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Anaerobic co-digestion offers a promising approach to enhancing biogas production from surplus by-products of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and agricultural waste while reducing environmental negative impact. This study investigated the co-digestion of anaerobic thickened sewage sludge (ATSS) and rice straw (RS) under mesophilic conditions (35 ± 1 °C). In phase 1 of the experiment, lab-scale reactors with varying MRs of RS (0 %, 4 %, 8 %, and 16 % based on sludge weight) were employed to determine the optimal MR for maximizing biogas quantity and methane content. Phase 2 examined the impact of mechanical mixing (MM) on biogas production, pathogen and trace element reduction, and the calorific value (CV) of the co-digested mixture compared to the digested thickened sludge (DTS) and RS individually to assess the potential energy of co-digestion. Results revealed that the 8 % MR yielded the highest biogas volume, approximately 2.5 times that of the DTS alone, with methane and carbon dioxide contents within the typical ranges. MM in phase 2 further increased biogas volume by 2.8 times compared to DTS. The CV of the co-digested mixture was 24,937 kJ/kg and 21,929 kJ/kg for the DTS. Pathogens were effectively eliminated, and trace elements remained below the permissible limits. The 8 % MR with MM was identified as the optimal MR that produces the highest biogas quantity before reaching the turning point. Moreover, co-digestion at this MR enhanced the CV of ATSS by 14 %.

Anaerobic co-digestion offers a promising approach to enhancing biogas production from surplus by-products of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and agricultural waste while reducing environmental negative impact. This study investigated the co-digestion of anaerobic thickened sewage sludge (ATSS) and rice straw (RS) under mesophilic conditions (35 ± 1 °C). In phase 1 of the experiment, lab-scale reactors with varying MRs of RS (0 %, 4 %, 8 %, and 16 % based on sludge weight) were employed to determine the optimal MR for maximizing biogas quantity and methane content. Phase 2 examined the impact of mechanical mixing (MM) on biogas production, pathogen and trace element reduction, and the calorific value (CV) of the co-digested mixture compared to the digested thickened sludge (DTS) and RS individually to assess the potential energy of co-digestion. Results revealed that the 8 % MR yielded the highest biogas volume, approximately 2.5 times that of the DTS alone, with methane and carbon dioxide contents within the typical ranges. MM in phase 2 further increased biogas volume by 2.8 times compared to DTS. The CV of the co-digested mixture was 24,937 kJ/kg and 21,929 kJ/kg for the DTS. Pathogens were effectively eliminated, and trace elements remained below the permissible limits. The 8 % MR with MM was identified as the optimal MR that produces the highest biogas quantity before reaching the turning point. Moreover, co-digestion at this MR enhanced the CV of ATSS by 14 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]