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Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and Eustachian tube disorders (ETDs) share the same risk factors. The specific aim of this study was to determine the correlation between these 2 conditions and to determine whether treatments for SDB reduce the risk of ETD. This is a retrospective and large population-based cohort study. According to Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, out of 1,000,000 insured patients, 24,251 patients were newly diagnosed with SDB from year 2000 through 2009. The control group for this study comprised 96,827 patients without SDB who were randomly selected from the same database at a ratio of 1:4, frequency matched for sex, age, and index year of SDB. The incidence of developing ETD was compared between these 2 groups; the main covariates were demographic data, interventions, and medical comorbidities. There was an increased risk of developing ETD among the SDB cohort compared with the control group (hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval = 1.41–1.63). Compared with SDB patients who did not receive treatment, those who received the treatment, that is, pharyngeal or nasal surgery, CPAP, or multiple modalities (both surgery and CPAP), had a significantly reduced risk of developing ETD. This study showed that patients with SDB are at an increased risk of developing ETD and other comorbidities. The risk of developing ETD can be reduced by implementing prompt treatment for SDB. Multidisciplinary evaluation including ETD should be conducted in the management of patients presenting with SDB.

Objective: Previous research has shown the usefulness of utilizing auditory chimeras (i.e., interchanging the envelope and fine structure of two different sounds) in assessing a listener’s perception of the envelope and fine structure for an acoustic stimulus. However, research comparing and contrasting behavioral and electrophysiological responses to this stimulus type is scarce. Design: Two sets of chimeric stimuli were constructed by interchanging the envelopes and fine-structures of the rising /yi2/ and falling /yi4/ Mandarin pitch contours that were filtered through 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 frequency banks. Behavioral pitch-perception tasks (through a single-interval, two-alternative, forced-choice paradigm) and electrophysiological responses (through the frequency-following response to voice pitch using validated scalp-recorded potential methods) were obtained from two groups of participants (native speakers of a tonal or nontonal language). Study Sample: Thirteen American and 13 Chinese adults were recruited. Results: A two-way analysis of variance showed significance (p