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Background: Curcumin is a polyphenol compound with anticancer effects. We aimed to review the anti‐neoplastic effects of curcumin on urogenital cancers, by regulating different microRNA expressions. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the end of August 2024. All English, in vitro, and observational studies that evaluated the effect of curcumin on preventing or treating urogenital cancers through its impact on microRNA expression were included. In vivo or silico studies were excluded. Result: A total of 2549 records were found. Finally, 25 studies were included. Twelve studies assessed the effect of curcumin on prostate cancer, six studies on ovarian cancer, three studies on cervical cancer, three studies on bladder cancer, and one study on renal cancer. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the post‐transcriptional pathways. They possess pivotal roles in different fundamental mechanisms in cells such as differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. Curcumin exerts its anticancer effects on urogenital neoplasms by upregulating tumor suppressor microRNAs (miR‐143, miR‐145, miR‐Let‐7, miR‐101, miR‐3127, miR‐3178, miR‐1275, miR‐3198, miR‐1908, miR‐770, miR‐1247, miR‐411, miR‐34a, miR‐383, miR‐708, miR‐483, miR‐199a, miR‐335, miR‐503, miR‐10b, miR‐551a, miR‐9, miR‐203, miR‐7110, miR‐29b, and miR‐126) and downregulating oncogenic microRNAs (miR‐21, miR‐210, miR‐382, miR‐654, miR‐494, miR‐193b, miR‐671, miR‐222, miR‐23b, miR‐664, miR‐183, miR‐214, miR‐320a, miR‐23a, miR‐30a, miR‐320d, miR‐1285, miR‐32, miR‐181a, miR‐205, miR‐216a, miR‐1246, and miR‐106b). Conclusion: Cell proliferation is inhibited, and cell apoptosis is induced by curcumin in different urogenital cancers through suppressing oncogenic microRNAs or provoking tumor suppressor microRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Primary adrenal insufficiency is an uncommon condition that manifests as nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, salt craving, and hyperpigmentation. Common cardiovascular presentations of AI are hypotension, arrhythmias, and syncope. However, acute heart failure is an uncommon presentation. Case Presentation. Here, a 26‐year‐old man was hospitalized with vasopressor‐resistant cardiogenic shock, which was finally attributed to an adrenal crisis. His past medical history was notable for Hashimoto's disease, controlled with oral levothyroxine. Conclusion. AI should be considered among patients with cardiogenic shock who are unresponsive to conventional inotropes. Additionally, a history of autoimmune diseases may increase the suspicion of AI. Although the presentation of cardiogenic shock in a patient with undiagnosed AI is considered a rarity, delay in prompt treatment can lead to life‐threatening conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cilostazol is an antiplatelet agent, that has been recently used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. Headache, diarrhea, palpitations, and edema are reported as common side effects.Case Presentation: A 53-year-old woman was admitted to hospital, with decreased urine output and increased serum creatinine level. She had taken Cilostazol for the first time, for only one day, so the diagnosis of acute kidney injury, probably drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis, due to Cilostazol use, was made. Her kidney function did not improve despite Cilostazol discontinuation and therefore, empirical corticosteroid therapy was initiated. Her urine output increased and her serum creatinine level significantly decreased, on the third day of treatment. She was discharged with acceptable kidney function. Follow-up visits showed gradual normalization of serum creatinine in the next 62 days.Conclusion: Based on our case, we may draw the conclusion that, Cilostazol may cause nephrotoxicity at any point after ingestion.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.6980. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examined the accuracy of novel anthropometric indices in predicting the progression of prediabetes to diabetes., Subjects and Methods: This study was performed on the pre-diabetic sub-population from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). Participants were followed up from 2001 to 2013. During every 5-year follow-up survey, patients' data regarding the incidence and time of incidence of diabetes were recorded. We evaluated the association between the risk of developing diabetes and novel anthropometric indices including: visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation products (LAP), deep abdominal adipose tissue (DAAT), abdominal volume index (AVI), A body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). We categorized the indices into two groups according to the median value of each index in the population. We used Cox regression analysis to obtain hazard ratios (HR) using the first group as the reference category and used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis for comparing the predictive performance of the indices., Results: From 215 included subjects, 79 developed diabetes during the 13-year follow-up. AVI, LAP, BRI, and VAI indicated statistically significant HR in crude and adjusted regression models. LAP had the greatest association with the development of diabetes HR = 2.18 (1.36-3.50) in multivariable analysis. ROC curve analysis indicated that LAP has the greatest predictive performance among indices (area under the curve = 0.627)., Conclusion: Regardless of baseline confounding variables, prediabetic patients with a higher LAP index may be at significantly higher risk for developing diabetes., Competing Interests: Disclosure: no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Epigenetic modifications might be associated with serum triglycerides (TG) levels. This study aims to systematically review the studies on the relationship between the methylation of specific cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and serum TG levels. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane library up to end of 2020. All observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort) were included. Studies that assessed the effect of DNA methylation of different CpG sites of ABCG1 , CPT1A , and SREBF1 genes on serum TG levels were selected. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) checklist was used to assess the quality of included articles. Among 2790 articles, ten studies were included in the quantitative analysis and fourteen studies were included in the systematic review. DNA methylation of ABCG1 gene had significant positive association with TG levels (β = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.05, P heterogeneity < 0.001). There was significant inverse association between DNA methylation of CPT1A gene and serum TG levels (β = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.03, -0.02, P heterogeneity < 0.001). DNA methylation of SREBF1 gene was positively and significantly associated with serum TG levels (β = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.02-0.04, P heterogeneity < 0.001). DNA methylation of ABCG1 and SREBF1 genes has positive association with serum TG level, whereas this association is opposite for CPT1A gene. The role of epigenetic factors should be considered in some populations with high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia.