Search

Thermal comfort is the human subject perceived satisfaction to the environmental condition. The human comfort level is affected by skin temperature. Currently to determine the human skin temperature by using human experiment in a controlled environment. However, the experiment is very rigorous and exhaustive. This study was conducted to predict human skin temperature under comfort level with using the finite element method and the bioheat equation. The bioheat equation is used to predict the initial value of human skin temperature with the influence of the metabolic heat generation and the blood perfusion. It is discovered the skin temperature of the human subject experiment fluctuates. However, the result obtained from the model remains unchanged until the simulation ends. The predicted results from the model were well in agreement with the experimental results with an acceptable error of 1.05%.

Thermal comfort is the human subject perceive satisfaction to the work environment. The thermal comfort need to be achieve towards productive working environment. The comfort level of the subject is affected by the human skin temperature. To assess the skin temperature with the sorrounding by conducting human experiment in the climatic chamber. It is rigorous and complex experiment.This study was developed to predict human skin temperature in comfort level with the finite element method and the bioheat equation. The bioheat equation is a consideration of metabolic heat generation and the blood perfusion to solve heat transfer of the living tissue. It is to determine the skin temperature focussing at the human arm. From the study, it is found that the predicted skin temperature value were in well agreement with the experimental results. The percentage error insignificant with acceptable error of 1.05%.

Burn injury is one of the most common injury among firefighters. Moisture comes from perspiration or hose spray absorbed in the personal protective clothing and steam burn injury occur with continuous heat exposure. The heat transfer from the heat flux is enhanced due to transformation material properties that holds high thermal conductivity and heat conductivity. Finite element method is used to predict steam burn injury among firefighters. The model is developed in 1dimensional cylinderical quarter geometry representing the human limb. It is discovered the skin temperature 10°C increases with wet material than dry material. The pain threshold at the lower arm of wet material condition is formed 40second rapidly compare to dry material condition. The first degree burn occur at t=9.5second sooner than the dry condition t=25second. The skin temperature increases with the wet material resulting severe skin burn. It is found that the wet personal protective clothing had compromised its thermal protection. Therefore, firefighters will experience high risk of thermal hazard.

New innovative Industrialised Building System (IBS) has been implemented in Malaysia. It is a sustainable approach, innovative technique and implements repetitive manufacturing using green materials. This paper presents one of the standard tests to check the design and strength of IBS components via an experimental flexural test and then verify the finite element analysis. One IBS frame was set-up, tested with two points of monotonic vertical loading, and analysed by Abaqus 6.12 software. The structural performance in nonlinear state was evaluated in load-displacement relationship of beam, crack pattern, mode of failure, and stresses at concrete and connection deformation to guide the further components inspection.

The article reports on a study to establish and identify key components which addressed to slip and fall factors. This paper aimed at determining leading factors of slip-fall incidents and ranked the factors. A survey was done using a sample of 100 manufacturing workers in manufacturing companies in Malaysia. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has been chosen to evaluate the manufacturing workers perceptions in determining slip-fall leading factors at their own workplace. In this analysis, Principle Components Analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation method was used. 25 items for slip-fall factors were identified after EFA where the variables consists i) footwear factor (3 items), ii) contaminant factor (4 items), iii) flooring factor (3 items), iv) cleaning factor (4 items), v) environment factor (4 items), vi) individual factor (4 items) and vii) perception of risk (3 items). All the questions were generated based on manufacturing workers perception on slip-fall factors. This finding is important to further study the influence of these factors to the workers in any other industry or workplace.

The main goal of this paper is to develop a framework to support the supplier selection process in an Iranian automotive industry. Although numerous criteria are being used for the selection of suitable supplier, selection of the critical factors in conformance to the specification of the automotive industries is less investigated. In order to fill this gap, this research was carried out to systematically propose a framework comprising of the most critical factors for the aim of supplier selection. A literature survey was conducted and measures for assessing the suppliers were extracted. Nominated Group Technique (NGT) was deployed to extract the most critical performance measures from the initial list. Seven measures were found to be proper for the supplier selection process. A Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) was then proposed to weight the extracted measures and determine their importance level. The model was then implemented to assist an automotive company for the aim of its supplier selection.

Tsunamis and hurricanes cause a lot of damage to structures. The water-borne debris that is produced during these natural disasters can cause a considerable damage to the many structures if they have not been constructed for such loads. Tsunami field survey observations have indicated that the damage is aggravated by heavy objects like wooden logs, automobiles, boats, storage barrels and other containers. This paper presented the results of experimental study for the quantification of the debris impact force on the structures. Moreover, it studied the formulas, which have been specified in the recently published tsunami- resistant engineering design guidelines (FEMA P-646, 2012) and the Coastal Construction Manual (FEMA P- 55, 2011) with the results of experiment.

Currently, design and machining features diverge in meaning, even when they are interpreting the same object. This divergence of feature interpretation provides a venue for research work to reduce the complexity that arises in recognizing interacting machining features. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the recognition of design features with the aim to eventually decompose the interacting machining features. Loop driving recognition links the CAD data directly to the features to be recognized. The first step is to recognize the design features from B-Reps part. Then geometrical reasoning on these design features is employed to convert the design features to its respective machining features. The process of conversion is in fact the process of decomposing the interacting machining features without having to visit the B-Reps data again. The system takes into account the nesting of the design features that causes more interacting machining features to be decomposed. Finally, output data of both design and machining features are then displayed.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have been recognized as one of the main occupational health problems among health care workers. Many studies have suggested the influence of psychosocial factors on MSDs. The objective of this study is to look into the association between psychosocial factors and the prevalence of MSDs symptoms among internship doctors. 86 internship doctors completed a questionnaire which consists of demographic data, physical and psychosocial factors as well as musculoskeletal discomfort. Results show that 32.6% of them reported that they have musculoskeletal discomfort at a single body region during the last year, 16.3% reported two regions and 9.3% reported three regions where the most prevalent region affected was the neck area where 27.9% of the respondent reported they experienced symptoms or pain in this region, followed by wrists / hands (26.7%), lower back (19.8%) and upper back (14.0%). Meanwhile, there were association found between psychosocial factors and prevalence of MSDs in certain body regions. For instance, musculoskeletal symptom at neck, wrist/hands, upper and lower back regions have been found to be associated with five psychosocial stressors examined in this study. The results obtained indicate the influence of psychosocial factors on MSDs.

Sistem Rapid Prototyping (RP) ialah teknologi yang menukar sesuatu reka bentuk yang dibina dalam Computer Aided Design (CAD) ke suatu komponen model 3D. Model CAD biasanya dibina dalam sistem CAD yang kemudiannya dihantar ke sistem RP. Antaramuka yang baik antara sistem CAD dan sistem RP adalah salah satu faktor penting dalam menghasilkan prototaip yang berkualiti tinggi. Kertas kerja ini melaporkan hasil uji kaji yang dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti masalah-masalah dalam memindahkan data antara satu sistem CAD (UNIGRAPHICS) dan satu sistem RP (QUICKSLICE). Berdasarkan hasil uji kaji dan analisis yang dijalankan, satu garis panduan dicadangkan untuk perpindahan data yang lebih berkesan antara sistem CAD (UNIGRAPHICS) dan sistem RP (QUICKSLICE). Kata kunci: CAD; CAM; CAD/CAM; Rapid Prototyping Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a technology that transform a design generated in Computer Aided Design (CAD) to a 3D model parts. CAD models are usually done on a CAD system and then transported into the RP system. A good interface between the CAD and the RP system is one of the key factors of producing a good quality prototype. This paper reports on the results of an experimentation carried out to identify the problems in transferring data between a CAD system (UNIGRAPHICS) and an RP system (QUICKSLICE). Based on the experimentation’s results and analysis, a basic guideline is proposed for a safer data transfer between the CAD system (UNIGRAPHICS) and an RP system (QUICKSLICE). Key words: CAD; CAM; CAD/CAM; Rapid Prototyping