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Volume 15 of the Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, Wars and the War Office, picks up on the previous volume’s recounting of Nightingale’s famous work during the Crimean War and the comprehensive analysis she did on its high death rates. This volume moves on to the implementation of the recommendations that emerged from that research and to her work to reduce deaths in the next wars, beginning with the American Civil War. Nightingale’s writings describe the creation of the Army Medical School, the vast improvements made in the statistical tracking of disease, and new measures for soldiers’ welfare. Her role in the formulation of the first Geneva Convention in 1864 is related, along with her concern that voluntary relief efforts through the Red Cross not make war “cheap.” Nightingale was decorated by both sides for her work in the Franco-Prussian War. While much of her work concerned the mundane sending out of supplies, we see also in her writing her emerging interest in militarism as the cause of war. Her opposition to the Afghan War (of her time) and her work to provide nursing for the Egyptian campaigns, the Zulu War, and the start of the Boer War are also included.

This seventh volume in the Collected Works of Florence Nightingale consists of letters, observations, and notes from Florence Nightingale’s many trips to Europe, beginning with a family journey when she was a teenager. It includes annotations she made on opera libretti from her “music mad” phase and her winter in Rome (1847-48) which were so important in shaping her liberal politics and support for independence movements. Her letters and notes from Greece and central Europe in 1850, and her Kaisers- werth stay in 1851, reveal her developing ideas on social reform, as well as her first professional training. Materials from 1853 provide information on her training in Paris hospitals. Volume 7 also contains letters and observations from her excursions to Scotland, Ireland, and all over England, from her childhood on. Many of the letters in European Travels were uncatalogued items buried in archives and will be new to Nightingale scholars. The information gathered in this volume adds considerably to what can be learned about the formative influences in Nightingale’s life, politics, and faith. Currently, Volumes 1 to 11 are available in e-book version by subscription or from university and college libraries through the following vendors: Canadian Electronic Library, Ebrary, MyiLibrary, and Netlibrary.

The Improvised Explosive Device (IED) threat has been termed the "grand challenge" by leading counter-terrorism organizations. What started as a nuisance has turned into a strategic threat. The US government is spending billions of dollars and thousands of man-hours to develop countermeasures and defeat technologies. Some countermeasures and technical solutions are quick; many are too slow to keep up with warfighter needs. The enemy, on the other hand, adapts quickly and develops weapons that are cheap and easy to build. The fundamental question driving this research is: how can an organization learn more effectively in order to become more flexible, adaptable, and innovative, while learning to make decisions faster and more proactively? This research will address the significance of learning at the operational and strategic levels, and the effect this learning has on the tactical level. Specifically, the research will draw on LTC John Nagl's "learning organization" concept as expressed in his work Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam. Additionally, this paper will draw on a historical example of the British experience with the IED threat in the Northern Ireland conflict. Finally, this research project will discuss how innovative intelligence analysis can help further drive down the decision timelines. Learning and innovative organizations are key to countering current and future asymmetric weapons threats., The original document contains color images.

The current study examines attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in a sample of late adolescent/young adult university students. Utilizing the Heterosexuals' Attitudes Toward Homosexuals and the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men scales, males' and females' attitudes toward homosexuals in general, and lesbians and gay men separately were examined. Additionally, the Sex Role Egalitarianism scale was used to determine the influence of gender role expectation on attitudes toward these groups. Degree of interpersonal contact with homosexuals was assessed and analyzed relative to its' influence on attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, and homosexuals in general. Finally, parent educational attainment and self-reported grade point average were considered relative to participants' attitudes toward homosexual persons. The results of this study support previous research indicating that males maintain more negative attitudes toward homosexuals than females; and that males' attitudes toward gay men are significantly more negative than their attitudes toward lesbians, while females' attitudes towards gay men and lesbians are essentially equivalent. Gender role expectation was significantly related to attitudes toward lesbians and gay men for both sexes, and degree of sex role egalitarianism was found to moderate the differences in attitudes toward gay men and lesbians that were observed between males and females. Notably for females, sex role egalitarianism was a significantly stronger moderator of attitudes toward homosexuals than for males. Results of this study also lend further support to existing research on the relationship between prior interpersonal contact with homosexuals and attitudes toward this group insofar as prior contact with homosexuals was related to more positive attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Neither parent educational attainment nor participant grade point average were significantly related to attitudes toward lesbians or gay men in this research.

This paper examines whether Irish sociology represents a distinct "national" sociology in terms of its empirical work and theoretical program.I began by situating this paper within existing scholarship on the history of Sociology in Ireland and then examine the social forces that have crucially shaped or misshaped the discipline in Ireland. I also address the imprint left by this history on the orientation of the discipline today.

The thesis deals with the process of affiliating with Alcoholics Anonymous. By applying the principles of Balance theory an attempt is made to stipulate conditions under which prospective members will or will not join the Fellowship., Master of Arts (MA)