm following points from discussion : i) The fundamental principal of the practice is to continue as long as possible. That supports both parents' and therapists' mental health. ii) To make a whole family, including fathers and brothers, the target of the practice has greater meanings than we expected. The family becomes stable and closely united after father has taken part in the practice group. iii) In future, we must help parents to develop themselves so that they can persist the meaning and the right of their children's lives. It remains that our task is to continue assisting handicapped children and their parents to have positive attitude toward their lives., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

We have tried the group therapeutic practice toward 5 children who are the severely mentally retarded and/or autistic children, and whose age is ranged from 3 to 10years old for this year. We aimed, in this report, firstly to clarify the individual development for the mentally retarded which is to be facilitated through the mutual contact in those group, secondary to look for the group forming process for them which is also developing as a group itself. 1) In this practice, we assumed the process in which those children have grown and developed through the mutual relation experience in this group. It has following five stages, I. Isolation stage II. Establishing mutual relationship stage III. Group oriented stage IV. Group forming stage V. Group growth stage To be brief, from the state of entirely isolation, those children participated into the group on the basis of the establishing mutual relationship, and showed growth and development by the group dynamics all the more. 2) Furthermore, when we regard the group as a whole, there we can look for the progressing process in the group itself; It has five periods, I. Segregated period II. Group-conscious period III. Group oriented period IV. Regressive and re-segregated period V. Expectation to group growth period, 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

One of the most important purpose our group theraputic practice is to enhance the cohesiveness of the families with severely multiple handicapped children and stabilize their family dynamics. During the processes healthy younger siblings often play an important part. Such a case could be seen in a type of a family that is united, being balanced by the existance of his healthy brother and sister, which was reported last year. In this report we would like to examine the implication of the birth of such healthy younger siblings for the unity of the families by following their developmental processes. The subject seven families are thought to have decided to have another children, whose age are now betwen nine months and twelve years old. We investigated the seven families by questionnaire and interview. And as a result following were suggested. (1) When the family dynamics are to some extent stabilized around the handicapped children, parents are often inclined to have another children. (2) Both parents are eager to activate the atmosphere of their family by having another children. (3) As for the mothers, they tend to identity their maternity by having another children. (4) As for the healthy younger siblings, they enhance their acceptance toward their handicapped siblings when their parents have the atitude not to cast the burder of rearing of the handicapped siblings on them., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

In these several years, we have continued the group therapeutic practice for the mentally handicapped children in the early stage. The group camp with the children is a link in a chain of this practice. This paper aims to discuss the meaning and the effect of the camps, which we have had twice this year. Through the discussions about 5 case reports, we can confirm the following findings. 1) There were different meanings and effects on each child in each camp, but in common these experiences were so exciting that all of the children were consequently shaked awake. 2) It was difficult for each tharapist to make a closer relationship with the child in these situations. 3) Though the experience of the camp differ from the daily therapeutic practice, it must be based on this daily practice for us to obtain the meaningful effect., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

A family with a severely multiple-handicapped child should be treated rather as an integrated family than as a pair of mother and child. From this view-point we talked with the five pairs of parents who participated in our group-therapeutic practice, and examined each case. The fathers became motivated by the development of their children and the changes of their wives through this group-therapeutic practice and actively attended our practices. The following five steps to facilitate fathers' attendance have been found: (1) letting them to know growth of children, mental security of mothers, and repairment of their interactions, (2) orientating them to our practices, (3) giving them chances of attending our practices, (4) discussing our practice with them and enhancing their motivation for participation, (5) making chances of associating with each family. The following three factors are presumed as the approach to the fathers. (1) Self-awareness of the father role. (2) Deeping their knowledge of role. (3) A chance to change their family dynamics. It seems that the fathers have become conscious of their existence as the father with a handicapped child through the association with other families and the contacts with the therapists. It also seems that the father's changes may have guaranteed their wives more mental security, too. We came to the conclusion that fathers' participation activates and stabilizes their marital relationship and family dynamics, centering their handicapped children., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Inviting non-handicapped children to group-therapeutic practices where their severely multiple-handicapped siblings are focus is a useful approach for them. Based on this assumption, this study examines developmental tasks for non-handicapped sibilings in order for us to establish clear directions to give developmental supports to them. We also assume that their developmental tasks should be different from those of children with healthy brothers and sisters. This study proposes a four-stage model of developmental tasks for children living with handicapped siblings. (1) A stage for constructing the basis of self image (0 through 1.5 years old); the children are not yet aware of the presence of their severely multiple-handicapped siblings. Lack of sufficient maternal care may make it difficult for them to feel mother's affection. (2) A stage for establishing independent self image (1.5 through 3 years old); they begin to be aware of the presence of their severely multiple-handicapped siblings. It becames necessary fot them to perceive selves different from their handicapped brothers and sisters. (3) A stage for differentiating selves from others and recognizing evaluations from other (3 through 6 years old); they notice the situation in which they live with severely multiple-handicapped siblings and try to adapt themselves to the situation. The task for them is to control the feelings toward their handicapped sibilings. (4) A stage for paying attention to' groups outside the family, and acquiring chumship (school age); it is necessary for them to understand and to accept their own situations that they were born to have severely multiple-handicapped siblings., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the group-psychotherapeutic approach for the chronic psychiatric patients in the night care hospital. In the previous paper, we reported the results of the group-psychotherapy (the 1st term of GPT) which were carried out in 1972. Having based on this reseach, we tried the 2nd and the 3rd terms of the group-psychotherapeutic approach to facilitate the rehabilitation. After a year of the final GPT session, we examined the prognosis of 69 patients who took part in the approach during all the sessions. According to the characteristics of their prognosis, the patients were divided into the following four groups. A) The rehabilitated group (27.5%); Members of this group have been willing to go back to the actual social life and comparatively do well there. B) The relapse-after-rehabilitation group (17.4%) : Most of this group members had to enter the hospital again within a year because of the relapse of psychotic symptoms. C) The stable-in-hospital group (40.6%) : In spite of 3 terms of GPT approach, many patients of this group showed few remarkable changes in their prognosis. The characteristics of this group are the following two points. One is that the members were given such long-term medical treatment as 6 years and a half in average, the other is that their hard circumstances, for instance economicallybad conditions of their families, prevented them from rehabilitating. D) The relapse group (14.5%) : The patients of this group moved out to the other ward as a result of sudden change for worse. There is a significant meaning in our approach for the chronically psychotic patients, because it let some of the patients leave the hospital and adjust well to the actual social life. These results showed us whether a patient who can go back to the daily social life or not depends not only on the patient's self-actualizing ability, but also on the zeal of a clinical therapist himself. Though there will be some exceptions, the more earnest a therapist is to encourage his patient and to fight against the general prejudice for the psychotics, the stronger the patient's volition for rehabilitation is expected to be. In the next step of approach, we should search for some new projects on the bases of this expectation, and make enduring efforts to actualize them., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Last year, we visited the Kobato Hospital in the Aichi Prefectural Colony, as we had visited annually, and had extremely valuable experiences to contact with the severely physically handicapped who had not so suffered from intellectual disorder. We were able to have a chance to talk with a few cases among them, but needless to say, their verbal expression was not so fluent to put their thought into words owing to their speech difficulty. Nevertheless, their strong desire to learn several social problems or their sensitivity to worry about some interpersonal affairs produced a profound impression on our hearts. When some of us unexpectedly experienced to encounter some accidents which differed from their daily lives, we were especially touched by the dignity and the worth of the human life which showed for the severely physically handicapped how to live in face of such a difficult situation. In this paper there are only two reports which show the experiences of some of us which they got through the intensive contact with the severely physically handicapped by the means of verbal communication in our customary seminar in the Aichi Prefectural Colony. But, this is the very our attempt to clarify the worth of life for the severely physically and mentally handicapped from the standpoint of a humanistic approach, 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

What is the structure of early developmental process of the therapist participating in the group therapeutic practice with severely multiple handicapped children? In this report, from the following three aspects we examine the internal processes of experiences of three young therapists who participated with the handicapped for the first time. 1) ideated aspect; a depth of the understanding of therapeutic ideas. 2) technical aspect; a degree of having technical skills. 3) theoretical aspect; an extent of the understanding about the level and profile of the development. These three aspects are entangled with one another like a strand inside of each therapist. The following process is considered as a typical one. At first, the therapist understand the therapeutic ideas in the intellectual level. And then, it is not so long before he is particular about the acquirement of the therapeutic skills. But because of the braking down in that condition, he has a new understanding about the ideas. Consequently he can understand the child in the more internal and individuated level, and the therapeutic skills are refined by checking his practice with his new understanding the child. In this point, the theory plays the role for the integration between the ideas and the skills., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

We report here the annual change of five mothers who have severely multiple-handicapped children. When the mothers participated in our group practice for the first time, they had ambivalent feelings of anxiety and hope. They wondered what would be done for their children. Because of their extremely heavy handicaps, the children had not been offered any therapeutic or educational helps before. We arranged group counseling for the mothers. We aimed at motivating their active participation in our practice-the management of the group activities and events and so on-in order not to make the group only the place of mutual comfort. Thanks to the free atmosphere of the group, they frankly talked one another about their complaints and conflicts, and discussed about their children's problem. It seemed that they had a special time free from daily life. In this way, they began to work for "the group of themselves." At last, the feeling of togetherness deepend in them, opened their mind, and cheered them up so that they noticed the smallest development of their children with joy. This year, we recognized again that it is necessary for the mothers of the severly multiple-handicapped children to be helped to recover their motivation and confidence, that is, "I do bring up my own child., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

This paper is a case report with the same orientation as a series of the humanistic approach to the severely mentally retarded. The case is Keiko who is one of the severely mentally retarded living in the Haruhidai-Gakuen in the Aich Prefectural Colony. Goto encountered with Keiko for the first time two years ago, and had five-day-contact for three periods in summer seasons. Through these contacts, Goto could deepen his intensive relationship with Keiko. The purpose of this paper is to report that Keiko and Goto experienced their inner development with each other through their intensive contacts. To clarify this kind of development of the relation, following several points of view were discussed. (1) We can experience the deepening and extending of the relationship through these intensive contacts. (2) On the one hand, as the result of each partner's development, for Keiko and for Goto, the relationship itself develops. On the second hand, each partner's development is made to realize only through the mutual intensive relationship in turn. (3) Also, we have to apprehend such a kind of development of the relationship as this from the standpoint of the internal frame of reference of each partner in the relation. Through the contacts of three periods, Keiko and Goto had been really experiencing the deepening of the relation internally, and in parallel with this orientation of deepening, Keiko has learned to contact with her outer world in the institution. Retrospecting these contacts with Keiko, it appeared for us that the deepening of the relation was based on the development of the cognition about the respective partner and the relationship itself.

We experienced the practice to give assistance for the treatment of the severely physically and mentally handicapped who lived in the Kobato-Gakuen, for the eighth in this year. The purpose of this report is to clarify and to admire over again the significance of ways of life as a self-actualyzing person for the handicapped by using the students' final reports which aim to let reason rule their feelings under those experiences. We attempted again to declare the importance of the inrecoverable life as human being for the handicapped in this report too. I dare say the fresh impressions of new members through their experiences to have deeply contact with the severely handicapped at the first time is very valuable. All the new members feel, at first, it's too difficult to communicate with them, but they are also astonished that the handicapped show their zest of living imdependently without help from the others. It seems this is nothing but their self-assertion. On the otherhand, it is undoubtedly for the handicapped to eager to contact with their family, especially their parents with whom they feel to have not so much chance to live usually. They cannot help anyhow to feel that they are isolated and lonely. At any rate we seemed it had much trouble to live their vivid life as a self-actualizing person for the handicapped, but we must not hesitate to encourage them to live for their best way. It's no doubt they should do best to live their true life, as long as they live and breath in their world with us., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

In this year, we have tried to understand the development of the mentally handicapped children so that we might have a clue to relate with them more appropreately. The purpose of this paper is, 1) to introduce our method of group therapeutic practice with the mentally handicapped children. 2) to discuss the validity and the availability of the scale of relating process for understanding their developments. The scale of relating process which we use is as follows; Scale A (about processes of child's development in the play situation) Strand a : how to relate to the therapist Strand b : how to relate to the toys and the other circumstance Strand c : a degree of awareness to his own situation in the group Scale B (a manner of relating to the child of the therapist) Each strand consists of 7 stages. It is considered that every third stages of scale A present beginnings of awareness to the outer world of the child, and in every fifth stages the child relates to the outer world actively. Usually 5 therapists have relations to 6 children flexibly, though each child is chiefly supported by a main specified therapist. Through the discussion about 6 case reports, some findings are pointed out as follows : (About Scale A) 1. As long as the child still stays in the lower stage of the development, i. e. below the third stage in any strand, it is necessary that a specified therapist should relate to him actively so as to facilitate the concerns to the paticular person at first. 2. When the development of the child is above the fifth stage in any strand, we should extend for him the awareness to others. 3. In order to facilitate the development above the fifth stage in strand c, it is necessary to prepare the more active group. 4. In any stage, when the development of the child appears to regress, he certainly shows the emotionally instability. (About Scale B) 1. It is desirable for the group therapeutic practice that all therapists can behave above the fifth stage in scale B. All therapists need to discuss and deepen ideas about the group and the therapeutic method about each child in common. 2. The understanding particular child by the main therapist is supported on the understanding towards him by other therapists., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

リュウキュウマツ当年生(6箇月)苗を用いて, 土壌水分条件と苗木の蒸散速度および根際のXSPとの関係を10&acd;12月の3ケ月間検討した。本実験期間は沖縄において, 比較的降雨の偏りが多い時期であるが^, 気温はまだ高く, 生育活動は活発で苗木にとって, 水分欠乏のおこり易い期間である。また, 本樹種の播種時期は本実験より早いので^, 現実的には秋季の水分欠乏時の苗令はこれより少し大である。苗木の蒸散速度とXSPは大気の環境条件, 植物体内の含水量, 土壌からの給水量およびこれらの内部, 相互間の通導抵抗によって左右される。即ち, 土壌-植物-大気連続体(SPAC)の水の化学ポテンシャルの傾度に従って左右されている^。従って, 一般的には日中, 蒸散量が増加するとXSPは低下するものとみられるが, 両者の関係には種々のパターンがみられることを本実験は示している。これらの蒸散とXSPとの関係はSPAC説およびこれまでの報告^< 2,4,5,6,9,10)>からみて, 充分説明できるものである。XSPとLWP(leaf water potential)はほぼ近い性質を示すとされているが^, 水ポテンシャルの測定部位が小さい程, 蒸散が水ポテンシャルに与える影響は大きく, LWPは環境条件の変化に鋭敏に反応する。従って, XSPおよびLWPを長期間の全体的な蒸散量の動きをみるパラメーターとして使用するのは不適である。苗木の蒸散量に大きい作用をなす土壌水分について, 佐藤^のスギ, ヒノキ, アカマツの当年生苗での実験では土壌水分がpF3.7附近になると蒸散量が急激に減りはじめ, 永久萎凋点あたりまで乾燥すると蒸散量はきわめて少なくなり, ほとんど変化しなくなるとしている。また, 大山^はリュウキュウマツの6&acd;7箇月苗の実験では土壌水のpF値3.2附近から蒸散量は急に低下するとし, 山盛^はリュウキュウマツ2年生苗の実験で蒸散量およびNWP(needle water potential=LWP)の急変点は土壌水分pF2.7&acd;3.3間にあるとしている。, 本実験では, 土壌水分がpF3.8より乾燥した状態になると生育の活発な苗木の蒸散量はあまり変化しなくなる。また, pF2.7とpF3.8間で蒸散量の差が大きいが, pF3.2では蒸散およびXSPを限定する要因となっていないこと, pF3.8でXSPが鋭敏な反応をしていることからみて, 苗木の水分生理に大きな作用をなす土壌水分のpF値は, むしろpF3.8附近にあるものと推定される。土壌水分pF1.7ではリュウキュウマツには過湿ではないかとの報告^もあるが, 本実験では土壌水分pF1.7区で最大の生長をなし, 蒸散およびXSPの反応も鋭敏であった。山盛^の報告によると, リュウキュウマツ稚苗は土壌水分pF1.7では過湿で, pF2.7&acd;3.3で蒸散およびNWPの急変点があるとしていることから, 稚苗は土壌水分の狭い範囲でしか生育できないことになる。しかし, 本実験では, これより広い範囲の土壌水分条件(pF1.7&acd;3.8)で生育できることが推定された。次に, リュウキュウマツ当年生苗でハードニング効果がみられた。本実験では一定の前処理をしたが, 山盛^の実験結果からみると, pF0&acd;4.0のくり返しの処理区で蒸散量が大きいことから, ハードニングのくり返しがその効果は大きいものと考えられる。また, ある期間, 水ストレスを与えた苗木ではそれが弱い程, 回復は早いが, pF4.0で2箇月間管理した苗木でも1日後にXSPは回復した。異なる土壌水分で育てた苗木を自然乾燥させて水ストレスを与えた場合, 土壌水分のpF値が低い土壌で育てた苗木の方が回復は早かった。本実験ではリュウキュウマツの水分生理に関するこれまでの報告とは異なる結果となった。これは実験に使用した培土が異なる(大山^は第三紀層泥灰岩の風化土壌, 山盛^は赤色土(国頭礫層)3 : 石灰質砂(海岸砂)1の混合, 本実験はバーミキュライト)とその乾燥および吸水のみちすじが異なるので^, これが原因の一つだと考えられる。従って, リュウキュウマツ苗木の水分生理に関する分野では土壌の特性および測定技術を考慮して更に検討する必要があるものと考えられる。, Effects of various soil moisture conditions on transpiration rate and xylem sap pressure in Pinus luchuensis seedlings were studied from June 1978 to January 1979. Transpiration rate was measured by the cutleaf method, and xylem sap pressure by the pressure chamber method. Seedlings had grown under p^F1.7 soil moisture tension from June to September, after that three experiments of soil moisture conditions were setted as follows : 1. Experiment I. From 14. Sept., soil moisture condition of p^F 1.7 moisture tension was continued and four soil monsture conditions, p^F 2.7,3.8,4.0 and 4.4 were setted by drying naturally. And those five soil moisture tensions were continued until January 1979. In each soil moisture condition, transpiration and xylem sap pressure of seedlings were measured on 31,Oct. (A-1), 25,Nov. (A-2) and 21,Dec. (A-3), 1978. From this results, four types of the relationship between transpiration rate and xylem sap pressure were distinguished. These types were affected by the soil moisture tension clearly. These respons of transpiration rate and xylem sap pressure were supported by the results with transpiration, water potential and sap flow of trees. 2. Experiment II. Seedlings were grown under three soil moisture tensions, p^F 1.7,2.5 and 3.2 about half and two months, and the watering was stopped. The soil moisture content decreased in natural, transpiration and xylem sap pressure were measured at four p^F value points, p^F 3.2,3.8,4.4 and 4.6. In three soil moisture conditions except p^F3.2,transpiration rate and xylem sap pressure were increased with increase of p^F value of pre-treatment soil moisture tensions (Fig. 6,7). The hardning effects of drought resistance in seedlings were recognized from this results. 3. Experiment III. The relation between soil moisture tension and recovery of transpiration and xylem sap pressure with rewatering was studied. Results on Exp. I-(A-3) were shown in Fig. 8. Recovery of transpiration and xylem sap pressure of seedlings was faster under low soil moisture tension than in high, and xylem sap pressure was recovered faster than transpiration. Results on Exp. II-(p^F 4.6) were shown in Fig. 9. Seedlings grown under p^F 2.5 soil moisture tension recovered faster than those of the other soil moisture tensions., 紀要論文

We report here developmental processes of two mothers during these three years, who have severely multiple-handicapped children. In the beginning of the treatment processes, the two mothers felt hopeless for their future and had grudges against their destinies. Through the encounter with other mothers who have also severely handicapped children, however, they acquired a positive attitude toward their livings, and came to have hopeful prospects for the future. And gradually, they began to acknowledge changes occurred within their children, which they could never find out before. At last, now they can take care of their children with joy and confidence. In order to recover harmony in the family, the two mothers are trying to accept their own destinies as they are and to make their livings independently. We pose in this paper that the major problem for mothers with severely multiple-handicapped children is to accept their own destinies and to design their livings together with their children. We find the cases mentioned above not atypical., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Through our seminar to experience for us to contact internally with the severely mentally retarded in the Aich Prefectual Colony, we intended, this year, to clarify the significant meaning as to their development for the mentally retarded. We believe that the mentally retarded truly continue to grow as a human being, even though the degree of retardation is so severe. And we have always been thinking how careful and kind treatment for education could support their real development. Along to the clear orientation that the development for the human being must be conceived as inner development which are brought forth only through the mutual relationship between the one person and the other person, we have tried to deepen our experience of contacting with the severely mentally retarded, and to clarify the aspects and the meaning of their development. In this study, based on the case report in which each therapist arranged his inner experience to contact with his own case, we attempted, at first, to abstract the substsance of the development as the human being, for instance, self-assertion, the enlargement of their outer world, independence, resistance, cooperation and so on, and secondly, to think about the significance of the situation where each therapist has internally the mutual relationship with his respective case., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

The Adaptive Behavior Scales developed by Nihira and others were translated and revised for use in Japan by the present authors. The A. B. Scales are primarily based upon the theory that the individual's deficiency in adaptive behavior can be determined, in part, by an absence of essential skills and habits in daily living, causing dependency upon others, and, in part, by presence of maladaptive behavior, making the individual conspicuous in his environment. So the scale consists of two parts. The part 1 of the scale is planned out to measure those skills and habits, and the part 2 of the scale is constructed to determine these maladaptive behaviors. For the standardization of the A. B. Scales in Japan, ratings about the behaviors of the six thousand and fifteen mentally retarded, offered by ward attendants in residential institutions, were collected across the country. The analysis of the ratings provides us the normative data of each of the nearly homogeneous groups of the mentally retarded in terms of their sex, age range and MI level. Comparing the rating of a particular individual with the norm of the relevant group, we are able to evaluate the level and characteristics of his adaptive behavior. The statistical checks on reliability of the A. B. Scales through Odd-Even procedure are satisfactorily to make us confident that the scales are highly reliable. And the factor analytic studies of the ratings certify that the A. B. Scales are valid in the light of theoretical considerations on the concept of "Adaptive Behavior" by Heber and Leland., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

In this research we intended to support and actualize the orientation of the rehabilitation for the psychotic patients in the nightc are hospital. To encourage those patient's selfactualizing tendency we tried to push the group-psychotherapeutic approach powerfully for our subjects who were supposed to have more weak personality in the ego-functiong level through the result of the PRC (Profile of Rehabilitative Condition) rating schedule. 29 patients were thus selected as our subjects for the group-psychotherapy and they were divided into four groups according to their PRC level. The group-psychotherapy was then continued by four therapists during 12 sessions in three months since July '72. Each therapist reported individually their experience with relation to those patients under these process of the group psychotherapy. It is true that under those conditions many subjects were influenced by this powerful approach by the therapists and showed some motivation for the rehabilitation supported by the selfactualizing tendency, but as the present problem, it's too difficult for them to go back actually at once to the daily social life and their vocational field, because the barrier against the reha bilition activity is very strong in our real social and economic situation in general. In fact, we suffered from many severe problem to interfere the actual rehabilitation during those group-psychotherapeutic process. In the other hand, however, we too recongnized that the patient's self-actualizing ability was influenced by the each therapist's personality characteristics. The dynamics within these group was found to be important to form the empathie communication in the group member each other. We believe that, for the time being, the social adjustment or rehabilitation should be based on such a real self-actualization. To step foreward for the rehabilitation in the night care hospital actually, we have to search out how to approch these patients furthermore., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

We have been continuing the humanistic approach to the mentally retarded for these four years. The purpose of these researches is to understand the mode of life of the severely mentally retarded who is fated to live with the handicap by means of entering into their inner worlds and sharing experiences. This paper is a concrete case report along to these orientations. The case is Yasuo who lives in Yorakuso in the Aichi Prefectural Colony. He has no vivid contact with others in the institute and only keeps to speak to himself all day long. The immediate purpose of this reseach is to listen to his inner cry with all Kaori's heart and soul and to let Yasuo know the pleasure to have relations with other persons. By doing so, we can hope for Yasuo to have inner communication to others and to seek the self-actualization for himself. During five days Kaori kept in contact with Yasuo. Step by step, Yasuo began to open his heart to Kaori and they could have some interaction mutually. From this experience the following considerations are derived. 1) The so-called "human relation" is not of one-way regard, but is made of mutual regard and acceptance. The mode of their relation is but selected mutually for themselves. 2) A man grows and develops in the relationship with others. Accepting one's spontaneous and subjective behavior by others awakes the next step of his spontaneous and subjective behavior which is important as an implication in the outer world. 3) We are, for the time being, not sure whether the only five days experience has any significant meaning in Yasuo's inner life or not, but these mode of experience, we believe, is very important for accelerating his inner development. 4) The living condition in Yorakuso may impose limit on the development of the severely mentally retarded due to various difficulties. Nevertheless we must consider to set up and maintain the best condition to guarantee their development., 国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Doctor of Engineering