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1. The European Stag Beetle (Lucanus cervus) Monitoring Network: International Citizen Science Cooperation Reveals Regional Differences in Phenology and Temperature Response

Author

Arno Thomaes, Sylvie Barbalat, Marco Bardiani, Laura Bower, Alessandro Campanaro, Natalia Fanega Sleziak, João Gonçalo Soutinho, Sanne Govaert, Deborah Harvey, Colin Hawes, Marcin Kadej, Marcos Méndez, Bruno Meriguet, Markus Rink, Sarah Rossi De Gasperis, Sanne Ruyts, Lucija Šerić Jelaska, John Smit, Adrian Smolis, Eduard Snegin, Arianna Tagliani, and Al Vrezec

Subjects
transect walk, monitoring protocol, drop-out, habitats directive, volunteers, threatened species, Science
Abstract

To address the decline in biodiversity, international cooperation in monitoring of threatened species is needed. Citizen science can play a crucial role in achieving this challenging goal, but most citizen science projects have been established at national or regional scales. Here we report on the establishment and initial findings of the European Stag Beetle Monitoring Network (ESBMN), an international network of stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) monitoring schemes using the same protocol. The network, started in 2016, currently includes 14 countries (see results) but with a strong variation in output regarding the number of transects (148 successful transects in total) and transect walks (1735). We found differences across European regions in the number of stag beetles recorded, related to phenology and temperature, but not for time of transect start. Furthermore, the initial experiences of the ESBMN regarding international cooperation, citizen science approach, and drop-out of volunteers is discussed. An international standardised protocol that allows some local variation is essential for international collaboration and data management, and analysis is best performed at the international level, whereas recruiting, training, and maintaining volunteers is best organised locally. In conclusion, we appeal for more joint international citizen science-based monitoring initiatives assisting international red-listing and conservation actions.

Published
2021
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2. A European monitoring protocol for the stag beetle, a saproxylic flagship species

Author

Marcos Méndez, Ilaria Toni, Agnese Zauli, Michele Zilioli, Stefano Chiari, Marcin Kadej, Giuseppe M. Carpaneto, Nida Al Fulaij, Eva Sprecher, Arno Thomaes, Colin J. Hawes, Sönke Hardersen, Paolo Audisio, Deborah J. Harvey, Jerzy Karg, Al Vrezec, Markus Rink, Marco Bardiani, Alessandro Campanaro, Francesca Della Rocca, Adrian Smolis, Serena Corezzola, Livia Zapponi, Campanaro, A, Zapponi, L, Hardersen, S, Mendez, M, Al Fulaji, N, Audisio, P, Bardiani, M, Carpaneto, Giuseppe, Corezzola, S, Della Rocca, F, Harvey, D, Hawes, C, Kadej, M, Karg, J, Rink, M, Smolis, A, Sprecher, E, Toni, I, Vrezec, A, Zauli, A, and Chiari, S.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Occupancy, Range (biology), Evolution, Fauna, Stag beetle, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, phenology, Behavior and Systematics, Flagship species, Lucanus cervus, Transect, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, dead wood, biology, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Habitats Directive, Geography, dead wood, detection probability, Habitats Directive, Lucanus cervus, phenology, transect, Insect Science, Threatened species, detection probability, transect
Abstract

Developing protocols for threatened invertebrates is often challenging, because they are not only rare but also elusive. This is the case with the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus), a protected and flagship species for the saproxylic beetle fauna in Europe. We applied a standard transect walk at a European scale (8 countries, 29 transects) to test its practicability and reliability as survey design. A total of 533 sightings were recorded throughout the sampling period, but detection probability changed as the season progressed. Considering the observed activity pattern, occupancy models showed that a short period of three consecutive weeks, between the middle of June and the first week of July, resulted in a high probability of detection (P > 0.7). As time of the peak of activity varies from year to year and between sites, we propose to extend the sampling period to five weekly surveys. Detailed information on the transect characteristics and the optimal time for surveying were analysed. The data indicate that a weekly transect at dusk provides a reliable method for monitoring this species throughout its distributional range. No correlation was found between latitude, longitude and phenology of sightings, however. However, a standard method such as the one presented, allows broadening the scale of monitoring studies, provinding data to evaluate the efficacy of conservation measures. © 2016 The Royal Entomological Society

Published
2016

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