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This article discusses the management of severe fetal anemia through intrauterine transfusion at a tertiary center in Budapest, Hungary. Severe fetal anemia is a condition that is often underdiagnosed and can lead to adverse outcomes if left untreated. The study summarizes the results of intrauterine transfusion procedures performed between November 2023 and March 2024, with a total of 7 interventions conducted. The majority of cases involved red-blood cell isoimmunization, and the intrahepatic approach was the preferred method due to its lower complication rate. The procedure has shown promising results in improving perinatal outcomes and extending the duration of pregnancy, but further studies are needed to assess its long-term effectiveness. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the establishment of a Fetal Medicine Task Force at Semmelweis University in Hungary. The task force aims to improve the management of high-risk pregnancies, establish a referral system for patients with fetal abnormalities, and identify candidates for fetal therapy. The article highlights the successful performance of several fetal interventions, such as intrauterine fetal transfusions and relieving cystocentesis. The task force's efforts are seen as a groundbreaking step in the field of Fetal Medicine in Hungary, with the goal of improving perinatal outcomes and reducing mortality and morbidity. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the status of investment activity of personal peasant farms (PPFs). Investment is one of the most important factors in the development of the economy. Especially of great importance are investments aimed at the development of agricultural production, because on its development depend the development of all other sectors of the economy, accelerating the processes of reproduction and increasing its efficiency. It is proved that the investment activity of the PPFs is unsatisfactory, investment processes are insignificant, and the sources of allocation of resources are irrational. The sources of investment provision of personal peasant farms have been identified. It is concluded that internal sources of financing of PPFs, which consist of: income from economic activity, related types of activities, provision of services, lease of land plots, pensions, wages, scholarships of members of the PPFs, funds from the sale of property, rent for land plots, interests on deposit investments, insurance payments from reimbursement of losses, previously accumulated savings, etc., are not sufficient. Therefore, we need to look for opportunities to provide resources for external sources of funding. The key role here should be played by the State. It is necessary to develop an effective mechanism for attracting and implementing investment support from the part of the State, as well as external and internal investments, along with joint projects.

We report the observation of (ultra)strong light-matter coupling, in the UV spectral region, between optical modes of a metal/dielectric bilayer nanocavity and the electronic excitations of spin-crossover (SCO) molecules. By thermally switching the SCO molecules between their low-spin and high-spin states, we demonstrate the possibility of fine-tuning the light-molecule hybridization strength, allowing a reversible switching between strong- (with Rabi splitting values of up to 550 meV) and weak-coupling regimes within a single photonic resonator. As a result, we show that spin-crossover molecular compounds constitute a novel, promising class of active nanomaterials in the context of tuneable and reconfigurable polaritonic devices.

Formation of calcium silicide on three types of templates: Si(111)7 × 7, 2D Mg2Si, and 3D Mg2Si, was studied during Ca deposition at 120 °C in situ by Auger and electron energy loss spectroscopy, and by differential optical reflectance spectroscopy. A continuous Ca2Si layer is formed on 2D and 3D Mg2Si templates; but, on an atomically clean silicon surface (Si(111)7 × 7), a mixture of Ca2Si with another Ca silicide was found. The growth of a Si cap layer over the Ca silicide layers at about 100 °C studied by in situ methods demonstrated the full embedding of Ca silicide in amorphous silicon, independent of the used template. Transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and electrical characterization of Schottky junctions revealed the Ca2Si and Mg2Si nanoparticles and the redistribution of Mg and Ca during the silicon cap growth and its effect on the electronic properties of the structures. Reproduction of the experiments on higher doped and better purity substrates is needed to understand better the role of Mg- and Ca-related defects, and defects of silicon generated by the growth process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a wide-spread phenomenon in Serbia that companies and enterprises train their freshly employed employees within the firm, thus avoiding spending financial resources by requesting another employee to train the newcomer. According to the half of the enterprises, (besides maintaining the adequate quality of the qualification content) training fees are highly relevant, therefore when training frees are planned for small enterprises their budget limitations need to be considered. The majority of companies tend to send only their highly qualified employees for further training, especially if they are legally obligated to do so (for instance, in the health sector) or if the changing laws/technologies require further training for employees (for instance, accountants, IT experts). The participants of various organized further trainings, courses are usually satisfied with the level and content of the training. Enterprises often lack the element of practical-oriented education from the educational system. Employers in Vojvodina require the following skills from their employees: communicational and organizational skills, digital competence as well as negotiation and presentation techniques.

The biological rhythm of the spontaneous lymphocyte transformation and the lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) was studied in six healthy male volunteers. The count of peripheral blood lymphocytes was increasing from 08.00 until 02.00 hr. The level of plasma cortisol was highest at 08.00 hr and lowest at 20.00 hr. The spontaneous lymphocyte transformation showed a biphasic cycle during the day; the peak values were observed at 08.00 and 20.00 hr and a significant depression was found at 14.00 hr. The response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA and Con A varied inversely with the level of plasma cortisol. The PPD response was lowest at 08.00 hr, but the highest value was observed at 02.00 hr. No significant day to day variation was found in any of the parameters studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Self-assembled iron-silicide nanostructures were prepared by reactive deposition epitaxy of Fe onto silicon. Capacitance-voltage, current-voltage, and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) were used to measure the electrical properties of Au/silicon Schottky junctions. Spreading resistance and scanning probe capacitance microscopy (SCM) were applied to measure local electrical properties. Using a preamplifier the sensitivity of DLTS was increased satisfactorily to measure transients of the scanning tip semiconductor junction. In the Fe-deposited area, Fe-related defects dominate the surface layer in about 0.5 μm depth. These defects deteriorated the Schottky junction characteristic. Outside the Fe-deposited area, Fe-related defect concentration was identified in a thin layer near the surface. The defect transients in this area were measured both in macroscopic Schottky junctions and by scanning tip DLTS and were detected by bias modulation frequency dependence in SCM.

Abstract: Reactive deposition epitaxy is used for the growth of semiconducting β-FeSi2 particles on Si(001) substrate. Iron layers of thickness 6nm were deposited on Si substrates at 600°C, followed by in situ annealing at 600°C for 10, 20 and 30min. The coexistence of the equilibrium α-FeSi2, β-FeSi2 phases and the metastable γ-FeSi2 phase is revealed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, whereas the evolution of the semiconducting β-FeSi2 phase with annealing time is investigated with infrared transmittance measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Semiconducting β-FeSi2 was grown on Si(001) substrates by depositing Fe layers of thickness 2, 4 and 6nm at room temperature in an ultra-high vacuum system and subsequent in situ annealing at 600°C for 15min. The phase of the grown polycrystalline β-FeSi2 was confirmed by electron diffraction and infrared reflectance measurements. Transmission electron microscopy analysis has shown that the structure of the formed β-FeSi2 is thickness dependent. For an Fe layer of thickness 2nm, β-FeSi2 nanodots with a mean diameter of about 15nm were grown, together with islands of irregular shape and linear or S-type arrays of β-FeSi2 nanodots. For thicker Fe layers, the grown β-FeSi2 consisted of continuous polycrystalline layers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, a direct HPLC method was developed to determine the enantiomeric purity of the immunomodulatory drug, ozanimod. A systematic method development process was followed, incorporating risk assessment, identification of critical analytical procedure parameters, initial screening of stationary phases, and software-assisted optimization of method parameters. Eight different polysaccharide-based chiral columns were selected to assess chiral separation of enantiomers under polar organic elution mode. The most promising results were obtained using a methanol:2-propanol mixture on the amylose-based Chiralpak AD column. Following this, systematic modeling was conducted using DryLab software to optimize method conditions, including isocratic eluent composition, temperature, and flow rate. Baseline separation was achieved within fifteen minutes using the optimized parameters: Chiralpak AD column thermostated at 10 °C, and a mobile phase of methanol:2-propanol: diethylamine, 70:30:0.1 (v/v/v %), delivered at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The developed method was validated according to current guidelines and in silico robustness testing was conducted to determine tolerance limits for critical separation parameters and their impact on enantioresolution. Our findings demonstrate the utility of DryLab, typically employed for reversed-phase achiral separations, in optimizing chiral methods even in polar organic mode. Limitations of the selected approach the development of chiral separation methods are also highlighted., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The enantioselective binding of three proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)-omeprazole, rabeprazole, and lansoprazole-to two key plasma proteins, α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and human serum albumin (HSA), was characterized. The interactions between PPI enantiomers and proteins were investigated using a multifaceted analytical approach, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fluorescence and UV spectroscopy, as well as in silico molecular docking. HPLC analysis demonstrated that all three PPIs exhibited enantioseparation on an AGP-based chiral stationary phase, suggesting stereoselective binding to AGP, while only lansoprazole showed enantioselective binding on the HSA-based column. Quantitatively, the S -enantiomers of omeprazole and rabeprazole showed higher binding affinity to AGP, while the R -enantiomer of lansoprazole displayed greater affinity for AGP, with a reversal in the elution order observed between the two protein-based columns. Protein binding percentages, calculated via HPLC, were greater than 88% for each enantiomer across both transport proteins, with all enantiomers displaying higher affinity for AGP compared to HSA. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that on the HSA, the more common, enthalpy-controlled enantioseparation was found, while in contrast, on the AGP, entropy-controlled enantioseparation was observed. The study also identified limitations in using fluorescence titration due to the high native fluorescence of the compounds, whereas UV titration was effective for both proteins. The determined log K values were in the range of 4.47-4.83 for AGP and 4.02-4.66 for HSA. Molecular docking supported the experimental findings by revealing the atomic interactions driving the binding process, with the predicted enantiomer elution orders aligning with experimental data. The comprehensive use of these analytical methods provides detailed insights into the enantioselective binding properties of PPIs, contributing to the understanding of their pharmacokinetic differences and aiding in the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.

The development of multimodality has led to increased research on its use to improve students' English language competency. However, no recent review has analyzed multimodality in English language learning in higher education. This systematic review examines 34 research articles published from 2013 to 2024. The primary focus of the study is to explore the application of multimodal pedagogies in higher education, the methods and materials used to assist learners in acquiring English language skills, the English language skills acquired through the usage of multimodality, and the main results of using multiple modes. This systematic review employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) standards. It adopts a thorough search strategy across electronic databases, which include Web of Science and Scopus. We found (1) the implementation of multimodality contributes to learners' English language proficiency in English for academic purposes (EAP) and English for specific purposes (ESP) education; (2) there is a predominance of digital multimodality and nonverbal communication use in the higher education classroom, for example, gesture, kinesics, spatial position, facial expression, and gaze the use of the 3D (dimensional) environment, virtual reality (VR); (3) there is an advantage of a multimodal approach in improving higher education learners' vocabulary, reading, speaking, and writing skills and a positive connection between the implementation of multimodality and the development of learners' communicative ability. This systematic review highlights existing research gaps and outlines potential avenues for future investigation aimed at conceptualizing and assessing learners' skills through multimodal approaches., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:I Wayan Eka Dian Rahmanu reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/501100015763University of Szeged. I Wayan Eka Dian Rahmanu reports a relationship with State Polytechnic Bali that includes: employment. The grant is provided by the 10.13039/501100015763University of Szeged Open Access Fund 7204 If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Hofmann coordination polymers (CPs) that couple the well-studied spin transition of the Fe II central ion with electron-responsive ligands provide an innovative strategy toward multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Here, we developed a 2D planar network consisting of metal-cyanide-metal sheets in an unusual coordination mode, brought about by infinitely π-stacked redox-active bipyridinium derivatives as axial ligands. The obtained family of materials show vivid thermochromism attributed to electron transfer and/or electronic spin state change processes that can occur either independently or concomitantly. Importantly, the redox activity of the ligands within the structure leads to the quasi-reversible electrochemical reduction reaction on a spin-crossover complex at solid state. These observations have been confirmed via temperature-dependent single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, Mössbauer, EPR, optical and vibrational spectroscopies as well as quantum chemical calculations., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

We used stereolithography to print polymer nanocomposite samples of stimuli-responsive spin crossover materials in the commercial photo-curable printing resins DS3000 and PEGDA-250. The thermomechanical analysis of the SLA-printed objects revealed not only the expected reinforcement of the polymer resins by the introduction of the stiffer SCO particles, but also a significant mechanical damping, as well as a sizeable linear strain around the spin transition temperatures. For the highest accessible loads (ca. 13-15 vol.%) we measured transformation strains in the range of 1.2-1.5%, giving rise to peaks in the coefficient of thermal expansion as high as 10 -3 °C -1 , which was exploited in 3D printed bilayer actuators to produce bending movement. The results pave the way for integrating these advanced stimuli-responsive composites into mechanical actuators and 4D printing applications.