Search

Abstract Background The PNI is a metric that may assess the combined impact of the inflammatory process and nutritional condition. It may be beneficial in evaluating the nutritional state of patients with AECOPD. In recent years, it has also been utilized for prognostic assessment of cases admitted to the critical care unit. Aim of the work The objective of the research was to assess the relationship between PNI and the prognosis for ICU patients with AECOPD. Patients and methods This was a prospective cross-sectional observational research carried out in the RICU of Ain Shams University Hospitals from April 2023 to March 2024. The study included 161 AECOPD patients who were admitted to RICU. All patients underwent demographic data collection, special habits and comorbid conditions evaluations, and hematological indices with laboratory markers and ABG. ICU and hospital stay duration, SOFA score, and SAPS II were also documented. The PNI value was computed using the following equation: the formula to calculate the value is 10 times the serum albumin concentration in grams per deciliter plus 0.005 times the total lymphocyte count in cubic millimeters. The main measure of interest was the death rate within 30 days for all causes. Additional measures were the duration of stay in the ICU, the duration of hospitalization, and the rate of MV. Results There was a significant relationship between PNI and type of respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, fate, hypertension, and diabetes. One hundred five (65.2%) of the patients were extubated and discharged, while 56 (34.8%) of them died. The study also noted a significant positive relationship among PNI and HCT, lymphocytic %, HB, and albumin. However, there was a significant negative relationship between PNI and age, RDW, WBC, neutrophil count, neutrophil %, NLR, CRP, SAPSII, and SOFA. The SAPS II score (with SAPS II mortality) had greater AUROC in predicting mortality than PNI, NLR, and SOFA. The optimal cut-off value for PNI in this study was ≤ 29 with sensitivity 82.14% and specificity 56.19%. Conclusion The study showed that PNI can be a useful biomarker for AECOPD. PNI with SAPS II scores on admission to ICU were closely correlated to adverse outcomes.

Textile designs are one of the most important means to attract the consumer and market of the textile product, and since the operational methods are based on experience and simulation without reference to accurate technical standards, where the implementation methods often simulate some imported designs without developing the operational methods and their suitability for performance Career.Gobelin fabrics are one of the ancient textile methods, used in the production of upholstery and hanging fabrics , where the main purpose of the research is to developing innovative methods for designing Gobelin fabrics, where most of the goblin designs execute in a stereotypical style that depends, as in the first experiment, which use three weft colors, but the second experiment use five weft colors and third experiment use six weft colors , which not used in the market and are implemented with innovative textile structures from the researcher’s hypotheses by varying the number of colors and raw materials of the weft used , through the difference in the number of colors and type of weft materials used , to determine the effectiveness of the artistic and technical performance of each design method , which create competition in the design field quickly , to fit the positive requirements of production . The main variables to methods and curriculum design innovative by the researcher to control their rates to determine the technical dimensional as follows: -1. Variation in the number of weft colors used (3colors - 5 colors - 6 colors).2. Type of weft materials used (cotton - polyester).By this method, 6 samples were produced for one design suitable for use with Goblan fabrics. The samples were woven and the executive methods used in the implementation of the research samples were analyzed, and the best method was selected from them based on a questionnaire presented to specialists.

Abstract Objective The aim of this work is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated sessions of photo-activated chromophore for keratitis-cross linking (PACK-CXL) window absorption (WA) for the treatment of resistant bacterial keratitis (BK). Patients and methods This is a retrospective clinical cohort study. Thirty eyes with clinically suspected and lab-confirmed bacterial keratitis, resistant to appropriate antibiotic therapy- which was modified by sensitivity reports- for 2 weeks with failure of epithelialization for 4 weeks after the standard anti-microbial therapy (SAT) together with one setting of PACK-CXL WA were included. If after the first session of PACK-CXL, there is a start of improvement in the form of reduction of the size of corneal ulcer and stromal infiltrates together with the start of epithelialization on clinical examination and AS-OCT, another session of PACK-CXL WA was performed after one week, and so on, till the complete healing and resolution of bacterial keratitis and confirmation by negative bacterial culture. Identification of the micro-organisms was done by lab study before and after treatment. Corneal healing was evaluated by corneal examination and anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT). Results Thirty eyes of 30 patients were recruited in this study. They were 16 males and 14 females, their mean age was 44.3 ± 5.38 years. The mean ulcer size was 3.96 ± 1.87 (mm3), while the mean size of stromal infiltrates was 4.52 ± 2.24 (mm3). PACK-CXL WA treatment was performed an average of 2.87 times for the 30 eyes. Complete healing and resolution (Successful treatment) was observed in 27 eyes (90%) of cases and failure of epithelialization was observed only in 3 eyes (10%). Complete corneal healing was reported in the second month postoperatively in 90% of eyes. Conclusion and recommendation PACK-CXL WA may be a promising, non-invasive treatment option for resistant bacterial keratitis. It may have a synergistic effect with standard antimicrobial treatment (SAT). Also, it can overcome the antibiotics resistance that has become rapidly spreading worldwide. Repeated sessions of PACK-CXL WA may be more effective for the treatment of resistant bacterial keratitis till complete epithelialization and resolution of BK than a single session with few complications. However, further prospective and comparative studies to support the results are needed.

Objectives: Egypt incurred about 74 billion of Egyptian pounds in the last decade due to arbitration cases. This paper aims to find a solution for the Egyptian construction industry to avoid disputes among project parties, which convert the project from win-win situation to lose-lose situation and the project may not be completed.Methods/Analysis: This study uses the new approach of contracts administration of avoiding disputes from its inception represented in FIDIC 2017 and the approach of disputes settlement represented in FIDIC 1999 instead of the used ad-hoc construction contracts in Egypt.After analyzing the Egyptian construction field, it is found that each of badly written contract and poor contract administration are the main reasons for most of disputes among project parties.as a try to solve this issue, a case study been applied to use the standard contract of FIDIC 2017 to be the project’s contract instead of used regular ad-hoc contracts in Egyptian construction field, results confirmed that the new approach of disputes avoidance is in the line of the nature of Egyptian construction projects, in addition to FIDIC 2017 mentions more detailed conditions and scenarios which avoid almost all project disputes and deliver the project to the completion date with win–win situation for all project parties.Novelty/Improvement: the application of standard contract of FIDIC 2017 as the project contract in Egypt shall be a solution for the badly written contract and facilitate the contract administration for all project stages which shall be a great step to improve the Egyptian construction field and save billions of Egyptian pounds in arbitration courts.

Contemporary art has played a big role in the life of Egyptian , Art was and still is an integral part of human history, culture and heritage.The Egyptian artistic movement variables are an emotional reading of our ancient and contemporary history, where its activity, approaches and schools variation is a true reflection of this history. The character of the rhythm, geometric organization and cosmic outlook was the most important characteristic of this art, hence the idea of research how to benefit from the aesthetics of contemporary Egyptian art in the design and production of woven fabrics in the gobelin style. Gobelin style is considered one of the ancient textile methods used in the production of upholstery fabrics and hangings, and since the gobelin designs are mostly typical character, therefore the research focused on make color arrangement for each design , which the technical capabilities of textile designs , which led to obtaining innovative textile designs executed in the gobelin method.The practical side of the research focused on creating a group of designs inspired by the aesthetics of contemporary Egyptian art and using specialized textile programs.

The world is witnessing in the recent period strong competition in the field of clothing industry, as the producing countries seek to achieve a difficult equation, which is to achieve the lowest possible cost with the highest taste in addition to the best industrial quality. We find that the ready-to-wear industry is subject to global fashion trends, so the clothing and fashion styles change according to the preferences of community members. This research study deals with the problem of the inability of the owners of small enterprises to compete in the local and sometimes foreign markets due to their lack of a brand that distinguishes their product, and sometimes there is a brand, but it does not suit the nature of the clothing products and needs to be developed to match the technologies of the modern era, and the importance of the research is due. The impact of the brand on the size of the project. Raising the level of thinking of the owners of small and medium enterprises. The research sample was based on three samples for factories producing women's clothing. The study was based on laying the foundations and standards for the development of the trademark and the effect of this mark on developing the design form and production processes to increase the profits of the companies identified in the study samples, and through the results, designing a questionnaire and statistical analysis, the study concluded the importance of the brand for the development of small enterprises.

The demand to reduce the greenhouse gases (GHGs) is a must to address the problem of climate change. This paper aims to help the decision makers locally and internationally to reduce the building's CO2 emissions in the project design phase. The paper studies the indoor CO2 emissions of green and conventional building. The assessment of embodied carbon of a green building material has been studied. It was found that the reinforced concrete has the significant negative impact, as it represents 78% of the total embodied carbon emissions. On the other hand, the insulation materials represent (2%) of the total emissions. Heavyweight cast concrete and the autoclaved aerated concrete have been proposed as alternatives, it was found that they achieved 23% & 50% reduction in the total embodied carbon emissions respectively. It is recommended to use autoclaved aerated concrete component as environmental alternative to reinforced concrete.

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرّف إلى أثر تطبيق برنامج الإشراف التطويري الإلكتروني في اتجاهات المعلمين وتحسين أدائهم التدريسي، بالحلقة الأولى للتعليم الأساسي في سلطنة عُمان؛ ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اُستخدم المنهج شبه التجريبي، القائم على تصميم المجموعة الواحدة وقياسين: قبليّ وبعديّ، باستخدام أداتين، هما: مقياس الاتجاه؛ لقياس اتجاه المعلمين نحو الإشراف التطويري الإلكتروني، والاستبانة؛ لقياس أثر الإشراف التطويري الإلكتروني في مستوى الأداء التدريسي لدى المعلمين، وبلغت عينة الدراسة 24 معلمة من معلمات الحلقة الأولى بمحافظة مسقط، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى α ≤ 0.05 بين متوسطي تقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة في التطبيقين: القبلي والبعدي، على درجة اتجاههم نحو الإشراف التطويري الإلكتروني. في حين توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى α ≤ 0.05 بين تقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة في التطبيقين: القبلي والبعدي، على درجة مستوى أدائهم التدريسي بعد تطبيق الإشراف التطويري الإلكتروني. وخلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات، منها: نشر ثقافة التوجه نحو الإشراف التطويري الإلكتروني، وتفعيل وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، والبوابة التعليمية، ووسائل الإعلام التربوية. وإنشاء منصة إلكترونية للإشراف الإلكتروني، وتوقيع اتفاقيات شراكة أو تمويل مع المؤسسات المجتمعية؛ لأجل توفير أجهزة للطلبة والمعلمين والمشرفين وصيانتها، وتقوية شبكات الإنترنت بالمدارس.

Abstract Background In the industry, acid and alkali are used to hydrolyze lignocellulosic materials into cellulose and lignin. The cellulose is to be used in several industries such as the production of bioethanol, in the sugar industry, and as carbonaceous materials in place of bleaching agents. On the other hand, the lignin separated from the lignocellulosic materials is used as a rich source of different bioactive materials. Usually, the alkali and acid hydrolysis are carried out at high temperatures. The aim of this study was to carry the extraction by using ultrasound equipment at low temperatures to save the phytochemicals present. This study was designed to investigate the effect of 12 different treatments on the extraction of bioactive compounds from jatropha and jojoba hulls. These bioactive extracts are examined for their phytochemical content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The free and bounded bioactive compounds from jojoba and jatropha hulls were also considered. From our previous work, we reached the conclusion that a single extraction method is not as effective as a mixture of solvents and extraction processes. Methods The hulls were ground and sieved. The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction together with soaking afterwards were investigated. Solvents used were (1, 0. 5 N HCl), (1, 0.5 N-NaOH), and (70 ml ethanol mixed with 30 ml of (1, 0. 5) N HCl or NaOH) and then soaking to reduce the temperature and to enhance the process in order to hydrolyze lignin. The phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and saponins in each extract were determined, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. Three antioxidant activity methods were applied for each extract: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging activity, DPPH, and total reducing capability. Results Bioactive compounds in their natural form were found to possess high antioxidant activities exceeding that of BHT. The NaOH proved to have a great power for the extraction of phytochemical compounds with elevated antioxidant activities from jojoba, while (1, 0.5 N) HCl with ethanol (30–70%) concentrations extracted phytochemicals with high antioxidant activity from jatropha. Conclusion (A) A simple method for the extraction of flavonoid, phenolic, and saponin compounds from jojoba and jatropha hulls with different activities has been developed. This method utilized a small amount of solvent and less energy. The bioactive extracts can be used in the pharmaceutical industry. (B) Introduce different structure of bioactive compost extracts from jojoba and jatropha hulls through hydrolyses of lignocellulolytic hulls and then the residue will be ready at the same time for multi-uses in industrial purposes.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to study the effect of stocking density in two genetic groups of rabbits (purebred Californian (CAL × CAL) and Californian × Rex (CAL × RX) crossbred rabbits) on growth performance, some blood hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters and carcass traits. Materials and methods: A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (two genetic groups; 60 of each CAL × CAL and CAL × RX and three stocking densities; 8, 12 and 20 rabbits/m2; the number of rabbits under each stocking density was 24, 36 and 60; respectively) and 6 replicates. Results: The effects of genetic group × stocking density interactions were significant (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 265-274]

تشكل مشاهد الحب مساحة كبيرة ضمن فلك الفيلم السينمائي، حتى يكاد لا يخلو فيلماً (مهما كان نوعه) من تلك المشاهد، لارتباطها بأبعاد كثيرة بالإضافة إلى إنها تشكل عامل جذب رئيسة للمشاهدين، ومن هنا تشكل الحلول الإخراجية وارتباطها برؤية المخرج جانباً كبيراً في عملية توظيف العلامات لإبراز ما ينبغي إبرازه أو الإشارة إليه بشكل رمزي على اعتبار ان المخرج لا يمتلك الحرية كاملة في نقل مشاهد الحب بكافة مستوياتها كما هي عليه في الواقع .وقد اشتمل البحث على ثلاث مباحث ضمن الاطار النظري:المبحث الاول : مفهوم الصورة واهميتها البلاغية, وتم الحديث عن اهمية الصورة باعتبارها كيان ثقافي وكثرة تداولها في العصر الحديث لما تمتلكه من كم هائل من المعلومات القصدية.المبحث الثاني : الاشتغال العلامي للصورة السينمائية , وتم الحديث فيه عن مفهوم العلامة, وكيفية اشتغالها في الصورة السينمائية .المبحث الثالث : إنتاج الدلالة في بنية المشهد , وتم الحديث فيه عن كيفية توظيف العلامة من خلال قنوات الاتصال لإنتاج الدلالة

Abstract Introduction Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate between acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (APE) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on clinical basis only. Chest ultrasonography (CUS) may be helpful in providing ultrasonographic pleuropulmonary signs, which aids in such differentiation. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CUS in differentiating between ARDS and APE through the characterization of comparative peculiar ultrasonographic pleuropulmonary signs. Patients and methods On admission, CUS was performed in Ain Shams University Hospital and Al-Abbassia Chest Hospital ICUs on 28 consecutive patients who presented with ARDS (15 cases) or APE (13 cases). CUS examination focused on the detection of the following pleuropulmonary signs in both ARDS and APE: alveolar–interstitial syndrome (AIS), pleural line abnormalities, absent or reduced lung sliding, consolidation, and pleural effusion. Results AIS was found in 100% of patients with ARDS and in 100% of patients with APE. Pleural line abnormalities were observed in 100% of patients with ARDS and in 0% of patients with APE (P=0.001). Absent or reduced lung sliding was observed in 100% of patients with ARDS and in 0% of patients with APE (P=0.001). Consolidations were present in 93.3% of patients with ARDS in 7.5% of patients with APE (P=0.001). Pleural effusion was present in 40% of patients with ARDS and in 76.9% of patients with APE (P=0.049). All pleuropulmonary signs, except the presence of AIS, presented a statistically significant difference in presentation between ARDS and APE, resulting peculiar ultrasonographic pleuropulmonary signs of ARDS. Conclusion CUS represents a useful tool for differentiating ARDS from APE in ICU patients. In fact, the presence of absent or reduced lung sliding, pleural line abnormalities, and lung consolidations on a background of AIS seems diagnostic of ARDS.

Crystalline silica inhalation causes silicosis, one of the ancient occupational lung diseases. It leads to an irreversible fibrotic response in the lung parenchyma and, consequently, causes diffuse interstitial lung disease. Asymptomatic to chronic irreversible forms are various presentations of silicosis, which has a high-risk predisposition to various comorbidities. We documented two cases of rare presentations of silica dust exposure alveolar silicoproteinosis and silicotuberculosis.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of boldenone undecylenate (BUL) on carcass traits and blood stress parameters in growing male rabbits. A total of 170 male rabbits comprising of three breeds namely New Zealand White (NZW; n=55), Californian (CAL; n=50), and Rex (RX; n=65) were taken for this study. The rabbits of each breed were divided into three groups viz., D0 (control), D1 provided with normal dose of BUL (at 4.4 mg/kg body weight), and D2 provided with BUL (at 8.8 mg/kg bwt). The rabbits were kept under temperature ranged from 28-32 and deg;C during the experimental period. Carcass traits of the rabbits were studied, and the blood parameters were measured by radioimmunoassay. Most of carcass traits, globulin and cholesterol levels in the serum were significantly improved for the injection of BUL at normal dose. Plasma corticosterone levels in normal dose injected rabbits were lowered by 27.21 and 15.25% as compared to controls and double dose, respectively. The effect of interaction between dose and breed was non-significant (P>0.05) on almost all carcass traits and blood parameters. In conclusion, BUL improves all carcass traits in male growing rabbits when injected with normal dose of BUL, with the exception of dressing-out%, and has a significant lowering effect on stress hormone (i.e., corticosterone), and increasing effect on serum total protein, globulin and cholesterol. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2015; 2(3.000): 263-270]

The present study was conducted to estimate crossbreeding parameters for growth traits of growing rabbits in a complete 3 × 3 diallel crossing experiment involving three breeds namely New Zealand White (NN), Californian (CC) and Rex (RR). Highly significant differences (p≤0.001) were observed among different genotypes for almost traits studied with the exception of relative growth rates (RGR) at 4-12 weeks of age. Direct genetic effects of NN were found as positive for most of studied traits. Positive total maternal genetic effect was estimated for kits of NN dose for weight at weaning (57 g) and 12 weeks of age (92 g). Strong individual heterosis was estimated for NN × CC crossbreds for all body weight (BW) and most of body weight gains (BWG). In conclusion, direct additive genetic effects were infavor NN for growth traits and maternal genetic effects were infavor NN for weaning and final weights and higher individual heterosis has been estimated for NN × CC crossbred rabbits for growth traits.

Introduction: Hip arthroscopy for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has shown significant pain and functional improvement. However, the differential outcome of each of the FAI morphological types in contrast to one another remains largely unknown. This study was conducted to detect a possible difference in outcome among different FAI types treated using hip arthroscopy. Methods: In this prospective non randomized comparative study, after exclusion of non-FAI cases and cases with advanced arthritic changes, 90 hips in 85 patients that had hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAI between 2011 and 2015 in our center were analyzed. The collected patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) included visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), and the non arthritic hip score (NAHS) both preoperatively and at final follow-up. Patient satisfaction was collected at final follow-up. Postoperative PROMs were subjected to three main comparisons based on each of FAI type, labral procedure, and extent of cartilage damage. Repeat comparison based on FAI type after matching of exact chondrolabral condition was also attempted. Results: Mean follow-up was 32.8 months (five patients lost from follow-up). There was a significant improvement in the overall PROMs. This improvement was significantly higher in the cam group in contrast to the mixed group. After matching for chondrolabral condition, this difference was consistent and more evident. Discussion: The outcome of arthroscopic treatment of pure cam FAI is significantly better than that of mixed FAI. Matching of the same chondrolabral condition and repeating the comparison yields similar results.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether adding diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) could improve specificity and the positive predictive value (PPV) of breast MRI in differentiating benign and malignant focal breast mass lesions. Materials and methods: The prospective study included 71 females with 103 focal breast lesions on DCE-MRI who underwent subsequent biopsy. DWI was acquired during diagnostic breast MRI using b = 0, 400 and 800 s/mm2. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were compared for benign and malignant lesions. Sensitivity and PPV were calculated for DCE-MRI alone (based on biopsy recommendations) and DCE-MRI plus DWI (adding an ADC threshold) for the same set of lesions. Results: On pathological basis, 57 out of 103 focal lesions were benign and the remaining revealed, 45 were malignant and one borderline. Malignant lesions exhibited lower mean ADC (1.3 × 10−3 mm2/s). Applying an ADC threshold of 1.3 × 10−3 mm2/s sensitivity increased (on conventional DCE-MRI basis) from 86.95% up to 93.47% and the specificity from 91.22% to 96.49% in detection of malignancy with PPV of 95.55% in comparison to 86.95% for enhancement kinetics alone, which would have avoided biopsy for 10.5% (6/57) of benign lesions without missing any cancers. Conclusion: DWI shows potential for improving the PPV of breast MRI for detection of malignant breast lesions. Recommendation: Furthermore, larger studies should be made to use it as a monitor for tumor response to chemotherapy. KEYWORDS: Apparent diffusion coefficient, Breast, Diffusion-weighted MRI, Magnetic resonance mammography, MRM, Positive predictive value

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is considered the fifth valuable legume in terms of worldwide economic stand point. It is planted in southern and western area of Asia and Mediterranean. Aim: This study was undertaken to study the effect of supplementation of wheat flour with different percentages of chickpea (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 %) on the chemical composition, physical and organoleptic properties of biscuits and cakes. Methods: Cake and biscuits were prepared using different percentage of chickpea flour. Substitute the wheat flour in their formula. Chemical composition, physical measurements as well as sensory evaluation were carried out on the tested samples. Results: The results showed that chickpea flour is a good source of protein (22.82%), crude fiber (2.90%) and ash (3.33%). Also, chickpea is rich in potassium, magnesium and iron. Supplementation of wheat flour with chickpea flours in biscuits results in increasing protein, lipid, fiber and ash. The specific volume were in the range of (38.83 – 44.13cc/gm), specific lightness were in the range of (41-25 cc/gm.) and spread factor ranged between (100-114.21%) for control samples and biscuits that contain 30 % of the chick pea flour. This biscuit which contain chickpea flour at all the supplement ratio were accepted by the panelist. The cake prepared with supplementation of wheat flour with chickpea flours at different percentage (5, 10, 15, 20, 30%) had a higher protein, lipid, crude fiber and ash content with less percentage of carbohydrates. Increasing the ratio of chickpea flours in cake has led to a slight increase in volume and specific gravity. Sensory evaluation of the cake was accepted at all the different supplementation ratios of chickpea with the higher score for the cake samples that contain chickpea flours at ratio 10 -15%. Conclusion: Generally prepared cake and biscuits samples with chickpea flour as a supplement to wheat flour in their formula lead to increasing protein, crude fiber and mineral content with improving the physical properties and organoleptic characteristics.

Forty patients ASAI, II undergoing vitrectomy due to vitreous hemorrhage not associated with retinal detach-ment were divided into two groups randomly, each of them with 20 patients. In Control group patients received local anaesthetic only, while Fentanyl group receive 20 mcg fentanyl added to local anaesthetic, the onset and duration of lid and globe akinesia were assessed at 1,3,5 and 10 min. Postoperative VAS was recorded each hour up to 6 th hour. The results show statistically significant difference between the two groups in the onset of lid akinesia. Fentanyl group had faster onset of lid akinesia and had significantly longer duration of akinesia (196.5 ± 14.24 min). There is statistically significant difference between the two groups in the onset of globe akinesia at 3, 5 min. Fentanyl group had faster onset than Control group and had longer duration of globe akinesia (294 ± 17.89 min). Fentanyl group had prolonged duration of analgesia 3.25+ 0.67 hr as compared to 1.85+ 0.67 in Control group, P=0.00 postoperatively. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups as regard the mean VAS in 1,2,3,4 hours, Fentanyl group had lower median pain score than Control group. Addition of fentanyl to local anaesthetic mixtures fasters the onset and prolong the duration of akinesia and improve quality of postoperative pain in peribulbar block.

To determine whether human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with schistosomal and hepatitis C virus infections in Egypt, we surveyed 965 rural household participants who had been tested for HHV-8 and schistosomal infection (seroprevalence 14.2% and 68.6%, respectively, among those 10 lifetime injections, and hepatitis C virus seropositivity. In adjusted analyses, HHV-8 seropositivity was associated with dental treatment among men (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–5.2) and hepatitis C virus seropositivity among women (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–7.9). HHV-8 association with antischistosomal antibodies was not significant for men (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.3–16.4), but marginal for women (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.5). Our findings suggest salivary and possible nosocomial HHV-8 transmission in rural Egypt.