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Objective:All-night polysomnography （PSG） is a useful tool for evaluating sleep quality. However, it requires subjects to sleep in an unfamiliar environment, which can influence sleep quality. Moreover, PSG is labor-intensive, timeconsuming, and expensive. We evaluated a portable two-channel electroencephalogram （EEG） monitoring system and compared the signals obtained from the device with those of simultaneously recorded full PSG., Methods:Signals obtained from two-channel EEG were comparing with simultaneously recorded full PSG signals. Sleep stages were scored using the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual for Scoring Sleep 2007. The epochby-epoch percent agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficient were used for agreement evaluation of sleep stage in both devices., Results:The participants were healthy Japanese volunteers （mean （standard deviation）: age: 20.9 （1.8） years; seven women and nine men）. In epoch-by-epoch comparison, the average agreement and kappa value of sleep stages between two-channel EEG and PSG were 0.83 （0.04） and 0.75 （0.05）, respectively. Kappa coefficients showed strong agreement for stage R （REM: rapid eye movement）, stage W （wake）, stage N3 （non-REM: NREM 3）, and stage N2 （NREM 2）（0.86（0.09）, 0.76（0.12）, 0.74（0.15） and 0.73（0.06）, respectively） and weak agreement for stage N1（NREM 1）（0.44（0.13））., Conclusion:These results demonstrate that two-channel EEG facilitates home sleep monitoring and exhibits acceptable agreement with PSG. Therefore, this tool may be suitable for use in epidemiological and intervention studies.

Figure S4. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the sixth and seventh items of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) compared with depression. (PPTX 42 kb)

Figure S1. Histograms of participant characteristics. (PPTX 79 kb)

Figure S2. Distribution of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The numbers represent the count in each bin. (PPTX 119 kb)

Table S2. Comparison of correlation coefficients. The Pearson correlation coefficients were compared with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores. (PPTX 40 kb)

Table S3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) items compared with depression. The eight items from the AIS (from AIS_1 to AIS_8) and 7 items from the ISI (from ISI_1 to ISI_7) were compared with depression. A Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scoreâ â Ľâ 10 was classified as depression. (PPTX 42 kb)

Figure S3. Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) items compared with sleep latency, wake-up time, total sleep time (TST), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A, b, c, d, and e represent pÂ

Table S1. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) for the physical continuous summary (PCS), mental continuous summary (MCS), absolute presenteeism, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). (PPTX 40 kb)

Objectives:The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of a newly developed shigle-channnel electroencephalogram and sleep staging by signals obtained from device by comparing the sleep scoring results to those of simultaneously recorded full polysomnography., Methods:Sleep stages were scored using the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual for Scoring Sleep 2007. The participants (age, 52.4 ± 11.9 years; five women, 53 men) were Japanese clinic outpatients with an apnea-hypopnea index ≤ 5., Results:The average percent agreement and kappa coefficient of sleep stages between single-channel electroencephalogram and polysomnography were 86.9% ± 4.42 and 0.75 ± 0.081, respectively. In epoch-by-epoch analysis, the kappa coefficients showed strong agreement for stage R, stage W, and stage N1 + N2 (0.80, 0.77, and 0.74, respectively) but weak agreement for staeg N3 (0.25)., Conclusions:This single-channel electroencephalogram facilitates unattended sleep monitoring with and results that acceptably agree with those of polysomnography. This feature may meet the needs of large epidemiological and interventional studies., 新しく開発した脳波計の精度を調べ、同時に記録した睡眠ポリグラフの結果と比較し、本装置から得られたシグナルによる睡眠の段階の評価が正しいか検証した。睡眠の段階はAmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual for Scoring Sleep 2007に従ってスコア化した。被験者(男53名、女5名、平均52.4±11.9歳)は、無呼吸低呼吸指数が5以下の日本人外来患者であった。1チャンネル脳波計と睡眠ポリグラフ検査の平均パーセント一致率とκ係数は、86.9±4.42%と0.75±0.081であった。時期単位での解析では、κ係数はR期、W期、N1+N2期(0.80、0.77、0.74)では強く一致したが、N3期(0.25)ではあまり一致しなかった。この1チャンネル脳波計は無人で睡眠を監視することができ、その結果は睡眠ポリグラフとほぼ一致することが示された。

[Purpose] The development of micturition in mice has been poorly studied because of the minute urine volume voided per micturition. We characterized development of the micturition pattern in young mice. [Materials and Methods] Micturition in young and adult C57BL/6 strain mice, including 5 males and 4 females at age 3 weeks immediately after weaning, and 5 of each gender at ages 9 to 10 weeks, respectively, was recorded by the automated voided stain on paper method. Micturition data were obtained under 12-hour light/dark cycles in young mice for 16 days and in adult mice for 4 days. Diurnal variations were assessed during 8 hours until the first void after lights off and those until lights on. The 24-hour rhythmicity of urinary frequency was calculated for 4-day data at the beginning and at the end on young mice, and for 4-day data on adult mice using a chi-square periodogram and relative power spectral density. [Results] Mean frequency was 20 to 30 times per day. Total daily urine volume and mean daily urine volume voided per micturition increased with age. The diurnal rhythm of frequency matured to adult levels with development, which was primarily achieved by maturation of the diurnal variation of urine volume in male mice, followed by female mice. Diurnal variation of urine volume voided per micturition was indistinct at the initial stage and gradually matured toward adult levels. [Conclusions] The automated voided stain on paper method was used to record micturition development in young mice. This generated data corresponding to frequency-volume charts in humans. Our findings could lead to the establishment of a mouse model of developmental micturition disorders, such as nocturnal enuresis.

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