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Background: Prevalence of psychological disorders among individuals with diabetes is significantly higher as compared to the general population. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of psychological disorders on pharmacotherapy of diabetes patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two primary care hospitals in Pakistan from April to June 2023. The nine-item Patient Health Care Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale was used to assess depression in the study's population, and its effects on pharmacotherapy of diabetes. Chi-square test was used to evaluate relationship between ordinal variables/categorical variables and depression whereas; Student's t-test was used to assess the relationship between numerical variables with depression. Results: A total of 320 patients were assessed, comprising 120 (37.5%) males and 200 (62.5%) females, with a mean age of 52.5 (SD± 11.8) years. The average duration of diabetes is 7.0 (SD± 5.4). The average PHQ-9 score was 8.3 (SD± 5.5). Depression was found to be prevalent in 43.7% of the study population. Gender (female) (p-value 0.002), advanced age (p-value 0.002), lower income (p-value 0.001), education levels (p-value 0.001), longer duration of diabetes (p-value 0.001), poor diabetes control according to BSR value (p-value 0.001), usage of injectable insulin (p-value 0.005), and concomitant diseases (p-value 0.001) were found to be independently linked with depression. Significant association was observed between depression and treatment adherence (p-value 0.0025), number of missed doses (p-value 0.045), and difficulty in diabetes management (p-value 0.0015). Conclusion: Our study highlights significant prevalence of depression in study population and the prevalent depression negatively impacts on treatment adherence. It also revealed that depression complicates diabetes management resulting in poor medication adherence, poor diabetes control and diabetes related complications, making diabetes control more challenging and difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dengue is an epidemic in Pakistan. Proper monitoring of dengue cases is necessary for its early diagnosis and prevention, especially in developing countries with limited resources. Our study aims to use some hematological parameters as Early Diagnostic Indicators in Acute Dengue Infection which can help reduce mortality and morbidity. Materials and Methods: Dengue NS1 Antigen test was used to identify 119 Dengue Patients over August-October, 2019. Hematological data from such patients was collected and analysed. Results: In our study thrombocytopenia was prominent with sensitivity based on gender distribution being 86% for males and 76% for females. According to age, distribution thrombocytopenia had a sensitivity of up to 81% in the younger age group and 80% in the older age group. The other prominent findings in younger age groups were lymphopenia, neutropenia, and monocytopenia with a sensitivity of 55%, 43%, and 24% respectively. Lymphopenia and neutropenia had similar sensitivity across the two genders, whereas monocytopenia had higher sensitivity among females of 27% as opposed to males of 12%. Eosinopenia did not differ as much among the two age groups i.e. 18% in young and 19% in older patients and across the two genders i.e. 56% in males and 60% in females. The sensitivity of lymphocytosis in older patients is 21% which was also significant. Conclusions: The Differential Leukocyte Count and Platelets Count can help as an early indicator of acute dengue infection in resource-limited areas. This can help in early diagnosis and prompt treatment thus reducing complications.

Background: Abnormal sensory integration is an important feature of Autism. Due to sensory motor difficulties most of the children with Autism cannot perform their functions independently. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of sensory-motor issues on the performance of activities of daily living skills in Autism spectrum disorder. Methodology: This study was conducted in The Children’s Hospital Lahore and Rising Sun Institute. Data was collected using purposive non random sampling technique in three months duration from 15th October 2014 to 15th January 2015. Observational and Cross sectional study design was used. 35 patients of both genders were included. Sample selection criteria included the patients affected with Autism of age range 3-15 years. Standardized Barthel index scale and Sensory profile questionnaire based on Ayers sensory integration theory were used to determine the sensory motor issues impact on performance of Activities of daily livings. Results: Results showed that visual processing disorders were highly correlated with Activities of daily livings (r = 0.436, p = 0.009). Conclusion: It was concluded that children with Autism on average, showed atypical sensory-motor responses. The poor functional independence in Activities of daily livings was related to and caused in part by their abnormal sensory motor responses, especially their visual processing. Visual processing problems show that children may have difficulties in tasks such as dressing, grooming, bathing etc. Keywords: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Activities of daily livings, sensory integration, Gross motor skills, Fine motor skills

This research paper explores “Effects of ICT on student learning at the secondary level in private schools of Punjab”. The objectives were as: to find effects of obtain ability of ICT resources on students learning at the secondary level in private schools of Punjab (Pakistan), to identify effects of approachability of ICT resources on students learning at the secondary level in private schools Punjab (Pakistan), and to explore effects of user-ability of ICT resources on students learning at the secondary level in private schools of Punjab (Pakistan). In this research paper, the researcher used the quantitative method of the research which is descriptive in nature. The questionnaire was adapted from a research conducted at Makerere University by Opira Geoffrey (Geoffrey, 2010). The questionnaires were distributed among 250 participants and all participants filled the questionnaire out of which 150 were the male students and 100 were the female students. The sample of the study selected randomly from the private school of Punjab. A regression analysis was applied to identifying the effects of independent variables on student learning. The results indicate that there is a strong relationship between sufficiency and students learning, the results indicate that there is a strong relationship between approachability and students learning and the results indicate that there is a strong relationship between user ability and students learning if the user ability of ICT resources is positive in schools than the students learning is good and if the user ability of ICT resources is negative in schools than the students learning is not good. The future researchers can research the Effects of ICT on students learning at the secondary level in public schools of Punjab (Pakistan).