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Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms leading to immunization through the use of a multicomponent bacterial immunomodulator and to find out the relationship between the TLR 4 receptor with selected parameters of innate immunity and to acquire immunity. The study was conducted on 18 Polish Pony Horses foals divided into two study groups: control (n = 9) and experimental (n = 9). Foals from the experimental group received intramuscular duplicate injection of 5 ml of multi-component bacterial immunomodular at 35 and 40 days of age. RNA isolated from venous blood was used to evaluate the expression of TLR4 genes using RT-PCR. Concentration of Il-6, IL-10, IgM and IgG2 was determined by the ELISA method in blood plasma. Immunostimulation had a significant impact on the level of genes expression for TLR4 expression and IL-6 concentration. No effect of stimulation on IgM and IgG2 concentrations was found. The expression of TLR4 genes as well as the levels of interleukins could be modulated by stimulation with a pharmacological agent multi-component bacterial immunomodulator. The experiment demonstrated a strong positive correlation between TLR4 gene expression and IL-6 concentration and between TLR4 gene expression and IgM concentration.

The domestic (homeland, native) populations - breeds of pigs are grown in certain region and/or country as local, primitive breeds. In Poland following 3 pig breeds are considered as native: Pulawska, Zlotnicka White and Zlotnicka Spotted. The aim of this study was the assessment of the quality of meat and traditionally smoked tenderloins obtained from meat of native pigs breeds bred in a traditional way. Meat analysis showed that the highest fat content values were present in Zlotnicka Spotted (4.60 ± 0.33) and White (3.63 ± 0.41) while the lowest in Pulawska (2.78 ± 0.29). Smoked tenderloins shear force differed statistically. The hardness values were the highest for Zlotnicka White (65.66 ± 6.46) and the lowest for Zlotnicka Spotted (33.27 ± 4.12). Similar shear force values were recorded: the highest in Zlotnicka White (51.90 ± 7.11) and the lowest in Zlotnicka Spotted (30.43 ± 5.54). Regardless of the results obtained, meat products have good acceptance of sensory assessment test and low level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We conclude that the meat of Pulawska, Zlotnicka White and Spotted breeds of pigs is a good quality raw material used for production of traditional and regional meat products gaining high sensory scores and good recognition among consumers. The traditionally smoked tenderloins produced from meats of above breeds, were characterized by very good quality parameters.

Simple Summary: Growth traits are important parameters in husbandry. Especially for meat-type animals, understanding the genetic background and identifying naturally occurring polymorphisms can enhance production. Also, meat quality is a very important factor for food processing and consumers. In this study, we analyse IGFBP genes for possible polymorphisms that may influence growth traits and/or meat quality traits in rabbits. We found one polymorphism that influences the pH value, one of the most important indicators of meat quality, and therefore, this polymorphism may be used in the selection process. Rabbits are important livestock animals, popular for their nutritional value. Nowadays, the molecular background of traits influencing the quality of meat and meat products is in high demand. Therefore, in the current study, we analyse the sequences of IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, and IGFBP6 for possible polymorphisms. Based on a bioinformatics analysis in an association study on 466 animals of different breeds (New Zealand White × Flemish Giant crossbreed (9NZWxFG), Termond White (TW), Popielno White (PW), and Flemish Giant (FG)), we analyse the influence of five polymorphisms within the IGFBP genes. Statistically significant differences were found among the carcass and meat quality traits but not for all of the analysed rabbit breeds. The most promising polymorphism was g.158093018A>T within the IGFBP5 gene. The values of pH24 of m.longissimus lumborum (m.l.l.) and biceps femoris muscles (m.b.f.) were higher for the AT genotypes compared to the AA genotypes for the TW and NZWxFG crossbreeds. Also, for pH24, we found differences in ing.41594308T>C for NZWxFG, where the TT genotype values were higher than the TC values. We found differences in L*24 on m.l.l. for g.41592248A>C for NZWxFG. For m.b.f., significant differences were found in b*45 for g.3431insAC in the FG population and a*45 for g.41592248A>C and g.158093018A>T in the TW population. The shear force statistically differed for g.158093018A>T in TW rabbits and g.41592248A>C for NZWxFG. We conclude that this polymorphism may be promising for better quality rabbit meat and may be implemented in selection processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of heavy metals in the mammary gland secretions of mares should be tested not only because of the possibility of human consumption of mare's milk, but also because these elements influence the development of foals in the suckling period and later in adolescence. The aim of the research was to assess the dependence of the concentration of heavy metals in mammary gland secretions on the age of the mare. The study was carried out on 16 Thoroughbred mares. Mares aged 4 to 19 years were divided into 2 research groups: Group Y - young mares = 10 years of age (n = 8) and Group O - mares older than 10 years of age (n = 8) The experimental material consisted of colostrum collected up to 12 hours after delivery and milk collected on the 3rd day after foaling. The concentrations of metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Pb, and Cd) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (Unicam 929 AAS spectrometer). All elements (Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Cd) analysed in the colostrum showed higher concentrations in young mares. Highly significant differences were noted for Ni and Cd and significant differences for Fe. The statistical analysis showed highly significant differences for milk Cu content between older and young mares; highly significant differences for Cu and Cd and significant differences for Zn between the milk and colostrum of older mares; and highly significant differences for Cu and significant differences for Cd between the milk and colostrum of younger mares. Lead (Pb) was not detected in the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A number of studies on using both three-dimensional printing and virtual models in assessment of aortic coarctation have been published, yet none of them uses virtual modelling as a planning tool in a blind retrospective analysis., Aim: Assessment of virtual modelling and virtual reality in planning interventional treatment of aortic coarctation., Material and Methods: The study involved computed tomography scans of 20 patients performed prior to interventional treatment of aortic coarctation, which were used to create a virtual three-dimensional model of the aorta in Materialise Mimics. A group of potential stents was modelled in Materialise 3-Matic and complete simulations were assessed in Mimics Viewer using a virtual reality headset in order to choose an optimal stent, which was later compared with the implanted one., Results: In 5 cases identical or very similar stents were proposed, in 12 cases simulations had slight, potentially avoidable misestimations either in stent length or diameter, and in 3 cases differences were more considerable. Overall, in 14 cases the location of the stent was concordant between the simulation and reality and in the remaining 6 cases the simulated stent was located lower than the actual one., Conclusions: The method of computer modelling provided a satisfactory success rate of predicting the possible stents to use during the procedure. Differences in chosen stents may have been caused by individual experience in interventional cardiology, the lack of availability of certain stents in the heart catheterization laboratory, the lack of information about the diameter of the vascular access and differences in dimensions measured on the model, tomography and angiography., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)