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3. Techno-economic Analysis Conversion of Empty and Partially Filled Paddy Grain Waste into Glucose through Bioconversion Route.

Author

Ain Abu Bakar, Nurul, Roslan, Ahmad Muhaimin, Hassan, Mohd Ali, Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Daaniyall, and Mohamad, Rozyanti

Subjects
INTERNAL rate of return, NET present value, ECONOMIC indicators, SENSITIVE plant, PLANT performance
Abstract

Waste generated from Malaysia's paddy milling factories, known as empty and partially filled paddy grain (EPFG), has been improperly managed as it can be further utilized for sustainable resources such as feedstock via biorefinery. However, the critical driver for a biorefinery is whether the proposed design is profitable. In this study, the conversion of EPFG into glucose as an alternative to sustainable management was analysed in terms of their economic performance as feedstock. The process design involved the production of non-concentrated glucose from EPFG using hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic process, which led to the 76% conversion yield. The economic performance for the plant is at 1.04 million USD, 46.9%, and 34.3% for net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI), and internal rate return (IRR), respectively. The minimum sugar selling price (MSSP), when zero NPV, is at 0.42 $/kg when the co-product revenue is considered. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the MSSP is highly sensitive to plant size. This economic evaluation serves as an introductory guide to assess the economic performance of paddy milling waste to glucose via enzymatic hydrolysis. The results of the present study could provide insight for the Malaysian paddy industry in managing the EPFG, hence increasing their market potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Structural modification of empty and partially filled paddy grain through hydrothermal pre-treatment as a novel substrate for fermentable glucose production

Author

Abu Bakar, Nurul Ain, Roslan, Ahmad Muhaimin, Hassan, Mohd Ali, Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Daaniyall, Mohamad, Rozyanti, Ibrahim, Khairul Nadiah, Abu Bakar, Nurul Ain, Roslan, Ahmad Muhaimin, Hassan, Mohd Ali, Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Daaniyall, Mohamad, Rozyanti, and Ibrahim, Khairul Nadiah

Abstract

In this study, two conditions of empty and partially filled paddy grain (EPFG) (unground and ground) are pre-treated using a mild hydrothermal process at 120 °C at 30–120 min. The pre-treatment condition which shows potential structural changes for sugar conversion (gelatinization of starch, reduction of hemicellulose to 11.8%, and increased in cellulose to 43.3%) involves combination of dry grinding and hydrothermal pre-treatment at 60 min. In this condition, the starch and sugars released in the liquid fraction is high at 127 and 37.1 mg g−1, respectively, which can easily be converted into glucose without the need of enzyme usage. The effectiveness of the pre-treatment on EPFG structural changes is further confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), showing disruption of structures leading to amorphous biomass. Glucose production of pre-treated ground EPFG (G-EPFG) shows higher value at 30.13 g L−1 for 10% solid loading than the untreated samples. Overall, the results suggest that EPFG produced as waste in paddy milling factories can be a potential feedstock for a biorefinery based on the findings and processes derived from this study.

Published
2022

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