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2. Studying science denial with a complex problem-solving task

Author

Sulik, Justin and McKay, Ryan

Subjects
cognitive science
Abstract

Explanations of science denial rooted in individual cognition tend to focus on general trait-like factors such as cognitive style, conspiracist ideation or delusional ideation. However, we argue that this focus typically glosses over the concrete, mechanistic elements of belief formation, such as hypothesis generation, data gathering, or hypothesis evaluation. We show, empirically, that such elements predict variance in science denial not accounted for by cognitive style, even after accounting for social factors such as political ideology. We conclude that a cognitive account of science denial would benefit from the study of complex (i.e., open-ended, multi-stage) problem solving that incorporates these mechanistic elements.

Published
2021

3. The contingency illusion bias as a potential driver of science denial

Author

Sulik, Justin, Ross, Rob, and McKay, Ryan

Subjects
science denial, individual differences, causal illu-sion, misbelief, analytic style
Abstract

Science denial is a pressing social problem, contributing toinactivity in the face of climate change, or to a resurgencein outbreaks of preventable diseases. Cognitive factors are asignificant driver of science denial, in addition to social fac-tors such as political ideology. Biases pertaining to judgmentsof contingency (i.e., inferring causal relationships where noneexist) have been associated with misbeliefs, such as belief inthe paranormal and conspiracy theories. Here, we examinewhether contingency biases likewise predict science denial.We show that (a) various tasks used to study relevant biases doin fact load on a single latent ‘contingency illusion’ factor; (b)this contingency illusion bias is associated with increased sci-ence denial; (c) the contingency illusion bias mediates the re-lationship between intuitive (vs. analytic) cognitive style andscience denial; and (d) this holds even when accounting forpolitical ideology.

Published
2020

4. Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Shevlin, Mark, Butter, Sarah, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Todd K., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas VA, Bennett, Kate M, Hyland, Philip, Vallieres, Frédérique, Valiente, Carmen, Vazquez, Carmelo, Contreras, Alba, Peinado, Vanesa, Trucharte, Almudena, Bertamini, Marco, Panzeri, Anna, Bruno, Giovanni, Granziol, Umberto, Mignemi, Giuseppe, Spoto, Andrea, Vidotto, Giulio, and Bentall, Richard P.

Published
2022
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5. ‘It’s More Fun With My Phone’:A Replication Study of Cell Phone Presence and Task Performance

Author

Lyngs, Ulrik and McKay, Ryan

Subjects
attention, distraction, cell phones, smartphones, effort, task performance
Abstract

From distracted driving, to work focus on a computer,increasing amounts of research is investigating how digitaltechnology influences users’ attention. A couple of widelycited studies have found that the mere presence of cell phonesinterferes with social interactions and cognitive performance,even when not actively in use. These studies have importantimplications but they have not yet been replicated, and alsosuffer from methodological shortcomings and lack ofestablished theoretical frameworks to explain the observedeffects. We improved the methodology used in a previousstudy of phone presence and task performance (Thornton,Faires, Robbins, & Rollins, 2014), while testing an‘opportunity cost’ model of mental effort and attention(Kurzban, Duckworth, Kable, & Myers, 2013). We wereunable to replicate Thornton et al.’s finding that presence ofcell phones reduces performance in a specific cognitive task(additive digit cancellation). Moreover, contrary to ourexpectations, we found that participants who used theirphones more, and who were more attached to them, found thetasks more fun/exciting and effortless, if they completed themwith their phone present.

Published
2017

6. Do forgiving God primes strengthen support for state sanctioned punishment?

Author

O’Lone, Katherine and McKay, Ryan

Abstract

Do forgiving God primes strengthen support for state-sanctioned punishment?Laurin et al (2012) found that beliefs in powerful, intervening Gods (both in general and when made salient) reduce people’sendorsement of state-sanctioned punishment. In light of this, we investigated whether the manner in which God intervenes (viaforgiveness or punishment) influences people’s endorsement of state-sanctioned punishment.Across four studies we explored a) whether priming participants with a forgiving God and b) whether salient, forgiving Godbeliefs increase endorsements of state-sanctioned punishment. The rationale being that a forgiving God will lead people toview punishment as a responsibility that lies with them rather than one outsourced to God. Our results revealed no evidence foreffects of forgiving God primes or salient forgiving god beliefs on endorsements of state-sanctioned punishment. We discussthe implications of these findings for extant theories of religious prosociality and proportionality-based accounts of morality.

Published
2017

7. Delay discounting and under-valuing of recent information predict poorer adherence to social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Lloyd, Alex, McKay, Ryan, Hartman, Todd K., Vincent, Benjamin T., Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Bennett, Kate, McBride, Orla, Martinez, Anton P., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Vallières, Frédérique, Hyland, Philip, Karatzias, Thanos, Butter, Sarah, Shevlin, Mark, Bentall, Richard P., and Mason, Liam

Published
2021
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8. Generation of T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies with differentiated profiles of cytokine release and biodistribution by CD3 affinity tuning

Author

Haber, Lauric, Olson, Kara, Kelly, Marcus P., Crawford, Alison, DiLillo, David J., Tavaré, Richard, Ullman, Erica, Mao, Shu, Canova, Lauren, Sineshchekova, Olga, Finney, Jennifer, Pawashe, Arpita, Patel, Supriya, McKay, Ryan, Rizvi, Sahar, Damko, Ermelinda, Chiu, Danica, Vazzana, Kristin, Ram, Priyanka, Mohrs, Katja, D’Orvilliers, Amanda, Xiao, Jenny, Makonnen, Sosina, Hickey, Carlos, Arnold, Cody, Giurleo, Jason, Chen, Ya Ping, Thwaites, Courtney, Dudgeon, Drew, Bray, Kevin, Rafique, Ashique, Huang, Tammy, Delfino, Frank, Hermann, Aynur, Kirshner, Jessica R., Retter, Marc W., Babb, Robert, MacDonald, Douglas, Chen, Gang, Olson, William C., Thurston, Gavin, Davis, Samuel, Lin, John C., and Smith, Eric

Published
2021
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11. Predicting resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom: Cross-sectional and longitudinal results

Author

Bennett, Kate M., primary, Panzeri, Anna, additional, Derrer-Merk, Elfriede, additional, Butter, Sarah, additional, Hartman, Todd K., additional, Mason, Liam, additional, McBride, Orla, additional, Murphy, Jamie, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Martinez, Anton P., additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Lloyd, Alex, additional, Stocks, Thomas V. A., additional, Bottesi, Gioa, additional, Vidotto, Giulo, additional, Bentall, Richard P., additional, and Bertamini, Marco, additional

Published
2023
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15. A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

Author

Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan

Abstract

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N = 10, 535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported beta = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported beta = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates.

Published
2023

16. An 18‐month follow‐up of the Covid‐19 psychology research consortium study panel: Survey design and fieldwork procedures for Wave 6

Author

McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Martinez, Anton P., Shevlin, Mark, Murphy, Jamie, Hartman, Todd K., McKay, Ryan, Hyland, Philip, Bennett, Kate M., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Bentall, Richard P., McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Martinez, Anton P., Shevlin, Mark, Murphy, Jamie, Hartman, Todd K., McKay, Ryan, Hyland, Philip, Bennett, Kate M., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Objectives: Established in March 2020, the C19PRC Study monitors the psychological and socio-economic impact of the pandemic in the UK and other countries. This paper describes the protocol for Wave 6 (August-September 2021). Methods: The survey assessed: COVID-19 related experiences; experiences of common mental health disorders; psychological characteristics; and social and political attitudes. Adult participants from any previous wave (N = 3170) were re-invited, and sample replenishment procedures helped manage attrition. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the on-going original panel (from baseline) was nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, amongst other factors. Results: 1643 adults were re-interviewed at Wave 6 (51.8% retention rate). Non-participation was higher younger adults, those born outside UK, and adults living in cities. Of the adults recruited at baseline, 54.3% (N = 1100) participated in Wave 6. New respondent (N = 415) entered the panel at this wave, resulting in cross-sectional sample for Wave 6 of 2058 adults. The raking procedure re-balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1.3% of population estimates for selected socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusions: This paper outlines the growing strength of the publicly available C19PRC Study data for COVID-19-related interdisciplinary research.

Published
2023

18. An 18‐month follow‐up of the Covid‐19 psychology research consortium study panel: Survey design and fieldwork procedures for Wave 6

Author

McBride, Orla, primary, Butter, Sarah, additional, Martinez, Anton P., additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Murphy, Jamie, additional, Hartman, Todd K., additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, Bennett, Kate M., additional, Stocks, Thomas V. A., additional, Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Mason, Liam, additional, and Bentall, Richard P., additional

Published
2022
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19. Tracking the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK: A methodological report from Wave 5 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study

Author

McBride, Orla, primary, Butter, Sarah, additional, Murphy, Jamie, additional, Hartman, Todd K., additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Bennett, Kate M., additional, Stocks, Thomas V. A., additional, Lloyd, Alex, additional, Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Mason, Liam, additional, Martinez, Anton P., additional, Vallières, Frédérique, additional, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, and Bentall, Richard P., additional

Published
2022
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20. Abstract 1084: FlexBodies: Targeting intracellular tumor antigens with T cell redirecting bispecific antibodies

Author

Haber, Lauric, primary, McKay, ryan, additional, Finney, jennifer, additional, castaneda, stephen, additional, spitler, kristen, additional, Rizvi, sahar, additional, Hwang, aidan, additional, Bray, kevin, additional, Ramos, willy, additional, Krueger, pamela, additional, delfino, frank, additional, Meagher, Craig, additional, huang, tammy, additional, shen, yang, additional, olson, william, additional, Lin, john, additional, and smith, eric, additional

Published
2022
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22. Design, content, and fieldwork procedures of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study – Wave 4

Author

McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Hartman, Todd K., Bennett, Kate M., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Lloyd, Alex, McKay, Ryan, Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., Hyland, Philip, Vallières, Frédérique, Karatzias, Thanos, Valiente, Carmen, Vazquez, Carmelo, Bentall, Richard P., McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Hartman, Todd K., Bennett, Kate M., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Lloyd, Alex, McKay, Ryan, Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., Hyland, Philip, Vallières, Frédérique, Karatzias, Thanos, Valiente, Carmen, Vazquez, Carmelo, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Objectives: This paper outlines fieldwork procedures for Wave 4 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study in the UK during November–December 2020. Methods: Respondents provided data on socio‐political attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours, and mental health disorders (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress). In Phase 1, adults (N = 2878) were reinvited to participate. At Phase 2, new recruitment: (i) replenished the longitudinal strand to account for attrition; and (ii) oversampled from the devolved UK nations to facilitate robust between‐country analyses for core study outcomes. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was representative of the baseline sample characteristics. Results: In Phase 1, 1796 adults were successfully recontacted and provided full interviews at Wave 4 (62.4% retention rate). In Phase 2, 292 new respondents were recruited to replenish the panel, as well as 1779 adults from Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, who were representative of the socio‐political composition of the adult populations in these nations. The raking procedure successfully re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1% of population estimates for selected socio‐ demographic characteristics. Conclusion: The C19PRC Study offers a unique opportunity to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic

Published
2022

23. Modelling the complexity of pandemic-related lifestyle quality change and mental health: an analysis of a nationally representative UK general population sample

Author

Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Hyland, Philip, McBride, Orla, Shevlin, Mark, Hartman, Todd K., Bennett, Kate, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Martinez, Anton P., Mason, Liam, McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas V. A., Vallières, Frédérique, Bentall, Richard P., Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Hyland, Philip, McBride, Orla, Shevlin, Mark, Hartman, Todd K., Bennett, Kate, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Martinez, Anton P., Mason, Liam, McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas V. A., Vallières, Frédérique, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way many individuals go about their daily lives. This study attempted to model the complexity of change in lifestyle quality as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its context within the UK adult population. Methods Data from the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (Wave 3, July 2020; N=1166) were utilised. A measure of COVID-19-related lifestyle change captured how individuals’ lifestyle quality had been altered as a consequence of the pandemic. Exploratory factor analysis and latent profile analysis were used to identify distinct lifestyle quality change subgroups, while multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to describe class membership. Results Five lifestyle dimensions, reflecting partner relationships, health, family and friend relations, personal and social activities, and work life, were identified by the EFA, and seven classes characterised by distinct patterns of change across these dimensions emerged from the LPA: (1) better overall (3.3%), (2) worse except partner relations (6.0%), (3) worse overall (2.5%), (4) better relationships (9.5%), (5) better except partner relations (4.3%), (6) no different (67.9%), and (7) worse partner relations only (6.5%). Predictor variables differentiated membership of classes. Notably, classes 3 and 7 were associated with poorer mental health (COVID-19 related PTSD and suicidal ideation). Conclusions Four months into the pandemic, most individuals’ lifestyle quality remained largely unaffected by the crisis. Concerningly however, a substantial minority (15%) experienced worsened lifestyles compared to before the pandemic. In particular, a pronounced deterioration in partner relations seemed to constitute the more severe pandemic-related lifestyle change.

Published
2022

24. Testing both affordability-availability and psychological-coping mechanisms underlying changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Picone, Gabriel A., McBride, Orla, Bunting, Eimhear, Harkin, Oisín, Butter, Sarah, Shevlin, Mark, Murphy, Jamie, Mason, Liam, Hartman, Todd K., McKay, Ryan, Hyland, Philip, Levita, Liat, Bennett, Kate M., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Martinez, Anton P., Vallières, Frédérique, Bentall, Richard P., Picone, Gabriel A., McBride, Orla, Bunting, Eimhear, Harkin, Oisín, Butter, Sarah, Shevlin, Mark, Murphy, Jamie, Mason, Liam, Hartman, Todd K., McKay, Ryan, Hyland, Philip, Levita, Liat, Bennett, Kate M., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Martinez, Anton P., Vallières, Frédérique, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Two theoretical perspectives have been proffered to explain changes in alcohol use during the pandemic: the 'affordability-availability' mechanism (i.e., drinking decreases due to changes in physical availability and/or reduced disposable income) and the 'psychological-coping' mechanism (i.e., drinking increases as adults attempt to cope with pandemic-related distress). We tested these alternative perspectives via longitudinal analyses of the COVID-19 Psychological Consortium (C19PRC) Study data (spanning three timepoints during March to July 2020). Respondents provided data on psychological measures (e.g., anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, paranoia, extraversion, neuroticism, death anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, resilience), changes in socio-economic circumstances (e.g., income loss, reduced working hours), drinking motives, solitary drinking, and 'at-risk' drinking (assessed using a modified version of the AUDIT-C). Structural equation modelling was used to determine (i) whether 'at-risk' drinking during the pandemic differed from that recalled before the pandemic, (ii) dimensions of drinking motives and the psychosocial correlates of these dimensions, (iii) if increased alcohol consumption was predicted by drinking motives, solitary drinking, and socio-economic changes. The proportion of adults who recalled engaging in 'at-risk' drinking decreased significantly from 35.9% pre-pandemic to 32.0% during the pandemic. Drinking to cope was uniquely predicted by experiences of anxiety and/or depression and low resilience levels. Income loss or reduced working hours were not associated with coping, social enhancement, or conformity drinking motives, nor changes in drinking during lockdown. In the earliest stage of the pandemic, psychological-coping mechanisms may have been a stronger driver to changes in adults' alcohol use than 'affordability-availability' alone.

Published
2022

25. Tracking the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK: A methodological report from Wave 5 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study

Author

McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Hartman, Todd K., McKay, Ryan, Hyland, Philip, Shevlin, Mark, Bennett, Kate M., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Lloyd, Alex, Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., Vallières, Frédérique, Karatzias, Thanos, Bentall, Richard P., McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Hartman, Todd K., McKay, Ryan, Hyland, Philip, Shevlin, Mark, Bennett, Kate M., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Lloyd, Alex, Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., Vallières, Frédérique, Karatzias, Thanos, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Objectives The COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study was established in March 2020 to monitor the psychological and socio-economic impact of the pandemic in the UK and other countries. This paper describes the protocol for Wave 5 (March–April 2021). Methods The survey assessed: COVID-19 related experiences; experiences of common mental health disorders; psychological characteristics; and social and political attitudes. Adults who participated in any previous wave (N = 4949) were re-invited to participate. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, amongst other factors. Results Overall, 2520 adults participated. A total of 2377 adults who participated in the previous survey wave (November–December 2020) were re-interviewed at Wave 5 (61.5% retention rate). Attrition between these two waves was predicted by younger age, lower household income, children living in the household, and treatment for mental health difficulties. Of the adults recruited into the C19PRC study at baseline, 57.4% (N = 1162) participated in Wave 5. The raking procedure re-balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1.5% of population estimates for selected socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion This paper outlines the growing strength of the publicly available C19PRC Study data for COVID-19-related interdisciplinary research.

Published
2022

26. A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

Author

Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan

Abstract

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N = 10, 535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported beta = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported beta = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates.

Published
2022

29. Testing both affordability-availability and psychological-coping mechanisms underlying changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

McBride, Orla, primary, Bunting, Eimhear, additional, Harkin, Oisín, additional, Butter, Sarah, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Murphy, Jamie, additional, Mason, Liam, additional, Hartman, Todd K., additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Bennett, Kate M., additional, Stocks, Thomas V. A., additional, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, additional, Martinez, Anton P., additional, Vallières, Frédérique, additional, and Bentall, Richard P., additional

Published
2022
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30. Sharing data to better understand one of the world's most significant shared experiences: data resource profile of the longitudinal COVID-19 psychological research consortium (C19PRC) study

Author

McBride, Orla, primary, Butter, Sarah, additional, Hartman, Todd, additional, Murphy, Jamie, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Mason, Liam, additional, Martinez, Anton, additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Lloyd, Alex, additional, Stocks, Thomas, additional, Bennett, Kate, additional, Vallières, Frédérique, additional, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, Valiente, Carmen, additional, Vazquez, Carmelo, additional, Contreras Cuevas, Alba, additional, Bertamini, Marco, additional, Panzero, Anna, additional, Bruno, Giovanni, additional, and Bentall, Richard, additional

Published
2022
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32. Additional file 1 of Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Shevlin, Mark, Butter, Sarah, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Todd K., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas VA, Bennett, Kate M, Hyland, Philip, Vallieres, Fr��d��rique, Valiente, Carmen, Vazquez, Carmelo, Contreras, Alba, Peinado, Vanesa, Trucharte, Almudena, Bertamini, Marco, Panzeri, Anna, Bruno, Giovanni, Granziol, Umberto, Mignemi, Giuseppe, Spoto, Andrea, Vidotto, Giulio, and Bentall, Richard P.

Subjects
endocrine system, endocrine system diseases, mental disorders, behavioral disciplines and activities, humanities
Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Standardised Factor Loadings for PHQ-GAD Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Each Country.

Published
2022
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33. Additional file 2 of Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Shevlin, Mark, Butter, Sarah, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Todd K., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas VA, Bennett, Kate M, Hyland, Philip, Vallieres, Fr��d��rique, Valiente, Carmen, Vazquez, Carmelo, Contreras, Alba, Peinado, Vanesa, Trucharte, Almudena, Bertamini, Marco, Panzeri, Anna, Bruno, Giovanni, Granziol, Umberto, Mignemi, Giuseppe, Spoto, Andrea, Vidotto, Giulio, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Additional file 2: Table S2. Shapiro-Wilk Normality Tests for PHQ and GAD-7 Scores for each Country

Published
2022
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35. Design, content, and fieldwork procedures of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study – Wave 4

Author

McBride, Orla, primary, Butter, Sarah, additional, Murphy, Jamie, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Hartman, Todd K., additional, Bennett, Kate M., additional, Stocks, Thomas V. A., additional, Lloyd, Alex, additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Mason, Liam, additional, Martinez, Anton P., additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, Vallières, Frédérique, additional, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, Valiente, Carmen, additional, Vazquez, Carmelo, additional, and Bentall, Richard P., additional

Published
2021
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36. Detecting and describing stability and change in COVID-19 vaccine receptibility in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Author

Hyland, Philip, primary, Vallières, Frédérique, additional, Hartman, Todd K., additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Butter, Sarah, additional, Bentall, Richard P., additional, McBride, Orla, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Bennett, Kate, additional, Mason, Liam, additional, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Martinez, Anton P., additional, Stocks, Thomas V. A., additional, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, and Murphy, Jamie, additional

Published
2021
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37. Context, design and conduct of the longitudinal COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study – Wave 3

Author

McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Hartman, Todd K., Hyland, Philip, McKay, Ryan, Bennett, Kate M., Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., Stocks, Thomas VA, Vallières, Frédérique, Karatzias, Thanos, Valiente, Carmen, Vazquez, Carmelo, and Bentall, Richard P.

Subjects
longitudinal, COVID-19, survey methodology, psychological, general population
Abstract

Objectives: The COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the adult population in multiple countries. This paper describes the third wave of the UK survey (the ‘parent’ strand of the Consortium) during July-August 2020. Methods: Adults (N=2025) who participated in the baseline and/or first follow-up surveys were reinvited to participate in this survey, which assessed: (1) COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours; (2) the occurrence of common mental disorders; as well as the role of (3) psychological factors and (4) social and political attitudes, in influencing the public’s response to the pandemic. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure that the cross-sectional sample is nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, and representative of the baseline sample characteristics for household composition, ethnicity, urbanicity and born/raised in UK. Results: 1166 adults (57.6% of baseline participants) provided full interviews at Wave 3. The raking procedure successfully re-balanced the cross-sectional sample to within 1% of population estimates across selected socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion: This paper demonstrates the strength of the C19PRC Study data to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2021

39. Do religious and moral concepts influence the ability to delay gratification? A priming study

Author

Harrison, Justin Marc David and McKay, Ryan Thomas

Subjects
Religion and state -- Research, Morality -- Research, Psychology and mental health, Science and technology
Abstract

Rounding, Lee, Jacobsen and Ji (2012) reported that priming with religious concepts increases the ability to delay gratification, an interpretation that implies decreased temporal discounting. The required magnitude of such a decrease--to make participants respond in the way Rounding et al. report--is very large, and should be easily detectable. Sixty-nine participants were allocated to religious, secular moral (Fairness) or neutral priming conditions. Temporal discounting rates were estimated for each participant using an 'Equivalent Present Value' procedure prior to and following the sentence unscrambling primes. No effects for priming conditions were detected. With regard to theoretical explanations for the results, we suggest that it is not the ability--but motivation--to delay gratification that is influenced by religious concepts., Modern societies present individuals with continuous conflicts between their immediate desires and the needs of others in their community. While factors such as direct reciprocity and kinship explain cooperation in [...]

Published
2013

40. Different Conspiracy Theories Have Different Psychological and Social Determinants: Comparison of Three Theories About the Origins of the COVID-19 Virus in a Representative Sample of the UK Population

Author

Hartman, Todd K., primary, Marshall, Michael, additional, Stocks, Thomas V. A., additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Bennett, Kate, additional, Butter, Sarah, additional, Gibson Miller, Jilly, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Martinez, Anton P., additional, Mason, Liam, additional, McBride, Orla, additional, Murphy, Jamie, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Vallières, Frédérique, additional, and Bentall, Richard P., additional

Published
2021
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41. Context, design and conduct of the longitudinal COVID‐19 psychological research consortium study–wave 3

Author

McBride, Orla, primary, Butter, Sarah, additional, Murphy, Jamie, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Hartman, Todd K., additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, McKay, Ryan, additional, Bennett, Kate M., additional, Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, additional, Levita, Liat, additional, Mason, Liam, additional, Martinez, Anton P., additional, Stocks, Thomas VA, additional, Vallières, Frédérique, additional, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, Valiente, Carmen, additional, Vazquez, Carmelo, additional, and Bentall, Richard P., additional

Published
2021
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42. Pandemic buying: Testing a psychological model of over-purchasing and panic buying using data from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Sudzina, Frantisek, Bentall, Richard P., Lloyd, Alex, Bennett, Kate, McKay, Ryan, Mason, Liam, Murphy, Jamie, McBride, Orla, Hartman, Todd K., Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Martinez, Anton P., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Butter, Sarah, Vallières, Frédérique, Hyland, Philip, Karatzias, Thanos, and Shevlin, Mark

Subjects
Male, Viral Diseases, Pandemics/economics, Epidemiology, Emotions, Social Sciences, Panic buying, Hoarding, Anxiety, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical Conditions, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Foraging, media_common, Virus Testing, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Animal Behavior, Depression, COVID-19/economics, Stress, Psychological/epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification, 05 social sciences, Middle Aged, Neuroticism, Distress, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Female, Covid-19, Research Article, Adult, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Population, Anxiety/psychology, Models, Psychological, 050105 experimental psychology, Scarcity, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Medicine, Hoarding/psychology, Mental Health and Psychiatry, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, education, Pandemics, Consumer behaviour, Aged, Panic/physiology, Behavior, SARS-CoV-2, Mood Disorders, Biology and Life Sciences, Covid 19, Consumer Behavior, medicine.disease, Panic, United Kingdom, Death anxiety, Medical Risk Factors, Household income, Consumer Behavior/economics, Zoology, Depression/psychology, Ireland, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stress, Psychological, Demography
Abstract

The over-purchasing and hoarding of necessities is a common response to crises, especially in developed economies where there is normally an expectation of plentiful supply. This behaviour was observed internationally during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the absence of actual scarcity, this behaviour can be described as ‘panic buying’ and can lead to temporary shortages. However, there have been few psychological studies of this phenomenon. Here we propose a psychological model of over-purchasing informed by animal foraging theory and make predictions about variables that predict over-purchasing by either exacerbating or mitigating the anticipation of future scarcity. These variables include additional scarcity cues (e.g. loss of income), distress (e.g. depression), psychological factors that draw attention to these cues (e.g. neuroticism) or to reassuring messages (eg. analytical reasoning) or which facilitate over-purchasing (e.g. income). We tested our model in parallel nationally representative internet surveys of the adult general population conducted in the United Kingdom (UK: N = 2025) and the Republic of Ireland (RoI: N = 1041) 52 and 31 days after the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 were detected in the UK and RoI, respectively. About three quarters of participants reported minimal over-purchasing. There was more over-purchasing in RoI vs UK and in urban vs rural areas. When over-purchasing occurred, in both countries it was observed across a wide range of product categories and was accounted for by a single latent factor. It was positively predicted by household income, the presence of children at home, psychological distress (depression, death anxiety), threat sensitivity (right wing authoritarianism) and mistrust of others (paranoia). Analytic reasoning ability had an inhibitory effect. Predictor variables accounted for 36% and 34% of the variance in over-purchasing in the UK and RoI respectively. With some caveats, the data supported our model and points to strategies to mitigate over-purchasing in future crises.

Published
2021

43. Detecting and describing stability and change in COVID-19 vaccine receptibility in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Author

Tanimoto, Jun, Hyland, Philip, Vallières, Frédérique, Hartman, Todd K., McKay, Ryan, Butter, Sarah, Bentall, Richard P., McBride, Orla, Shevlin, Mark, Bennett, Kate, Mason, Liam, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Martinez, Anton P., Stocks, Thomas V. A., Karatzias, Thanos, and Murphy, Jamie

Subjects
Male, Viral Diseases, European People, Science and Technology Workforce, Time Factors, COVID-19 vaccination, Epidemiology, Careers in Research, Geographical locations, Medical Conditions, vaccine hesitance, Pandemic, Medicine and Health Sciences, Ethnicities, Public and Occupational Health, Longitudinal Studies, Young adult, media_common, education.field_of_study, Vaccines, Multidisciplinary, Distrust, Politics, Middle Aged, Vaccination and Immunization, Vaccination, Europe, Professions, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Female, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, COVID-19 Vaccines, Infectious Disease Control, Adolescent, Science Policy, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Population, Immunology, Resistance (psychoanalysis), Young Adult, Political science, Vaccine Development, medicine, Humans, European Union, Irish People, education, Pandemics, Aged, Public health, Biology and Life Sciences, COVID-19, Covid 19, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, vaccine resistance, United Kingdom, Socioeconomic Factors, People and Places, Scientists, Population Groupings, Preventive Medicine, Ireland, Demography
Abstract

COVID-19 continues to pose a threat to global public health. Multiple safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are available with one-third of the global population now vaccinated. Achieving a sufficient level of vaccine coverage to suppress COVID-19 requires, in part, sufficient acceptance among the public. However, relatively high rates of hesitance and resistance to COVID-19 vaccination persists, threating public health efforts to achieve vaccine-induced population protection. In this study, we examined longitudinal changes in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitance, and resistance in two nations (the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) during the first nine months of the pandemic, and identified individual and psychological factors associated with consistent non-acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Using nationally representative, longitudinal data from the United Kingdom (UK; N = 2025) and Ireland (N = 1041), we found that (1) COVID-19 vaccine acceptance declined in the UK and remained unchanged in Ireland following the emergence of approved vaccines; (2) multiple subgroups existed reflecting people who were consistently willing to be vaccinated (‘Accepters’: 68% in the UK and 61% in Ireland), consistently unwilling to be vaccinated (‘Deniers’: 12% in the UK and 16% in Ireland), and who fluctuated over time (‘Moveable Middle’: 20% in the UK and 23% in Ireland); and (3) the ‘deniers’ and ‘moveable middle’ were distinguishable from the ‘accepters’ on a range of individual (e.g., younger, low income, living alone) and psychological (e.g., distrust of scientists and doctors, conspiracy mindedness) factors. The use of two high-income, Western European nations limits the generalizability of these findings. Nevertheless, understanding how receptibility to COVID-19 vaccination changes as the pandemic unfolds, and the factors that distinguish and characterise those that are hesitant and resistant to vaccination is helpful for public health efforts to achieve vaccine-induced population protection against COVID-19.

Published
2021

44. Different Conspiracy Theories Have Different Psychological and Social Determinants: Comparison of Three Theories About the Origins of the COVID-19 Virus in a Representative Sample of the UK Population

Author

Hartman, Todd K., Marshall, Michael, Stocks, Thomas V. A., McKay, Ryan, Bennett, Kate, Butter, Sarah, Gibson Miller, Jilly, Hyland, Philip, Levita, Liat, Martinez, Anton P., Mason, Liam, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Vallières, Frédérique, Bentall, Richard P., Hartman, Todd K., Marshall, Michael, Stocks, Thomas V. A., McKay, Ryan, Bennett, Kate, Butter, Sarah, Gibson Miller, Jilly, Hyland, Philip, Levita, Liat, Martinez, Anton P., Mason, Liam, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Vallières, Frédérique, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

COVID-19 conspiracy theories have proliferated during the global pandemic, and their rapid spread among certain groups may jeopardize the public health response (e.g., undermining motivation to engage in social distancing and willingness to vaccinate against the virus). Using survey data from two waves of a nationally representative, longitudinal study of life in lockdown in the United Kingdom (N 1,406), we analyze the factors associated with belief in three origin theories related to COVID-19, namely that it 1) originated in a meat market in Wuhan, China; 2) was developed in a lab in Wuhan, China; and 3) is caused by 5G mobile networks. Our findings suggest that political-psychological predispositions are strongly associated with belief in conspiracy theories about the virus, though the direction and effect sizes of these predictors vary depending on the specific content of each origin theory. For instance, belief in the Chinese lab conspiracy theory is strongly associated with right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), and general conspiracy ideation, as well as less reliable news sources, distrust in scientists, and anxiety about the pandemic. Belief in the 5G network conspiracy theory is strongly associated with SDO, distrust in scientists, while less strongly with conspiracy ideation and information from social networks/media; RWA is strongly negatively associated with belief in the 5G conspiracy theory, with older and more wealthy individuals somewhat less likely to endorse it. The meat market origin theory is predicted by intolerance of uncertainty, ethnocentrism, COVID-19 anxiety, and less so by higher income, while distrust in scientists is negatively associated with this origin story. Finally, belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories is associated with negative public health behaviors such as unwillingness to social distance and vaccinate against the virus. Crucially, our findings suggest that the specific content of COVID-19 cons

Published
2021

45. Psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are heterogeneous but have stabilised over time: 1 year longitudinal follow-up of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) study

Author

Shevlin, Mark, Butter, Sarah, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Todd K., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas V. A., Bennett, Kate M., Hyland, Philip, Vallieres, Frédérique, Bentall, Richard P., Shevlin, Mark, Butter, Sarah, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Todd K., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas V. A., Bennett, Kate M., Hyland, Philip, Vallieres, Frédérique, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Shevlin et al. (2021) recently demonstrated heterogeneity in mental health responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic over time from a nationally representative sample of UK adults (March–July 2020). Five subpopulations representing either stability, deterioration or improvement in both anxiety-depression and COVID-19 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were identified. The majority of the sample were characterised by low levels of anxiety-depression (56.6%) and COVID-19 traumatic stress (68.3%) during this early phase of the pandemic but some showed deterioration and some showed mental health benefits. Here, we extend these findings using two additional survey waves from the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) study, thereby modelling mental health trajectories for the UK population within the entire first year of the pandemic.

Published
2021

46. Context, design and conduct of the longitudinal COVID‐19 psychological research consortium study–wave 3

Author

McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Hartman, Todd K., Hyland, Philip, McKay, Ryan, Bennett, Kate M., Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., Stocks, Thomas VA, Vallières, Frédérique, Karatzias, Thanos, Valiente, Carmen, Vazquez, Carmelo, Bentall, Richard P., McBride, Orla, Butter, Sarah, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Hartman, Todd K., Hyland, Philip, McKay, Ryan, Bennett, Kate M., Gibson‐Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., Stocks, Thomas VA, Vallières, Frédérique, Karatzias, Thanos, Valiente, Carmen, Vazquez, Carmelo, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Objectives: The COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study aims to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the adult population in multiple countries. This paper describes the third wave of the UK survey (the ‘parent’ strand of the Consortium) during July‐August 2020. Methods: Adults (N = 2025) who participated in the baseline and/or first follow‐up surveys were reinvited to participate in this survey, which assessed: (1) COVID‐19 related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours; (2) the occurrence of common mental disorders; as well as the role of (3) psychological factors and (4) social and political attitudes, in influencing the public’s response to the pandemic. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure that the cross‐sectional sample is nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, and representative of the baseline sample characteristics for household composition, ethnicity, urbanicity and born/raised in UK. Results: 1166 adults (57.6% of baseline participants) provided full interviews at Wave 3. The raking procedure successfully re‐balanced the cross‐sectional sample to within 1% of population estimates across selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusion: This paper demonstrates the strength of the C19PRC Study data to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Published
2021

47. Refuting the myth of a ‘tsunami’ of mental ill-health in populations affected by COVID-19: evidence that response to the pandemic is heterogeneous, not homogeneous

Author

Shevlin, Mark, Butter, Sarah, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Todd K., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas V. A., Bennett, Kate, Hyland, Philip, Bentall, Richard P., Shevlin, Mark, Butter, Sarah, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Todd K., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas V. A., Bennett, Kate, Hyland, Philip, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Background The current study argues that population prevalence estimates for mental health disorders, or changes in mean scores over time, may not adequately reflect the heterogeneity in mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic within the population. Methods The COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study is a longitudinal, nationally representative, online survey of UK adults. The current study analysed data from its first three waves of data collection: Wave 1 (March 2020, N = 2025), Wave 2 (April 2020, N = 1406) and Wave 3 (July 2020, N = 1166). Anxiety-depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (a composite measure of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7) and COVID-19-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the International Trauma Questionnaire. Changes in mental health outcomes were modelled across the three waves. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify subgroups of individuals with different trajectories of change in anxiety-depression and COVID-19 PTSD. Latent class membership was regressed on baseline characteristics. Results Overall prevalence of anxiety-depression remained stable, while COVID-19 PTSD reduced between Waves 2 and 3. Heterogeneity in mental health response was found, and hypothesised classes reflecting (i) stability, (ii) improvement and (iii) deterioration in mental health were identified. Psychological factors were most likely to differentiate the improving, deteriorating and high-stable classes from the low-stable mental health trajectories. Conclusions A low-stable profile characterised by little-to-no psychological distress (‘resilient’ class) was the most common trajectory for both anxiety-depression and COVID-19 PTSD. Monitoring these trajectories is necessary moving forward, in particular for the ~30% of individuals with increasing anxiety-depression levels.

Published
2021

48. The Authoritarian Dynamic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Nationalism and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

Author

Hartman, Todd K., Stocks, Thomas V. A., McKay, Ryan, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Martinez, Anton P., Mason, Liam, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Bennett, Kate M., Hyland, Philip, Karatzias, Thanos, Vallières, Frédérique, Bentall, Richard P., Hartman, Todd K., Stocks, Thomas V. A., McKay, Ryan, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Levita, Liat, Martinez, Anton P., Mason, Liam, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Shevlin, Mark, Bennett, Kate M., Hyland, Philip, Karatzias, Thanos, Vallières, Frédérique, and Bentall, Richard P.

Abstract

Research has demonstrated that situational factors such as perceived threats to the social order activate latent authoritarianism. The deadly COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to test whether existential threat stemming from an indiscriminate virus moderates the relationship between authoritarianism and political attitudes toward the nation and out-groups. Using data from two large nationally representative samples of adults in the United Kingdom (N = 2,025) and Republic of Ireland (N = 1,041) collected during the initial phases of strict lockdown measures in both countries, we find that the associations between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and (1) nationalism and (2) anti-immigrant attitudes are conditional on levels of perceived threat. As anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic increases, so too does the effect of RWA on those political outcomes. Thus, it appears that existential threats to humanity from the COVID-19 pandemic moderate expressions of authoritarianism in society.

Published
2021

49. Structures of the 2:1 adducts of benzyne with 2-methylanisole and benzene

Author

Bender, Christopher O., Boere, Rene T., Dibble, Peter W., and McKay, Ryan T.

Subjects
Hydrocarbons -- Chemical properties -- Analysis -- Usage, X-ray crystallography -- Usage -- Chemical properties -- Analysis, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Usage -- Chemical properties -- Analysis, Benzene -- Structure -- Chemical properties -- Analysis -- Usage, Cyclopropane compounds -- Structure -- Chemical properties -- Analysis -- Usage, Chemistry, Structure, Analysis, Chemical properties, Usage
Abstract

Abstract: The 2:1 adduct of benzyne with 2-methylanisole is shown to have the bisbenzotricyclic structure 6,6a,11,11a-tetrahydro-5-methoxy-6-methyl-5,6,11-metheno-5H-benzo[a]fluorene by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study ([C.sub.20][H.sub.18]O: [Pca2.sub.1], a = 15.0497(17), b = 9.87783(11), [...]

Published
2007

50. Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Shevlin, Mark, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Catharina A., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas V.A., Bennett, Kate M., Hyland, Philip, Karatzias, Thanos, Bentall, Richard, Shevlin, Mark, McBride, Orla, Murphy, Jamie, Gibson-Miller, Jilly, Hartman, Catharina A., Levita, Liat, Mason, Liam, Martinez, Anton P., McKay, Ryan, Stocks, Thomas V.A., Bennett, Kate M., Hyland, Philip, Karatzias, Thanos, and Bentall, Richard

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global crisis, necessitating drastic changes to living conditions, social life, personal freedom and economic activity. No study has yet examined the presence of psychiatric symptoms in the UK population under similar conditions. Aims: We investigated the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety, generalised anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms in the UK population during an early phase of the pandemic, and estimated associations with variables likely to influence these symptoms. Method: Between 23 and 28 March 2020, a quota sample of 2025 UK adults aged 18 years and older, stratified by age, gender and household income, was recruited by online survey company Qualtrics. Participants completed standardised measures of depression, generalised anxiety and trauma symptoms relating to the pandemic. Bivariate and multivariate associations were calculated for demographic and health-related variables. Results: Higher levels of anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms were reported compared with previous population studies, but not dramatically so. Anxiety or depression and trauma symptoms were predicted by young age, presence of children in the home, and high estimates of personal risk. Anxiety and depression were also predicted by low income, loss of income and pre-existing health conditions in self and others. Specific anxiety about COVID-19 was greater in older participants. Conclusions: This study showed a modest increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in the early stages of the pandemic, and these problems were predicted by several specific COVID-related variables. Further similar surveys, particularly of those with children at home, are required as the pandemic progresses.

Published
2020

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