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Ginandromorfismo es una condición donde un organismo exhibe simultáneamente características morfológicas de macho y hembra. En Colombia el taxón Amblyomma cajennense está representado por las especies Amblyomma patinoi y Amblyomma mixtum. En septiembre de 2014 en la Orinoquía colombiana, de infecciones naturales de bovinos y equinos, se colectaron y determinaron garrapatas adultas. En una infección natural de bovino se describió un ginandromorfo clasificado morfológicamente como A. mixtum. Éste es el primer registro en la literatura de un ginandromorfo A. mixtum, y la primera descripción de un ginandromorfo para una especie de garrapata en Colombia.

Gynandromorphism is a condition in which an organism simultaneously exhibits male and female morphological characteristics. In Colombia, the taxon Amblyomma cajennense is represented by the species Amblyomma patinoi and Amblyomma mixtum. In September of 2014, in the Colombian Orinoco region, adult ticks were collected and determined from natural infections in bovines and equines. A gynandromorph was described from a natural infestation on a bovine, and morphologically classified as A. mixtum. This is the first literature report of a gynandromorph of A. mixtum, and the first description of a gynandromorph for a tick species in Colombia. Resumen Ginandromorfismo es una condición donde un organismo exhibe simultáneamente características morfológicas de macho y hembra. En Colombia el taxón Amblyomma cajennense está representado por las especies Amblyomma patinoi y Amblyomma mixtum. En septiembre de 2014 en la Orinoquía colombiana, de infecciones naturales de bovinos y equinos, se colectaron y determinaron garrapatas adultas. En una infección natural de bovino se describió un ginandromorfo clasificado morfológicamente como A. mixtum. Éste es el primer registro en la literatura de un ginandromorfo A. mixtum, y la primera descripción de un ginandromorfo para una especie de garrapata en Colombia.

RESUMO: Poucos estudos avaliaram a diversidade de ectoparasitos e a associação deles com seus hospedeiros que ocorrem no bioma Caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil. Considerando-se essa falta de conhecimento, este estudo objetivou identificar e determinar a ocorrência de carrapatos coletados de pequenos mamíferos da Estação Experimental Rafael Fernandes, no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. De janeiro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 foram capturados 52 marsupiais (38 Gracilinanus agilis e 14 Monodelphis domestica) e 10 roedores (5 Wiedomys sp., 4 Thrichomys sp. e 1 Rattus norvegicus). Foram identificados os carrapatos Amblyomma auricularium, Amblyomma parvum, Amblyomma sp., Ornithodoros mimon e Ornithodoros sp., empregando estudo morfológico, chaves taxonômicas e sequenciamento parcial do gene mitocondrial 16S rDNA de carrapatos. Todas as associações carrapato-hospedeiro encontradas neste estudo são relatadas pela primeira vez no Rio Grande do Norte e constituem novos dados ecológicos aplicáveis aos ectoparasitos de pequenos mamíferos no nordeste do Brasil. ABSTRACT: Few studies have assessed the diversity of ectoparasites and their associated hosts occurring within the Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil. Considering this lack of knowledge, in this study we aimed to identify and determine the occurrence of ticks collected from small mammals at the Estação Experimental Rafael Fernandes, in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. From January 2014 to February 2015, we captured 52 marsupials (38 Gracilinanus agilis and 14 Monodelphis domestica) and 10 rodents (5 Wiedomys sp., 4 Thrichomys sp. and 1 Rattus norvegicus). We identified the ticks Amblyomma auricularium, Amblyomma parvum, Amblyomma sp., Ornithodoros mimon and Ornithodoros sp. by a morphological study, the use of taxonomic keys, and the partial sequencing of the tick mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene. All the tick-host associations found in this study are reported for the first time in Rio Grande do Norte and constitute new ecological data concerning ectoparasites of small mammals in northeastern Brazil.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:30:35Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84884137132.pdf: 255583 bytes, checksum: 12bf275d8dc591e7d0280f4d2556e675 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:30:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-09-01 Objetivou-se determinar a soroprevalência de Ehrlichia spp. e os fatores de risco associados a exposição em uma população restrita de cães, cavalos e humanos altamente expostos a picadas de carrapatos em um assentamento rural brasileiro utilizando um teste comercial de ELISA rápido e dois testes de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) com antígenos brutos de E. canis e E. chaffeensis. Amostras de soro de 132 cães, 16 cavalos e 100 humanos foram utilizadas. Cinquenta e seis/132 (42,4%) cães foram soropositivos para E. canis. Cães > um ano apresentaram mais chance de serem soropositivos para E. canis do que cães ≤ um ano (p = 0,0051). Dez/16 (62,5%) e 8/16 (50%) cavalos foram soropositivos pelo ELISA comercial e IFI, respectivamente. Cinco/100 (5%) humanos foram soropositivos para E. canis e E. chaffeensis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 291, 97,98%) nos cães e A. cajennense (n = 25, 96,15%) nos cavalos foram os carrapatos mais encontrados. Concluindo, anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. foram encontrados em cavalos; entretanto, a ausência de uma caracterização molecular impede qualquer conclusão sobre agente envolvido. Além disso, a alta soroprevalência de E. canis em cães e a evidência de anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia sp. em humanos, sugere que os casos de erliquiose humana no Brasil possam ser causados por E. canis ou outra espécie intimamente relacionada. The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia spp. and risk factors for exposure in a restricted population of dogs, horses, and humans highly exposed to tick bites in a Brazilian rural settlement using a commercial ELISA rapid test and two indirect immunofluorescent assays (IFA) with E. canis and E. chaffeensis crude antigens. Serum samples from 132 dogs, 16 horses and 100 humans were used. Fifty-six out of 132 (42.4%) dogs were seropositive for E. canis. Dogs > one year were more likely to be seropositive for E. canis than dogs ≤ one year (p = 0.0051). Ten/16 (62.5%) and 8/16 (50%) horses were seropositive by the commercial ELISA and IFA, respectively. Five out of 100 (5%) humans were seropositive for E. canis and E. chaffeensis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 291, 97.98%) on dogs and Amblyomma cajennense (n = 25, 96.15%) on horses were the most common ticks found. In conclusion, anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies were found in horses; however, the lack of a molecular characterization precludes any conclusion regarding the agent involved. Additionally, the higher seroprevalence of E. canis in dogs and the evidence of anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies in humans suggest that human cases of ehrlichiosis in Brazil might be caused by E. canis, or other closely related species. Departmento de Ciências Veterinárias Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, 58397-000 Areia Departmento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR445, 86051-990 Londrina, Parana Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal FMVZ Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Westbrook, ME 04092 Departmento de Clínica,Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista, 16050-680 Araçatuba, SP Departmento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, Parana Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of Illinois, IL, 61802 Departmento de Clínica,Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista, 16050-680 Araçatuba, SP

Ticks are important ectoparasites and can transmit a wide variety of pathogens to animals and humans worldwide. These ectoparasites are the most important vectors of diseases causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals, and the second for man. In Brazil, Spotted Fever is the only disease transmitted to humans by ticks, while for animals we can highlight babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Although ticks are found in all of Brazil’s biomes, little is known about its diversity and host-relations in the Amazon biome. The existing gaps and the lack of research indicate that the diversity of ticks and their possible pathogens are underestimated in the Brazilian Amazon. Therefore, in order to guide the next studies in the Amazon biome, we present in this chapter a compilation of the records of hard ticks and soft ticks parasitizing wild and domestic animals, and humans. We present the general list of ticks for this biome, their distribution, hosts and importance for public health and veterinary. Finally, the ixodofauna found in the Brazilian Amazon and presented here does not match the vertebrate diversity of this biome, which is one of the largest on the planet. Therefore, more acarologists and epidemiologists are needed in this region.