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Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common problem in children. Mostly it is functional, but due to recent advanced diagnostic technologies more organic causes are identifying. Among the organic causes Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common, especially in developing countries. Early detection and treatment of this infection may prevent some serious gastrointestinal problems in later age. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of H. pylori infection as a cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among the children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in the pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Department of Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute in Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters were recorded in a standard data sheet. All the participants underwent to upper GI endoscopy and gastric biopsy were taken in all the patients. Rapid urease test and histopathology of gastric biopsy samples were done to confirm H. pylori infection. Collected data were checked manually and analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Association of parameters with infection were done by unpaired t-test, chi-square test and fisher’s exact test. Results: Helicobacter pylori infection in children with RAP was 35.7%. Mean age of the infected children was 9.49±2.47 years with male (52%) predominance. There was significant association of infection with lower socioeconomic class (p=0.003). Patients with RAP for>6 months’ duration were significantly associated with infection (p=0.003). Family size and source of drinking water had no effect on results. Most of the RAP patients with positive infection had poor growth (p=0.003). Pallor, abdominal tenderness or vomiting were not significantly associated clinical manifestations of H. pylori infection. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection is ....

not available DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(2): 140-142

Academic and business interest in sustainability and green practice has grown up considerably in recent years. Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation are the two most researched issues in the SME sector. Instead, the business has proven a direct and indirect effect on our mother nature, which is not in favour of the environment. Even the SME sector and environmental issues are very closely related to upcoming challenges and opportunities for Bangladesh. So depending on previous studies, this paper presented a way of the better environmental performance of the SME sector that is positively influenced by green entrepreneurial orientation. Side of that, this paper also focused on the mediating effect of green market orientation. The main purpose of this paper can divide into two categories. One is a details literature view on the topics, and another is a conceptual framework for this research field. This study provides insights and suggestions from previous researches for government and a related organization, including business firms of the SME sector. The study also covers the significant outlines and reviews in this field. Further, it explores specific features of green practices in SME as well as limitations of present research; but it helps to stimulate further study.